What is the idiom joke in Zuo Zhuan?

In the fifth year of Xi Gong, he borrowed the land of Yuzhou to attack the State of Guo. Gong persuaded: "Guo is the periphery of our country. If Guo perishes, so will he. We can't arouse the ambition of the State of Jin, nor can we ignore this army of the State of Jin. It was a serious mistake to borrow the road last time. Can we do it again? As the saying goes:' Cheeks and gums are interdependent, and teeth will feel cold without lips'. This is the relationship between Yu and Guo! "

2. Fake killing method

Yugong naively thought that he was the same family as the State of Jin, and that the State of Jin would not harm himself, so he lent the road to the State of Jin. The public had no choice but to leave the state of Yu with his own people. In December, the State of Jin destroyed the State of Guo, and the Jin army returned to China and stationed in Yuzhou, taking the opportunity to attack and destroy Yuzhou. Captured Yu Gong and doctor Jing Bo, as well as the famous "five cangue doctor" Bai Xixi, as Qin Mugong's dowry entourage. Later, this Prissy helped Qin Mugong achieve hegemony. This is the origin of this idiom story.

3. If you want to add a crime, why not say it?

In the summer and April of this year, the Duke of Zhou was jealous of his father, got together with the prince of Yan, and together with his good friends, he established the marquis of Jin. Kim Gong Hui wants to kill Rick to clear his name. When he tried to kill Rick, someone told Rick, "Without you, I would not be a monarch. Even so, after all, you killed two monarchs and a doctor. It's really hard to be your monarch. "

Rick replied, "if you don't abolish Xi and Zhuozi, how can you inherit the throne?" Is there no reason to accuse a person? I accept the order. " So he killed himself. At that time, Pi Zheng went to Qin to postpone giving gifts and apologize, so he did not participate. Jin also reburied the prince. Why did Kim kill Rick? In those days, after the rebellion in Li Ji, the sons fled, and Jin Xiangong sent troops to kill them, so they could only continue to live in exile in other countries.

Later, when he was seriously ill, he and his relatives were still young, so he entrusted Xun Liqi, a doctor too much, as his successor to help him. Unexpectedly, just after Jin Xiangong died, the state of Jin was in chaos. Rick killed Xi Qi when he was only fourteen years old. Xun Xi made his son Zhuo king and was killed by Rick. Xun saw that the second husband didn't keep it, so he committed suicide. Only then did Yiwu return to the State of Jin as a monarch with the help of Qin Mugong.

4, the skin does not exist, the hair will attach.

This winter, there was a famine in the State of Qin, and people were sent to the State of Jin to buy grain, but the people of the State of Jin did not sell it. Zheng Qing said, "If you abandon your kindness, you will have no relatives. Fortunately, disasters in other countries are merciless, and it will be unlucky to covet what you cherish. It is unfair to anger neighboring countries. All four virtues are lost. What can we use to defend the country? "

Guo Yan said: "The skin no longer exists. Where is the hair still attached? " Zheng Qing said, "Who will give up their faith and abandon their neighbors? Without faith, disaster will happen, without help, it will perish. This is a fact. "

Guo She said: "Giving food will not reduce resentment, but will increase the strength of the enemy. It is better not to give it. " Zheng Qing said: "Losing human feelings and celebrating other people's disasters should be spurned by the people. People close to you still hate it, let alone resentful enemies? " Jin Gonghui won't listen. Zheng Qing abdicated and said, "The monarch will definitely regret it in the future." King's ingratitude led to a series of wars and stories of deposed heirs.

5. heartbreak

During the period, Qin helped Jin He ascend to the position of monarch, and the two countries exchanged in-laws. Later generations used the idiom "the goodness of Qin and Jin" to describe the depth of diplomacy between the two countries in this period, but after all, the two countries are bordered and both want to develop, and war is inevitable. On the fifth day of April this year, Lv Xiang was sent to break up with Qin. Xiangxian Lu praised the alliance between the two countries during the Qin Mugong period, and said that the war between Qin and Jin Cuisine (described in Story 6), Hu Ling and Hequ made the relationship between the two countries extremely bad.

He said to Duke Huan of Qin, "You woo Di to fight with us, and you woo us to fight with Di. So is Chu. Our monarch hates Qin's capriciousness. So make things public to punish those who are not single-minded. The governors were very sad when they heard these words, so they came to be close to us. If you like, you can form an alliance, and our vassal army will retreat. If you don't, the vassal Coalition will not retreat. Please also ask the deacons around to weigh the pros and cons. "

Duke Huan of Qin summoned Di Guo and Chu State to join hands with Jin State to fight in Madai, and the result was a crushing defeat. In this battle, Qin's daughter-in-law was arrested and Cao died in the camp.

6. Be prepared for danger in times of peace.

Jin Wengong led the allied forces of governors to demonstrate in the East Gate of Zheng State, and the people of Zheng State sent Prince Boqing for peace, and Wu Zhao of Jin State entered the city to join the League. Later, Zheng's son Zhancheng formed an alliance with Duke Xiang of Jin, and presented many gifts, including bells, watches, sixteen beautiful women who can sing and dance, and one hundred chariots. Jin Wengong gave Jiang Wei half of the band and told him that without him, he would not be able to make peace with the Rong people of various tribes and would not be a vassal within nine rounds. All this is as harmonious as music, so he can enjoy it to his heart's content.

Jiang Wei refused to say, "These are your sages. What credit do I have? The history book says,' Be safe, but be prepared for danger.' If you think about it, you will be prepared, and if you are prepared, there will be no harm. I just want to convince you. "Jin Wengong said that reward is a national system and regulations, which cannot be abolished, and it is for him. Since then, Jiang Wei has enjoyed the joy of stone, which is also in line with etiquette. Before long, the Jin army and the State of Qin fought in the oak field. Because the Jin army underestimated its enemy, Qin Jun defeated it.

7. Cao Gui debate

In the spring of the tenth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu, the Qi army attacked our state of Lu. Duke Zhuang of Lu can fight. Cao Gui asked to meet Duke Zhuang of Lu. His fellow countryman said, "People in power will plan this. Why do you participate?" Cao Gui said: "People in power are short-sighted, so they can't think ahead." So he went to North Korea to see Duke Zhuang of Lu. Cao Gui asked, "What are you fighting for?"

Duke Zhuang of Lu said: "I never dare to keep food and clothing for health. I must give it to the ministers around me." Cao Gui replied: "This kind of small kindness can't spread to the people, and the people won't obey you." Duke Zhuang of Lu said, "I never dare to exaggerate the number of sacrifices such as pigs, cows, sheep, jade articles and silk fabrics, but I must tell the truth to God."

Cao Gui said: "A small contribution cannot win the trust of the gods, and the gods will not bless you." Lv Zhuanggong said: "Even if I can't see all the litigation cases, I will make a reasonable judgment based on the facts." Cao Gui replied: "This has completed my task, and we can fight a battle (under this condition). If you fight, please allow me to go with you. "

That day, Duke Zhuang of Lu and Cao Gui were sitting in a car, fighting the Qi army in the ladle. Duke Zhuang of Lu will order drums to advance. Cao Gui said, "Not now." Wait until the Qi army drums three times. Cao Gui said, "You can beat the drums." The Qi army was defeated. Duke Zhuang of Lu wants to order horses to chase the Qi army. Cao Gui said, "Not yet."

Say that finish, he got out of the chariot, looked at the trace of Qi's wheels, boarded the chariot again, propped up the crossbar in front of the chariot and watched the formation of Qi. He said, "We can pursue it." So I chased the Qi army. After winning the battle, Duke Zhuang of Lu asked him why he won. Cao Gui replied, "Fighting depends on morale. Drumming for the first time can improve the morale of soldiers. After the second drum beat, the morale of the soldiers began to decline.

The morale of the soldiers was exhausted after the third drum beat. Their morale has disappeared, but the morale of our army is rising, so we beat them. In a big country like Qi, it is difficult to speculate on their situation, for fear that they will have an ambush there. Later, I saw that the track of their wheels was chaotic and the flag fell, so I ordered to chase them. "

8. Zheng Boke's Festival is in Yan.

Once upon a time, Zheng Wugong married a wife named Wujiang in Shen, and she gave birth to Zhuang Gong and Uncle Duan. When Zhuang Gong was born, his feet came out first. Wujiang was frightened and named him "Sheng Mao", so he hated him very much. Wujiang favors Gong Shuduan and wants to make Gong Shuduan a prince. He repeatedly asked Wu Gong, who refused.

When Zhuang Gong ascended the throne, the military commander asked for the packet to be sent to Zhiyi. Duke Zhuang said, "Governing a city is dangerous. Uncle Bi used to die there. If it is sealed to other cities, I can do what I say. " Wujiang asked for an uncle, and Zhuang Gong agreed to let him live there, calling him Uncle Jing.

Doctor Ji Zhong said: "If the enclosed capital city wall is more than 300 feet long, it will become a scourge to the country. According to the former king's system, the largest city in the country should not exceed one third of the capital, the medium-sized city should not exceed one fifth and the small city should not exceed one ninth. The wall of Jingyi is illegal and is not allowed by the legal system. I am afraid it is not good for you. "

Zhuang Gong said, "This is Jiang's wish. How can I avoid this scourge? " Ji Zhong replied, "When will Jiang's family be satisfied? It is better to deal with it as soon as possible, and don't let the curse grow and spread. Once it grows and spreads, it will be difficult. The spreading weeds can't be eradicated, let alone your beloved brother? " Duke Zhuang said, "If you do more injustice, you will collapse. Wait and see.

Before long, Duan betrayed Zheng in the western and northern border towns. The son Lu said, "A country cannot have two monarchs. What are you going to do now? If you want to give Zheng Guo to your uncle, then I will serve him; If not, please get rid of him and don't make people doubt. " Duke Zhuang said, "If you don't get rid of it, you will suffer from disaster."

My uncle changed two border towns into places under his jurisdiction and extended them to Yanyan. Childe Lu said, "You can act! When the land expands, he will get the support of the people. " Duke Zhuang said, "If you are unjust, you will never kiss your brother. Although the land expands, it will collapse. " Uncle built the city wall, gathered the people, trimmed the armor and weapons, and prepared chariots. He is going to attack Zheng.

Wujiang intends to open the city gate as an insider. When Lord Zhuang heard of Duan Shu's sneak attack, he said, "You can attack!" He ordered Zifeng to take 200 cars to crusade against Jingyi. Jing betrayed Gongshu section with people, and Gongshu section fled to Yancheng. Zhuanggong chased Yancheng again to punish him. On May 23rd, Duan fled to the Republic.

9. Quit Qin with candles.

In the thirty years of Xi Gong, because Zheng was rude to Wen Gong, he was attached to Chu and Jin, and jointly besieged Zheng Guo. The Jin army was stationed in the Han Mausoleum, south of the flood. The lost fox said to Zheng Bo, "Zheng is in danger! If you let the candle force go to see Qin Bo, the army (of Qin State) will definitely retreat. "

Zheng Bo agreed. Candlelight Wu declined: "When I was young, I was not as good as others; Now that I am old, I can't do anything. " Zheng Wengong said, "It was my fault that I didn't pay attention to you before. Now the situation is critical. I beg you. However, Zheng's demise is not good for you! " Candlewood agreed to this matter.

At night (someone) lowered the rope from the city and saw Qin Bo. "Qin Jin besieged Zheng, and Zheng knew his death. If killing Zheng is for your own good, how dare you take the liberty to trouble you with this matter? You know it's difficult to cross the neighboring countries and regard the distant state of Zheng as an eastern border city.

Why destroy Zheng and increase land for neighboring Jin? The neighboring countries are powerful, but the strength of your state of Qin is relatively weak. If you give up the siege of Zheng, it will do you no harm to treat it as the host who receives passers-by on the Oriental Road and provide them with what they lack (as Zheng Can has always done).

Moreover, you once gave Kim a favor, but you promised to give you two cities, Jiao and Zhu. However, as you know, Gong Hui crossed the Yellow River in the morning and built fortifications at night. Jin State, how can it be satisfied? It regards Zheng as its eastern border and wants to expand the border to the west.

If you don't lose money on the land of Qin, where can you get it? Weakening the state of Qin is beneficial to the state of Jin. I hope you will consider this matter! Qin Bo was very happy and signed a covenant with Zheng. Zi, Sun Feng and Sun Yang were sent to defend the State of Zheng, so the State of Qin retreated. Dr. Kim Dae-fu asked to send troops to attack Qin Jun.

Jin Wengong said, "No! Without the strength of that person (Qin Bo), I wouldn't have come this far. It is unjust to rely on others' strength and hurt them in turn; It is unwise to lose allies; It is not in line with martial arts to replace neatness with chaos. Let's go back! " Jin also left Zheng.

10, the property does not damage the township schools.

Zheng people went to rural schools for a leisure party to discuss the measures of ruling quality. Dr. Zheng Ming said to his son, "How about destroying township schools?" Zi chan said, "why was it destroyed?" People will come back here after work in the morning and evening to get together and discuss the quality of administrative measures. We will implement whatever they like; If they hate it, we will correct it.

This is our teacher. Why destroy it? I have heard of trying to do good deeds to reduce resentment, but I have never heard of relying on power to prevent resentment. Isn't it easy to stop these arguments soon? However, doing that is like blocking a river: the damage caused by a big breach in a river will inevitably hurt many people, and I can't save it; Why not open a small mouth to draw water,

After listening to these arguments, why don't we take it as a good medicine? "Ran Ming said," I didn't know you can really achieve great things until now. Little people really have no talent. If this is really done, I am afraid that Guo Zheng will really become dependent, which will do more good than harm to American officials! After hearing these words, Confucius said, "According to these words, people say that they are heartless, and the north is like an estimate. "

1 1, follow the leader.

In the summer of this year, Duke Jin revenged the battle of Oak Forest and led the allied governors to attack the State of Qin. When we arrived at Jinghe, the army didn't want to cross the river first. Later, Zheng Guo's son and Guo Wei's son persuaded the prince and the army to cross the Jinghe River and stay on the other side. Qin people poisoned the upper reaches of Jinghe River, and many allied troops were poisoned to death. When the allied forces arrived in Yulin, they still failed to force Qin to yield and make peace. Doctor Jin ordered, "When the cock crows tomorrow morning, you should catch the chariot, fill the stove and follow my horse."

Yan, another doctor in the State of Jin, said: "The State of Jin has never given such an order. My horse's head is facing east. " So he returned to China, and the army followed him. Zuo said to Jiang Wei, "Don't we wait for Xun Yan?" Jiang Wei replied, "He ordered us to obey the coach. Father Luan is my coach, so I can only follow him. Obeying the coach is obeying Yan Yan. " Xun Yan said, "My orders are wrong, and it's too late to regret. I can only let Qin win again. "

So he ordered everyone to evacuate. The state of Jin called this battle a "protracted war". During this period, Qin Jin conquered each other, and Chu Qi helped each other, but all for their own interests. As Confucius said: There is no righteous war in the Spring and Autumn Period. Judging from the performance of various countries, they dare to do anything for the benefit, and at the same time, they show their humanity to the fullest.

12, The Battle of Qi and Jin

The battle of Qi Jinyun took place in 589 BC. At that time, Shi Ke, the ruler of Jin, used the help of Lu and Wei to send troops to attack Qi. The main battlefield is Lu, so it is called "the Battle of Lu" in history. The war ended in Kim's victory, but it greatly consumed the strength of the warring parties.

13, out of reach

Song people sent Le Ying to the State of Jin for help, and Duke Jing of Jin wanted to rescue the State of Song. Bo zong said, "no, the ancients said,' although the whip is not as long as the belly of a horse.' God is protecting the Kingdom of Chu Xiao and can't fight against it.

Although gold is strong, how can it go against God's will? As the saying goes,' heart to heart'. Rivers and lakes can hide evils and practices, mountain grass can hide poisonous insects and beasts, beautiful jade can hide flaws, and the monarch can be ashamed. This is also the routine of heaven. The king had better wait. "Duke Jing of Jin stopped sending troops.

14, cheating

Shen Zhou was sent to see Qi, saying, "Don't borrow Song's way." At the same time, send childe wind to the state of Jin, and don't let childe wind Zheng borrow the road. Shen Zhou said to him, "Zheng understands that Song was confused because he offended Song when hunting." The messenger to Jin will not be hurt, but I will be killed. The king of Chu said, "If I kill you, I will attack Song." "Shen Zhou entrusted his son Shen Xi to the king of Chu, and then set off.

Shen Zhou went to Song, and Song detained him. Huayuan, the ruling minister of Song State, said: "To cross our country without borrowing from us is to regard our land as a small border town of Chu State. To regard our country as a border town of Chu is to subjugate our country. Kill the messenger of Chu, and Chu will definitely attack us. Attacking us is also a national subjugation, and it is the same national subjugation anyway. "

So he killed Shen Zhou. Chu Zhuangwang got up and ran out when he heard the news that Shen Zhou was killed. The entourage caught up with him in the corridor of the bedroom and asked him to put on his shoes. He chased the bedroom door and put on his sword. He chased the Puxu market and let him sit in the car. In autumn and September of this year, Chu Zhuangwang sent troops to surround the State of Song.

15, Shi Jun doesn't take refuge.

In June 572 BC, at the Jize League meeting, Yang, the younger brother of Duke Jin, intervened in the ranks of Yi Weijun, and the driver in charge of military law was killed according to law. Obviously, he is very competent, but Jin Hou thinks this is an insult to his brother. He was very angry and claimed to kill Jiang Wei.

I asked Jiang Wei's boss, Captain Zuo Yang, to explain: "I joined the maharaja to add glory. Now his own brothers are bullied. Is there a greater shame than this? " I must kill Jiang Wei, go and get it back, and don't let him get away! "

The sheep tongue advised the marquis of Jin to say, "Jiang Wei cares about the monarch, has no rebellious heart, does not avoid danger when serving the monarch, and does not escape punishment when committing crimes." I think he will take the initiative to come to you to explain. Why bother you with this order? " As soon as the words were finished, Jiang Wei came over and handed the letter to the servant, ready to commit suicide with his sword. Zhang Lao, a deputy soldier of the lower army and the Chinese army, dissuaded him.

Jin Wengong read his letter and said, "In the past, the king was short of orders, so he asked me to take over Sima's position. I heard that' people in the army abide by military discipline and call it martial arts, and doing things in the army would rather die than violate military discipline and call it respect'. How dare I not enforce the military discipline and state law when you meet a vassal? There is no greater sin than the king's army being unarmed and disrespectful. I was afraid of committing a capital crime, so I was involved in Gan Yang, and my crime was inescapable.

I couldn't teach the whole army in advance, so I used an axe and hammer. I have sinned deeply. How dare I defy punishment to anger the king? Requesting to go back and die at Scott's house. "Jin Hou read the letter and came out barefoot to apologize and take responsibility for himself. Jin Hou thought that this man could "assist the people in punishing them" and took him as his post.

Jiang Wei later put forward the strategy of "harmony and tolerance" for the marquis of Jin Dynasty, which received good results. Starting from the overall situation of the country, Jiang Wei broke through the shackles of traditional prejudice and actively advocated peace and harmony, which created a precedent for the Han people to strive for the unity of ethnic minorities in the history of China. After the implementation of the policy of harmony and honor, great achievements have been made. In the words of Duke A Jin a few years later, "I taught my son and all Rongdi and China to be righteous. Eight years and nine kings, everything is harmonious. "

16, not greedy for treasure

A man in Song got a piece of jade and gave it to Zi Han, but Zi Han didn't accept it. The jade giver said, "I showed it to the jade carver. The person who carves jade thinks it is a treasure, and the villain dares to give it to you. " Zi Han said to the man, "I value the quality of not being greedy, and you value this jade. If you give me this jade, we will all lose our treasure. Let us all continue to have our own treasures. "

The person who offered the jade saluted: "I am pregnant with this jade and dare not go out. I'll hand over this treasure jade and beg it to save my life. " After hearing this, Zi Han put the jade in the village and asked the person who carved it to carve it for him, so that he could return to his original place when he was rich.

17, virtue is the foundation of the country.

When Fan was in power, the governors paid a lot of tribute to the State of Jin, and Min Zheng suffered greatly.

In February, when I went to the State of Jin, Zi Chan asked the accompanying son to take a letter to tell Fan. The letter said: "When you ruled the state of Jin, the governors of neighboring provinces didn't hear about your virtue, but they heard that you received heavy tribute, which puzzled overseas Chinese. Overseas Chinese have heard that gentlemen are in charge of the affairs of the country and doctors' families, not because they have no money or goods, but because they have no good reputation.

The princes' wealth gathered in the imperial clan of the king of Jin, but the princes were centrifugal. If we rely on these goods, Jin people will be centrifugal. The princes are centrifugal, and the state of Jin will collapse; When the people of the state of Jin dispersed, your family collapsed. Why are you obsessed with it? Where did you need the goods then? Speaking of good name, it is a tool to spread virtue; Virtue is the foundation of a country and a family. If you have a foundation, you will not collapse. Shouldn't you also be involved in this matter? With virtue, you will be happy and happiness will last forever.

In The Book of Songs Xiaoya Nanshan Youtai, it is said:' The pleasure of a gentleman is the cornerstone of the country', which means virtue! The Book of Songs Daya Daming says:' God is watching you, don't make your heart deviate', which is a good name! Show virtue with a tolerant heart, and a good reputation will bring virtue to all directions, so that people far away will get wind of it and people near will settle down.

Is it better for people to say' you really support us' than' you squeeze us to support yourself'? It is because of wealth that elephants have teeth and destroy themselves. Hearing this, Fan was filled with joy and reduced the tribute.

18, without words, it is not far away.

In the spring of twenty-five years, in retaliation for Xiao Bo's attack on Qi, Cui Xun of Qi led an army to attack the northern border of Lu. Duke Xiang of Lu was very worried and sent someone to report the state of Jin. Meng Chugong said: "Cui Zi should have great ambitions and not harm our country. He will definitely go back soon. What are you worried about? When he came, he did not plunder or abuse the people, which was different from peacetime. " The Qi army returned empty-handed and retreated.

19, Lide, meritorious service, making a statement

Fan, a doctor from the state of Jin, greeted him in the suburbs and asked Uncle Sun Bao what the ancients meant by death and immortality. Uncle Sun Bao didn't answer, and Fan asked, "My ancestors were called Tao when they came to Yu Shun, Yulong in Xia Dynasty, Qian Wei in Shang Dynasty, Tang Dou in Zhou Dynasty, and Fan after Jin dominated the Central Plains. Such a generation is probably immortal. " Sun Baoshu replied: "As far as I know, what you said is Shilu, not immortality.

Once upon a time, there was a doctor in Lu called Zang Wenzhong. Although he died, his thoughts were not abolished, which is immortal. I heard that a person's greatness is first of all moral, which is worthy of setting an example for future generations; Secondly, there are meritorious deeds, and thirdly, there are opinions, or advocacy, or writings to educate future generations. These gifts are called immortality. If we can only maintain our aristocratic status, maintain ancestral temples and attack from generation to generation, there will be such a group of people in any country. People who have been fighting for generations and are well paid are not immortals. "

20. It doesn't matter

In the spring of four years, Qi Huangong, Duke Huan of Song, Duke Xuan of Chen, Duke Wen of Wei, Duke Gong, Duke Gong, and Duke Zhao of Cao invaded Cai. Cai Jun was defeated, and Qi Huangong continued to attack Chu.

King Chu Cheng sent messengers to the army and said, "The king lives in the north and I live in the south. Even the lost cattle and horses in our two countries will not reach each other's territory. I didn't expect the king to come to our land regardless of the distance. What is the reason? "

Guan Zhong replied: "In the past, I asked Kang Gong to order our late Taigong to say,' You can conquer all the five princes and nine uncles to help the royal family. "The scope of conquest for our ancestors is east to the sea, west to the Yellow River, south to Muling and north to Wudi. You don't pay tribute to the precious hair of the royal family, which makes the sacrifice of the son of heaven lack the proper materials, and you can't invite God with wine. I'm here to plead guilty. Zhao Haoqi went to Chu and didn't go back, so I came to find out. "

The messenger replied, "it is really my monarch's fault that the tribute was not delivered." How dare you not supply it in the future? " ? As for Zhao Haoqi's absence, the King should ask the people by the water! "Zhuang ke's army moved forward and was stationed on the land.