Prajna flowers bloom prose

beam

Why was the first Buddha in Jiangnan born here?

Why did all the eminent monks and celebrities in the Jin Dynasty live here?

Why did Tiantai Sect of Buddhism originate here?

Why did the road of Tang poetry form here?

With many questions, I returned to the long river of history, stopped at the time pier more than 1700 years ago, and strolled along the banks of Tunxi in the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.

After the Western Jin Dynasty, China was divided. Five ethnic tribes in the Yellow River valley competed for hegemony, and five short-lived dynasties in the south frequently changed ... endless wars, famines, plagues, turmoil, extremely cruel and barbaric class and ethnic oppression, the Central Plains was devastated, hungry and cold, "few bones were left", "no one knows about starvation", "roads were cut off, and thousands of miles were smokeless"

In a pool of blood in the north, wars are frequent; The southern economy is developing, comfortable and rich. So a group of northerners, with their families and mouths, helped the old and the young, crossed the Yangtze River, waded over Qiantang and went upstream along the Hubei River. However, seeing "steep and beautiful mountains, silvery cliffs, full of jade", "four peaks like vultures" and "meandering slightly, wandering like Longtan" is really "six sacred places, eight generations of luxury" There is no war here, and the countryside is quiet; Beautiful scenery, towering peaks and dense forests; The water is blue and the mountains are green, and there are few people. For northerners who have suffered from war, it is undoubtedly a paradise outside the party, and it is also the slogan of "two fires and one knife can escape". As a result, the gentry in the north gate came in droves; Monks and celebrities followed.

"The mountains come from the southeast and the water goes to the northwest." Most of the mountains in the southeast extend from Tiantai Mountain. "Before the Jin Dynasty, it was a green hill". Several tributaries of the Tongxi River originate from the rooftop, flow into the Cao 'e River, and finally flow into the East China Sea. "The river goes to the foot of the mountain, and the mountain enters the rooftop, which is fascinating." Shandong South has become the turning point of "singing under the clouds".

"Southeast landscape, mostly brush for the surface, lying boat Tianmu for making. The husband has an extraordinary environment, and then there is an extraordinary human settlement. " Bai Juyi wrote down the grand occasion of that year in the Story of Wozhoushan Temple: "Since the Jin and Song Dynasties, because of the mountain, at the beginning of consciousness, there was a monk named Xitianzhu who lived in seclusion, followed by a monk named Zhu Faqian and Zhi Daolin, and then there was asceticism, prosperity, support, enlightenment, strength, far-reaching, practical, bright and knowledgeable. Gao Shi celebrities 18, including Dai Kui, Wang Qia, Liu Hui, Xu Duyuan, Yin Rong, Chi Chao, Sun Zhuo, Huan Yanbiao, Wang, He Shidao, Wang, Xie Changxia, Yuan Yanbo, Wang Meng, Wei Jie, Xie Shiwan, Cai Shuzi and Wang Xizhi. " A generation of religious and cultural celebrities will meet here; Xie Wang talent group, almost caught. During the Jin Dynasty, monks and celebrities gathered together in Shan County. The stars are bright and the clouds are steaming. It is not only the combination of social karma, but also the domination of the trend of thought of the times. They all gathered in a tiny place in the mountainous area, making this land a veritable cultural center at that time.

Luozhou Mountain, which borders Jiao Shan in the east, Tianmu in the south and Liumen in the west, is a branch of Tiantai Mountain. Before the Jin Dynasty, pine and bamboo covered the sky, covered the ground with shade, surrounded by mountains, and opened the spiritual realm in the middle. There are many orchids on the bank of the stream, and noisy birds are singing in the shade, but there are no waves, only the sound of running water. The wind and dew swayed the branches, but did not attack the fallen leaves. Tourists don't know who they are until they smell the chicken and the dog.

A group of talented Buddhists came from all over the country and set up a group of Buddhist monks in Shandong. The Dongmaoshan Monk Group headed by Zhu Qian stopped in the Xinchang metropolitan area today; The Luozhou Monk Group headed by Zhi Dun gathered in the area of Luozhou Mountain in Xinchang today. Yuan Hua Temple in Shichengshan, Xinchang, is today's Thousand-Buddha Temple because Fa Lan and his disciples Yu Fakai and Yu presided over it. The three monks are adjacent and have frequent exchanges; * * * Studying Buddhist scriptures and arguing with each other.

At that time, Indian Buddhist classics began to spread widely in China, especially the Prajna Sutra, an important classic of Mahayana Buddhism, which had a great influence. Prajna, which means the wisdom of the Buddha, belongs to Mahayana Empty Sect, also known as Mahayana No Phase, and advocates "all four are empty", "no all phases, no birth and death phases" and "imaginary numbers are untrue, without cause and without square". This is a very subtle and profound speculative philosophy, and it is also the essence of Buddhism, so the Prajna Sutra is also called the "Buddhist Mother Sutra". There are three main points: everything is a combination of karma, and its name is just a pseudonym that distinguishes other forms and is an unchangeable entity; Buddhism is beside the mirror, and Buddhism is born in the heart. For example, the hidden moon reflects flowers and the dew reflects the sun, all of which are illusions. If there is a way to do something, it will not stop for a long time. Everything will flow in the process of life and death, so nothing can be obtained and nothing can live. The Three Monks Group inherited the atmosphere of studying Prajna since the Three Kingdoms, combined Buddhist Prajna with local metaphysics in China, and founded the unique Prajna School in China.

At the beginning of the introduction of Prajna Paramita, the translation was incomplete and full of mistakes. "There are many obstacles in the road, and there are few words, and words are better than words." As a result, many people can't agree with it, resulting in different understandings of the meaning of "emptiness" and different academic schools, namely "six schools and seven schools" in the history of Buddhism in China. They delve into Prajna and explore the secluded; Interpret it in combination with Laozi and Zhuangzi. Different views are put forward on the interpretation of emptiness.

There are many ambiguities in the empty meaning of Prajna, and Yu Falan deeply feels that there are not enough scriptures. He holds the great wish that "Dafa is difficult to prosper and there are too many classics". If you learn from Yuanjiao, you will die in the evening. "He led the way to the Western Regions and became one of the earliest monks in China to learn from the West. I regret that he "went to Jiaozhou, fell ill and died in Xianglinsao" (now Vietnam). I didn't get the scriptures back like the Tang Priest, but it was a hundred years earlier than Sanzang.

Because many eminent monks study and spread Buddhism here, Shandong has become a national Buddhist research base. Monks and celebrities make friends with each other and follow closely. Talking about Buddhism (mainly Prajna) and Zhuangzi (that is, metaphysics), Taoism's "inaction" and Buddhism's "Prajna" are integrated into one furnace, and you sing and I appear, forming a speculative religious philosophy. This philosophical thought of the confluence of Buddhism and metaphysics represents the spirit of the times and lays a cultural imprint.

Zhi Dun, the founder of "Six Schools and Seven Schools", entered the village in the first year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and built temples in Wozhou and Shichengshan 10 for more than 0 years. The founders of "Knowing Han School" and "Hui Yuan School" are Yu Fakai and Yu, both of whom are disciples of the famous monk Yu Falan. They founded Yuan Hua Temple in Shicheng Mountain, which is today's Thousand-Buddha Temple. In the second year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (374), Zhu Qian, the founder of the same clan, lived in seclusion and gave lectures in Dongmaoshan for more than 30 years until his death. Zhu Fayun, one of the founders of "Heart without Sect", is Zhu Qian's high foot and has been following Zhu Qian. When Zhu, the founder of "Magic School", was the abbot of Jiaxiang Temple in Shaoxing, he studied and gave lectures in Shicheng and Wozhou. Shichengshan Temple was once an important place for him to give lectures. Among the "six schools and seven schools", only Daoan, the founder of the school, has never been to Shandong. The other founders of "Five Studies and Six Classics" are all related to Shandong, either stationed in Xijian Temple in Shandong or studying and preaching in Shandong.

They express their views, have freedom of thought and respect each other. Zhu Qian, Maoxian County in the East, founded the same school, which did not prevent his disciple Zhu Fayun from advocating infidelity. In Yuan Hua Temple, one was enlightened by Buddhism, one was enlightened by Taoism, and the other was a disciple of Fran, who was in harmony with his master and apprentice. Although the Zhongyuan Chinese Temple in Fa Kai once competed with Zhifu in Wozhou, Zhifu returned to Shicheng in his later years and made famous praise for Yu Falan and Yu. "Haze light monks, and orchid, and learn at the same time; Lan Yihui wakes up, and the light disappears with Zen. " And they don't interfere with each other in Shicheng Mountain. Yu Fakai recognized the world as a big dream; When giving lectures, Zhu Qian "either speaks freely or explains Laozi and Zhuangzi", paying equal attention to Buddhism and metaphysics; Zhi Dun also used Buddhism to explain the mystery, and noted "Enjoy Life", which was called "Zhi Li". This inclusive, tolerant and comprehensive academic fashion led Tiantai Sect to establish religion later, making it "always adhere to the concept of teaching, go hand in hand with it, break the north and south, and integrate the three religions", forming a situation of all rivers running into the sea.

We drove to the east of Wazhou to pursue the remains of the sages. I want to find the white bones first, but "but which corner of the mountain faces through such cloudy weather, how do I know?" . According to the fifth record of Liang Jiao's Three Zangs, Bai Daoyou wrote a letter to the monk, which not only expressed his leisure in the Cape, but also revealed his deep regret that he could not go with him. He said in the letter: "At first, I traveled at the foot of the mountain, and the books I understood were moved by poetry. The mountain peak took the medicine and had a good time." But it is not the same day as the first step, so I hate it. After the letter, he wrote a poem entitled: "Even the peaks are thousands of miles away, and the bamboo is ploughed. When Mautz disappears, the rooster crows. Wandering around, you will get paid everywhere. Knowing eternal life, there will be people of the emperor. There is no story here, waiting for vulgar guests. The howling came from the forest, and it was naive to come back here. "Bai Daoyou may not know, he wrote the first landscape poem in the history of China literature! The landscape in poetry is no longer the foil of the writer, but the independent subject of poetry, which is twenty or thirty years earlier than Xie Lingyun, the acknowledged originator of landscape poetry.

We heard that Zhu Daoqian's lecture platform was still there, so we came to water curtain cave Scenic Area. I saw a hole in the sky at the foot of Dongmao Mountain, and a waterfall hung on the door, bursting out and dazzling. There is a hidden platform and a stone lingyun at the top of water curtain cave, which is called Zhu Dao's statement. At that time, scholars and monks came here in droves to listen to his lectures. Zhu Qian sat on a huge rock and preached Buddhism. The sound of running water is like his frustrated words, and the golden sunshine is like his bright smiling face. People under the rocks sit still and listen to the sermon of Heaven and Man, and they are all as drunk as clay sculptures and wood carvings ... Today, there is still broken walls under the waterfall, which is said to be the residence site of Zhu Daoqian; There is a stone platform in a forest, which is said to be Zhu Daoqian's grave. Zhu sighed here: "when I came to the water curtain valley, I was most awake when I touched the flying spring;" A water curtain covered the hole, and no one could roll up the curtain hook. "

When I came out from water curtain cave to look for Xiaoling Temple, I couldn't find any remains. However, the affair about this monk is still widely circulated in eastern Shandong: Zhi Dun envied him and wanted to follow Zhu Qian to live in seclusion in eastern Shandong, and sent an envoy to buy a small ridge in Wazhou from Zhu Qian. Zhu Qian replied: "If you want to come, give it. If you buy a mountain, you won't smell it." Zhi Dun was deeply ashamed, and finally got a small ridge with no money. When he arrived in Liang Wudi, Xie An, then the prefect, wrote a letter to Zhi Dun ... I'm waiting for our meeting, one day is like a thousand years. There are many mountains and rivers here, and the environment is elegant. It can be used for recuperation, and it is not worse than Shan County in all aspects. I hope I can solve the pain of missing. "After a review, Wang Xizhi read Zhuangzi Xiaoyao, which was annotated by Zhifu, and his words were carefully chosen, which shocked the world. So I took off my clothes and lingered, reluctant to leave. However, Xie An's hard work and sincere invitation did not stop Zhi Dun from going to the village. He first went to Wazhou to build Xiaoling Temple. Then in Shicheng, Guang Qi Temple was built. Once someone gave him some horses, and he kept them carefully. Someone laughed at him for it. He replied, "I love them. I just raise them casually." He gave him two more cranes, and he cherished them even more. Soon, he said to the crane, "How can you be a plaything for your eyes and ears?" So he set the crane free. At present, there are still many traces of Zhu in the eastern promontory of Luozhou, such as "lifting Hefeng", "raising Ma Po" and "supporting Dunling".

Zhu, Zhi and Er are the four ancestors of Buddhism introduced into Zhejiang. Their study and dissemination of Prajna can be said to be the theoretical basis of Buddhism and of course Tiantai Sect.

More than a hundred years later, another master who lived in this area set off a new climax in the history of Buddhism, that is, the wise master of Tiantai Mountain National Assembly Temple. The wise men merged the Buddhism in the north and south of China at that time and founded Tiantai Sect, the first nationalized Buddhist Sect in China. Tiantai Sect established the epistemology of "one thought, three views" and "three truths" based on the theory of Prajna. This is a cognitive method that does not cling to two extremes. Prajna paramita believes that human knowledge comes from three aspects: first, all secular knowledge; One is the only knowledge that transcends secular knowledge and approaches the truth; Another is to achieve the highest understanding, that is, the wisdom of Buddha is the highest wisdom. All three kinds of knowledge come from one thought or one thought, so all three kinds of wisdom can be observed in one thought or one thought. According to the theory of "one thought and three views", the wise master put forward the understanding view of "three truths and harmony", emphasizing that nothing in the whole world remains unchanged. To understand the world, we should not only see the two sides of things, but also grasp their integrity.

At the entrance of the Great Buddha Temple in Shicheng, there is an archway of "Ancient Temple in Shicheng", and there is a couplet on the archway: "The mountains in Jin and Song Dynasties are the gateway to the rooftop; The statue of Qi Liang in Dunhuang, Yue State. " "Portal" actually means to start and lead. This is not only an affirmation of its lofty position in the history of religious culture, but also a trace back to the origin of Buddhist culture in Tiantai Mountain.

In fact, it is only 60 kilometers from Xinchang to Tiantai, a short 60 kilometers. /kloc-During 0/200 years, Buddhist masters appeared constantly, pushing Buddhism in China to one climax after another. From the interpretation of Prajna to the establishment of Tiantai Sect, the construction process of Buddhism in China seems to be concentrated in this 60 kilometers. What's even more amazing is that the wise master left Tiantai Mountain and died at the foot of Maitreya Buddha in Xinchang Buddha Temple after constructing Tiantai Sect theory, which ended the painting of Buddhist Prajna!

In October of the seventeenth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (597), the King of Jin called Zhiyi down the mountain many times. At that time, Zhiyi had "inadvertently inserted willow into the shade." He arranged things, planned the temple base and palace style of Dajiu Temple, and went down the mountain on 10 18, riding a donkey instead of walking, and climbed over the hill to Shicheng. Tired from the journey, I was out of breath and sick in Shicheng. He said to disciple Zhiyue, "Your Majesty asked me to come, but I came as promised. I know I live here, so there is no need to move forward. Shicheng is the west gate of the rooftop, and the giant Buddha is a spiritual statue. Since the place is good, it is better to use your heart in the end. " I have been ill for more than a month, and I feel heart failure, and it is difficult to recover. 1 1 February 2 1 day began to explain the aftermath: clothes and props are divided into two parts, one for Maitreya and the other for karma. He also left the Book of the King of Jin Dynasty: "Begging for Mile Miles in Yanqi County, Wangzhuang, Jin Dynasty." Gave the last care to the Shicheng Buddha. It will be released in three days, that is, at the end of 1 1 month 24. When I died, I was lying on my right side. Suddenly, the wind and cloud changed color, the sound of pines, cypresses and laurels sounded, and I entered the house like an enemy. I got up and crossed my hands, looking happy. Looking back at the waiter, he said, "Guanyin has come to pick you up. It's time to go!" " Hang your hands to the west, sit up and move. Five people, including Zhang Da, an official, saw that the stone Buddha was twice as big and the mountains were radiant, and went straight into the room.

Writing here, I suddenly realized that the original "First Buddha in the South of the Yangtze River" carved by Xinchang was to commemorate the Buddhist cultural activities in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which reflected the characteristics of the times of combining belief with thought. The wise master chose to die in front of the Oriental Buddha (597) because "Prajna is blazing in Shicheng", and finally he will come here to confess his ancestors and return to the Sect. Then, in the Tang Dynasty, it is not difficult to understand that the poet inherited the will and virtues of his ancestors and finally embarked on the road of Tang poetry.