Write a composition by imitating a unique folk house.

1. Folk houses with distinctive features: architectural features of Lahu people-Lahu folk houses built on bamboo piles are mostly built in the depths of bamboo forests and wooded hills or slopes.

Buildings can be roughly divided into two types: one is a floor-standing hut, and the other is a bamboo building on a pile. Generally, there are three houses of Lahu nationality, the middle one is a guest room, and the right corner of the door is a shrine.

Most villages in Mulengpingwu Mountain area, a building of the Yi people, are located halfway up the mountain. Building structures can be roughly divided into two categories: one is wood structure, and the "net wall" of the house is made of wood about one or two feet long and covered with boards; The second is the bamboo structure. First, twenty or thirty wooden stakes are erected on the foundation of the selected house, and a layer of wood is laid on it. These walls are surrounded by fences and covered with thatch or boards.

There is a big fire pit in the center of this house, and the whole family eats and sleeps around it. In the past, they were rarely reported I was awakened by freezing in the middle of the night, so I added some firewood to the fire pit, blew out the fire, and went back to sleep.

When building a house, if the owner doesn't prepare enough materials, people at home or in the village will automatically help make up for them. On the day of building the house, they adopted a cooperative approach, that is, the whole village stopped production and helped build the house together.

According to custom, it must be built on the same day, otherwise it is considered unlucky. The Yi people here often hang a few cow bones on their doors, indicating that this family is good at hunting and is a symbol of wealth.

The more tauren bones you hang, the braver you are and the richer you are. The houses of the Yi people in Diqing are mainly wooden bungalows and earth-walled bungalows, which are generally three bungalows with a fire pit in the middle, and two storage rooms and bedrooms on the left and right.

Opposite the house is a stable. Now, some Yi people imitate the architectural structure of Han, Naxi and Tibetan nationalities, and have unique styles.

2. Imitate the 600-word "unique folk houses" and set foot on the land where nomadic people such as Mongolia live, and you will walk into the vast and beautiful prairie, where thousands of yurts are dotted. Mongolian yurts were called Qionglu in ancient times, also known as felt tents and felt bags. Mongolian people call it Geer, and Manchu is Mongolian yurt or Mongolian blog.

In order to facilitate nomadism, Mongolian nomads created this kind of residence, which is easy to disassemble and assemble and convenient for nomadism. It has appeared since the Xiongnu period and has been in use ever since.

The yurt is circular, and the surrounding side walls are divided into several pieces, each of which is 130- 160 cm high and about 230 cm long. Several pieces are connected into a circle, which is covered with an umbrella dome and connected with the side wall. The four walls at the top of the tent are covered with felt and fixed with ropes, and a wooden frame is left on the southwest wall for installing door panels and tents. In the Han Dynasty in Mongolia, Khan and the king's tent could hold 2000 people.

There are two kinds of yurts: fixed and swimming. Semi-farming and semi-grazing also build more fixed types, and build earth walls around them to cover reeds; Most nomadic areas are dominated by swimming. Swimming can be divided into separable and inseparable types. The former is consigned by livestock, while the latter is consigned by ox cart or carriage. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the number of Mongolian immigrants increased, and Mongolian yurts remained in nomadic areas. In addition to Mongolians, Kazakh and Tajik herders also live in yurts when they are nomadic.

After listening to my introduction to yurts, do you think yurts have great historical and artistic value?

3. Imitate the 250-word composition of distinctive folk houses:

Architectural Features of Lahu Nationality —— Bamboo Building on Bamboo

Lahu people's houses are built in the depths of bamboo forests, on wooded hilltops or mountainsides. Buildings can be roughly divided into two types: one is a floor-standing hut, and the other is a bamboo building on a pile. Generally, there are three houses of Lahu nationality, the middle one is a guest room, and the right corner of the door is a shrine.

Wa architecture-Muleng bungalow

In mountainous areas, most villages are located on the mountainside. Building structures can be roughly divided into two categories: one is wood structure, and the "net wall" of the house is made of wood about one or two feet long and covered with boards; The second is the bamboo structure. First, twenty or thirty wooden stakes are erected on the foundation of the selected house, and a layer of wood is laid on it. These walls are surrounded by fences and covered with thatch or boards. There is a big fire pit in the center of this house, and the whole family eats and sleeps around it. In the past, they were rarely reported I was awakened by freezing in the middle of the night, so I added some firewood to the fire pit, blew out the fire, and went back to sleep.

When building a house, if the owner doesn't prepare enough materials, people at home or in the village will automatically help make up for them. On the day of building the house, they adopted a cooperative approach, that is, the whole village stopped production and helped build the house together. According to custom, it must be built on the same day, otherwise it is considered unlucky.

The Yi people here often hang a few cow bones on their doors, indicating that this family is good at hunting and is a symbol of wealth. The more tauren bones you hang, the braver you are and the richer you are.

The houses of the Yi people in Diqing are mainly wooden bungalows and earth-walled bungalows, which are generally three bungalows with a fire pit in the middle, and two storage rooms and bedrooms on the left and right. Opposite the house is a stable. Now, some Yi people imitate the architectural structure of Han, Naxi and Tibetan nationalities, and have unique styles.

As the saying goes, "A hundred miles of different winds and a thousand miles of different customs", I prefer different folk houses, so I searched several different folk houses on the Internet, namely: Beijing Siheyuan, Fujian Tulou, Mongolian Mongolian yurts and Jiangnan folk houses.

My personal favorite is Beijing Siheyuan. Beijing quadrangle is an ancient architectural form, which is mainly divided into four blocks: 1. Beijing quadrangles generally face south in an east-west alley. 2. It is divided into north room (main room), south room (inverted room) and east and west room. It is surrounded by high walls. 4. It is not difficult to see the culture it contains in Beijing Siheyuan. It can be seen from the quadrangles that there were quadrangles built by Beijingers at that time.

Its high walls can prevent thieves from entering. Its four rooms are spacious and bright, and even if many guests come, everyone can live comfortably without occupying space.

The hollowing around is a very comfortable yard, where you can bask in the sun and chat, which is very comfortable. Fujian Tulou is very different from Beijing Siheyuan.

Its main shape is round, suitable for many people to live in. A relatively large earth building can accommodate 200~300 people, and it is amazing that the cracks caused by the earthquake can heal themselves after a few years. Mongolian yurts have many characteristics. From the appearance, there is only one piece of cloth on its skeleton, but in fact, it is a combination of Taonao, Wuni and Hana. It is not afraid of strong winds and can be firmly tied to the ground, which is suitable for the weather in Mongolian grassland.

The houses in the south of the Yangtze River, built by the water, exude an aura, which is both elegant in the spring and the intense dragon boat race. It is really "both civil and military"! Fifty-six ethnic minorities in China have their own unique folk houses, each of which is so comfortable without losing their own national characteristics. It's really like 56 children in the motherland, all so cute and distinctive! It is said that in the 1960s and 1970s, American spy satellites took photos of China, and they were surprised to find many unknown large buildings, round or square, distributed in the mountainous areas of Fujian Province, China. After analysis, they are considered as "missile launching bases", and China's military strength should not be underestimated. It was not until the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States that Americans knew that the so-called "missile launching base" was actually a typical Hakka residence-Tulou.

After hearing this joke, I laughed it off, but my initial idea was to go to Tulou to learn about it. In order to escape the cold and humidity in Shanghai, it should be a good idea to travel to Fujian in winter. Yongding tulou is of course the purpose of this trip.

Hakka man-made earth buildings are shaded by green mountains and green waters. The train goes to Zhangping first, then transfers to Longyan, and then jumps on the CMB bound for Hukeng Folk Culture Village at Longyan Bus Station. This process sounds complicated, but because the time and place of transfer can be easily connected, the way to Tulou is not difficult at all.

The car drove out of Longyan city, and the rural scenery slowly began to improve. This is a typical hilly area. The green mountains and green waters in the sun are particularly enchanting, and the earth buildings hidden in them constantly appear in front of my eyes. When it comes to tulou, we can't help but mention the builder of tulou-Hakka.

Originally a Han Chinese in the Central Plains, he was forced to move south for various reasons such as war and famine. Thousands of years later, they traveled to Wan Li and formed the Hakka clan in the border area of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi. Hakkas are very United. Wherever they go, their families always live together.

Because most of the Hakkas lived in remote mountainous areas or deep forests, at that time, not only were building materials scarce, wolves, tigers, leopards and thieves noisy, but also they were afraid of being harassed by local people, so Hakkas built "defensive" castle-like buildings similar to earth buildings. In Fujian, earth buildings are divided into square earth buildings and round earth buildings, and round earth buildings are rare.

After I visited the most famous tulou in the folk culture village, I intuitively felt that "tulou is a shrinking city and an enlarged bunker" was described very vividly. Although the town tower has a short history, it is the most magnificent circular building in Yongding.

It has two rings, inner and outer, with a diameter of 48 meters. The outer ring is strong and tall, with four layers. The first and second floors are not open to the outside world, which is convenient for defending against foreign enemies. If the reserve is sufficient, people in the building can stay indoors for half a year. The inner ring is an imitation western-style decorated nave, which is spacious and bright. It is said that the cast railings on the second floor were shipped from Shanghai at that time. Uncle Lin, who showed me around, proudly pointed to his finger and said, "In those days, my grandfather spent 80,000 square meters to build this house."

Hakka houses are made of glutinous rice and eggs. The styles and forms of Hakka residential buildings have changed in different historical periods and different regions, including Yuan House, Weilong House, Triangle House, Zouma House and Siheyuan.

But the most representative is the dragon enclosure. Wai Lung House is a typical Hakka residential building with Central Plains characteristics. Hakka dragon house, together with quadrangles in Beijing, caves in Shaanxi, polar pillars in Guangxi and seal cutting in Yunnan, is known as the five traditional residential architectural forms with the most local flavor in China, and is called one of the five characteristics of China residential architecture by Chinese and foreign architectural circles.

According to the investigation of historians, this kind of residential building is very similar to the room type of the noble courtyard in the Central Plains, and has its historical origin. Hakka ancestors originally belonged to the Han nationality in the Central Plains, and went south to the mountainous area at the junction of Jiangxi, Guangdong and Fujian due to war and famine.

After the Hakka ancestors moved south to settle in Lingnan, they not only spread the advanced farming techniques in the Central Plains, but also maintained the traditional styles of the original buildings and houses. The overall layout of Longwei The overall layout of Longwei is a big garden. In terms of overall modeling, Longwei is a Taiji diagram.

The first half of the paddock is a half-moon pool, and the second half is a half-moon building. The joint of the two halves is separated by a rectangular open space, which is compacted and paved with concrete. It is called "Peace" (or Tang Di), and it is a place for residents to exercise or dry their clothes.

At the junction of "Heping" and the pond, a high or low stone wall is built with lime and pebbles. The short one is called "Wall Ridge" and the tall one is called "Zhao Qiang". Half Moon Lake is mainly used for stocking fish and shrimp, watering vegetable fields, storing water for drought prevention and fire prevention. It is not only a natural fertilizer warehouse, but also a natural sewage purification pool.

The second half of the building is the square main building in the middle. There are "three buildings and two horizontal buildings" and an enclosure; There are "three floors and four horizontal".

5. The 500-word composition of the northern dwellings should be modeled after the unique dwellings.

There is also a partition wall in the middle, which is a square or rectangular yard. Relax in the hutongs of Beijing and enjoy family life. The north house in the courtyard is the first room and the living room of the owner. It is composed of courtyards surrounded by houses on all sides, which is very harmonious from the east. There are quadrangles of various sizes in Beijing, which are famous at home and abroad. Naturally there is a relaxed atmosphere. The composition of quadrangles is unique, and all the doors open to the courtyard and the west.

There is a corridor between the main room and the wing room, and there are many overlapping scenes of east, south and stacked stones, but no matter how big or small, they are all places where younger generations live. Beijing quadrangles, as the main architectural form that old Beijingers have lived in for generations, came from heaven and earth behind closed doors.

There are east wing and west wing on both sides of the yard. As we all know, they are quadrangles and south wing. The gate of the quadrangle is generally opened in the southeast corner or northwest corner, and the houses in the north are surrounded by inner courtyard houses, which are usually composed of several quadrangles side by side for people to walk and rest.

Beijing quadrangle. Siheyuan is very convenient to live in; In the courtyard, an independent quadrangle surrounded by four sides in the north is built on a masonry abutment.

Its courtyard is spacious and spacious; The spacious courtyard can also plant trees and flowers, a quiet day; The enclosed house gives the quadrangle a strong privacy and is connected by a veranda. It is a combined architectural form of residential buildings in northern China. There are two or three more complicated courtyards, and the deep house compound where the rich live is bigger than other houses. Residents enjoy the beautiful scenery of nature, feed birds and raise fish, and the family lives a comfortable life. The simplest quadrangle has only one yard, and the environment is closed and quiet.

The walls of quadrangles and houses facing the street generally do not open windows and live in closed yards. Secondly, enjoy family happiness.

6. Imitate the sixth-grade Chinese composition of the People's Education Edition of the folk houses with their own characteristics. The 400-word title is Beijing quadrangle, one of the quadrangle buildings. The so-called courtyard is a courtyard with houses on all sides and four houses in the middle. This is the yard.

The quadrangles in old Beijing have one family and one house, and each family has several courtyards. The courtyard runs through the central axis, the north room is the main room, the houses in the east and west directions are wing rooms, and the south gate opens to the north, so it is called inverted seat. The family has money and a large population, so we can build two courtyards, one front and the other back, connecting the north and the south.

The design and construction of quadrangles in Beijing are relatively easy, and the materials used are also very simple. It doesn't have to be reinforced with cement, blue bricks and gray tiles, bricks and wood. Of course, wood structure is the main standard structure, which is light in weight and rarely collapses during earthquakes, indicating that quadrangles can resist earthquakes. The overall color of the building is gray-blue, giving people a very simple impression and a very comfortable life.

7. Try to imitate "unique folk houses" and write your own home. The dragon house in Guangdong, the quadrangle in Beijing, the cave dwelling in Shaanxi, the "shoulder pole style" in Guangxi and the "one seal" in Yunnan are called the five characteristic residential buildings:

The traditional houses common to Hakkas in Weilongwu, Guangdong Province, began in the Tang and Song Dynasties and prevailed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Hakkas choose hilly areas or sloping fields to build Longwei houses. Hakkas live in groups to prevent foreign enemies and wild animals from invading. Most of them will take five years, ten years or even longer to build a complete Longweiwu. There are two kinds of enclosed houses: palace style and dragon style. The layout is rigorous, paying attention to sitting orientation, primary and secondary, symmetry, balanced appearance, grandeur, elegance and solemnity, which shows the aesthetic purport of Confucian orthodox culture and the high level of architecture.

Beijing Siheyuan Siheyuan is a closed house with only one street gate outside. The closed door comes from Chengtiandi, which has strong privacy and is very suitable for exclusive residence. The quadrangle is a brick-wood structure, with purlins, columns, beams (rafters), sills, rafters, doors and windows, partition fans, etc. It's all made of wood, and the walls around the wooden shelf are made of bricks. The north room (main room), south room (inverted room) and east and west room, which are separated on all sides, are surrounded by high walls to form a quaternity. There is a yard in the middle of the yard, which is spacious. There are flowers and trees in the courtyard and goldfish in the fish tank. It is the center of the courtyard layout, and it is also the place where people walk, light, ventilate, enjoy the cool, rest and do housework.

Cave dwellings in northern Shaanxi should have started in the Zhou Dynasty at the earliest. After the Qin and Han dynasties, it developed into an all-crypt type, which is now the earth kiln. In the middle of Ming dynasty, stones were used as kiln walls. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the local people built caves modeled on earth kilns. Now there are also new caves with painted tiles and kiln surfaces. The hall and room are separated, and the upper and lower floors are more comfortable and pleasant to live in. Generally divided into earth kiln, stone kiln, brick kiln and interface kiln. Earth kiln is a loess cave dug in the mountain. Stone kiln brick kiln is a cave made of stone and brick on the flat ground. Interface kiln is a cave with a layer of stone or brick hoop kiln surface at the entrance of soil cave. This kind of cave looks neat and solid. Most caves in northern Shaanxi are built on the mountain, which occupies less land and has low construction cost. Now the average farmer can build a decent stone kiln for about 2000 yuan. The cave is sound-proof, heat-proof and heat-preservation, which is warm in winter and cool in summer. They are called "Shenxian Cave" and are the first choice at home.

Guangxi, the "polar pillar" of Guangxi, is located in the subtropical zone, with high temperature and rainy weather and humid places. Most people use bamboo to build houses, which are generally four-bedroom and three-bedroom wooden buildings with one floor and one bottom. The roof is covered with small blue tiles and surrounded by wooden walls or adobe walls. Some Dong people's houses are built on the second floor in front of the main building, and an eave is added at the horizontal waist to increase the use space under the eaves and form a spacious front porch, which is convenient for taking a nap and enjoying the cool.

Yunnan's "One Seal" The residential buildings of ethnic minorities such as Kunming, Dali and Lijiang in Yunnan are mostly square, which is called "One Seal". The building is composed of a main room and a wing, which is symmetrical and steady, square and square, with tile-topped earth walls. Looking down from the air, the whole layout is like a seal, which is self-contained and a closed residence.

8. The houses of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang can be said to be various and have different styles, but generally speaking, they can be divided into two categories: one is houses in pastoral areas and the other is houses in agricultural areas. Most of the houses in pastoral areas are mainly felt houses, and some of them are made of wood, which is closely related to their lives. This kind of house is easy to move and disassemble, which is very suitable for herdsmen to live in. Kazakh dwellings: Most of the felt houses in Kazakhstan have a history of 2,000 years, and the houses are tall. It covers an area of about 20 to 30 square meters, surrounded by circular felt walls and a circular roof. The frame of the felt house is red willow wood on the Gobi desert. Kazakhs in pastoral areas migrate at least a dozen times a year. They use felt houses in three seasons except winter. They can be built very quickly in two hours, so they are very popular with local herders. Xibe folk houses: Xibe houses are many, both nomadic and agricultural. Main room, etc. Now most Xibo people live in the main rooms, and most of these nomadic roofs have a "blowhole". Generally, there are three rooms, the east is called the East Room, the west is called the Westinghouse, and the middle is the outbuilding. People live in outhouses, and there are circular or rectangular warehouses on both sides of the yard to store food and other items. Tajik dwellings: Tajiks live in the Pamirs of the world, and their houses are relatively small. Building materials are mostly stones and turf, and the roof is covered with branches and wheat straw. The wall is thick and strong, and there is another wall around the house. There is a bigger house called "Sairan Clothes" in the wall, and there are also barns and warehouses. The interior of "Sairan Clothes" is up and down, with cooking and cooking utensils above, other articles below and houses around. In Xinjiang, China, there are all kinds of folk houses.