Appreciation of the original text of ancient art of war national defense prose

Appreciation of the original text of ancient art of war national defense prose

[Original] (Excerpt)

First national defense economics

The first introduction

Talk to Professor Frank, General Seckett.

There are two ways to get a little benefit from talking with foreigners: first, study his works, find a few questions and ask a few simple questions for him to answer. Second, I will explain my meaning and questions into a clear system, let him read them in advance and then talk to him. There are a series of comparative discussions. I know that General Sai's "A Soldier's Thought" and other works are combined with Professor Buddha's theory of kingship (anti-hegemony) to plead for Qin Shihuang. But during this short trip, I have no time to study theory. What I need is to solve the current problem. So I wrote this article and gave it to them before the appointment. As a result, General Sai was busy with illness and could only speak for five minutes, while Professor Buddha spoke twice. This article is recorded as follows:

There is not a person who studies advanced military science but feels the importance of historical research. Recently, Germany initiated the philosophy of history, and historical research became an atmosphere, which fully demonstrated the superiority of German military genius, a solid national defense cause, and indeed had an academic background. As far as China is concerned, Confucius' greatest effort is to compile a history of philosophy-Chunqiu. Whether his petty remarks are correct or not, he always tries to find a subjective direction from objective facts, so Chunqiu is an epoch-making creation of China's historical works. Because the social process is so complicated and chaotic, it is not easy to find out several key points and establish a consistent system-thus understanding the traditional spirit of a nation. China has built a new army for decades, and only knows how to ask outsiders. As a result, he only learned the fur of outsiders, because outsiders have traditional spirit that China can't learn. ) can't go deep into the national mind and adapt to the national tradition, leading to one failure after another. Part of the reason is that history is not well studied.

In ancient China, he entered the era of agricultural economy and was oppressed by nomadic people. But he can use water conservancy to weave square farmland (that is, mine field) to resist the assault of cavalry and chariots. This phalanx became the smallest unit of resistance-at the same time, it became an economic group in which Qi Xin cooperated. Therefore, China's ancient military system was incorporated into the agricultural system, so-called "combining soldiers with agriculture". There are even large-scale hunting-fruitful autumn training-or sports meetings in spring and autumn. The development of this spirit of involving soldiers in agriculture later led to the Great Wall and the Canal, which are symbols of China's national spirit.

There is a disadvantage in using the peasant's local concept as the basis of spiritual strength, that is, it is defensive in tactics and weak in aggression, but with the natural development of economic power, his aggression has become a slow natural expansion. Such as Han, Tang, Yuan and Qing Dynasty; Both the Tang Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty were at sea, so the military characteristic of China citizens is the consistency of living conditions and fighting conditions. From the rise and fall of the nations in the world, I have found a fundamental principle, that is, "those whose living conditions are consistent with those of fighting are strong, those who are separated are weak, and those who are opposed are dead." Peace and struggle in life are two different things, but according to the evolution of personnel, there is often a trend of separation. It shouldn't have been separated. Because stupid people see him as separation. The chancellor of the exchequer will have a headache when he sees the plan of the minister of military and political affairs, and he will scold the chancellor of the exchequer for refusing to give money.

Zeng Guofan was indeed a military genius in modern history, so the Xiang army was a civil war, but it was successful in terms of national character. He knew that the local concept was defensive, so the first step was to develop an offensive army. * * * told him to run a group, but he used it for training. On the one hand, he organized a group to maintain this place defensively and protect his economic source; At the same time, develop a soldier who can attack and defend. Under the condition that peaceful economic life and combat military life are separated, he can give consideration to both and make the separation consistent.

However, there is another reason why his genius can develop. This is the environment that can give him and his left and right a long-term exercise in his career. Because he fights the Taiping rebels every day, people who can't do it will actually be self-sufficient, and those who regress will naturally gain the upper hand. But now when it comes to national defense, who can take the survival of the country as a testing ground for talents?

So I said that the reason for China's recent weakness lies in the separation of knowledge and practice. People who study talk blindly, which is not suitable for facts; People who do things blindly have no ideals. So the true skill of our ancestors (that is, the consistency between economic life and combat life) has been lost.

Let me give a simple military example. Less than ten years ago, people who didn't know a word could still be bailiffs and supervisors. Naturally, they have the talent to control people, but they have no common sense. How can they hold state posts now? On the contrary, today's military instructors in Nanjing are still lifelong instructors with no direct experience.

Not only the army, but also all social undertakings have this tendency. This can be said to be the biggest shortcoming at present, so national defense construction should solve two problems in advance:

(1) How does the defense equipment cost benefit the development of national industry? We are too poor. One money should have more than two effects.

(2) How to closely communicate theory with facts? Now it's either empty talk or blind action. Blindness and emptiness are interrelated. The more empty, the more blind, the more empty.

The second introduction

Answers from General Secter and Professor Frank.

Because there is quite a lot of preparation in advance, although we have less time to talk, we can concentrate on one question. I actually got a lot of information that I didn't know before, the main points in fact. Now, for the convenience of readers, I can only combine their words as my personal narrative.

Genius, you can find an ideal new way from the present facts. In China, Zeng Guofan's group training is both military and economic. In Germany, it can be said that there is also a king Philip, which coincides with Zeng's practice. On his first day on the throne. Just open Kujimin. Some people say that he was influenced by China's philosophy. (In fact, this is not the so-called oriental culture, but an agricultural culture. Central Europe was a completely agricultural society at that time, so it was easy to feel China's philosophy. ) In Central European countries, you can understand the truth that "the people take a group of ministers, but it is not enough to seek". His army is based on mercenaries. Servants are foreign soldiers. Because the population of Prussia was only 2.5 million at that time, and the army reached more than 80 thousand. If all the able-bodied men in the state are long-term soldiers. No one can farm, and as a result, there is no salary.

Because the servant is a foreigner, he invented the educational method of "invasion from outside" in military education (Confucius taught Yan Yuan to aim at benevolence and righteousness, and not to make rash moves), that is, to soak it from a neat and serious appearance. As for unifying thoughts, the military has a way. He has always noticed the increase of national wealth. Legend has it that he wants to grow mulberry and cotton, but it is not suitable for soil. Therefore, in addition to receiving some subsidies from Britain, the Seven-Year War fought hard under the circumstances of encircling Russia, France and Austria, while the national life could still be maintained. In this regard, Frey Klandt paid no attention to saying: "You know, although Fred's military economy and solution have been completely changed now, he still left a real magic weapon as the basis of German rejuvenation. This is the inheritance of law-abiding officials (spirit and organization). With this spirit of integrity, I dare to talk about controlling the economy today. " At that time, it was easier to eliminate the disadvantages of being close to the people and being full of officials. But he can apply this spirit to the organic law, such as formulating retirement benefits, so that people will not die, but will be handed down.

The hero's legacy is not easy to inherit. But you can't blame the hero, you can only blame yourself. Habit always leads the mind to the old road and ignores the change of current facts. In the French Revolution, Napoleon came out and won battles everywhere with a group of people's armies. Officials in Guo Pu were very surprised to see this scene. Because Napoleon also got another law of military education, called "inner development." French adult men who only need patriotism and honor and self-esteem are brave, their hats may be crooked, and their military salute does not need to be neat. His spirit is completely opposite to that of Pu Jun. Not "outside", but "inside". This irregular French militia is much more numerous than Prussia.

Since there are more mercenaries, it is the least economical, and conscription is the most economical. Therefore, after Yena's crushing defeat, Cheronghos decided to implement compulsory military service.

The initial movement of modern economic reform began with ships and railways. Napoleon looked down on ships, but Mao Qi grasped the railway deeply. The principle of his converging attack strategy was formulated by the railway. It is even more powerful. The problem of Puao was solved in seven weeks. I arrived in Paris in two months. Completed the quick decision of the German strategy. Who knows that this quickness has killed people again.

Many military strategists are confused about how the national economy played a role in the war because of their preference for quick decision. But at that time, the general economists' incomplete concept of the national economy was also a reason.

1987 When Morocco went wrong, Germany was very tough. However, Britain and France secretly joined forces with other countries to deposit commercial cash in German banks. Please mention it as much as possible. At this time, the Bundesbank was not prepared, so there was a panic. Some people say that Germany's attitude has softened, which can be said to be a preview of the economic war before Europe.

During this period, there was a study on "War and Money" in the quarterly magazine Military Science published by the German General Staff. The purpose of my translation of this article is to explain the article of Sun Tzu's Art of War in the five years of the Republic of China, which was published by Oriental Magazine. It's a pity that Feng Bi met me, so I never met the society. It can also be seen that people at that time did not pay much attention to this. ) Later, there was a study on War and People's Food. For such a large military research institution, there was only one article on money and food before the war to discuss the wartime economy with the widest scope and the deepest incident. There is only one private economist, Lai Na's Financial Mobilization of German Defence Forces.

August 1 day declared war, and on August 8, Lai Tuonao put forward suggestions on controlling raw materials. So a resource bureau was set up in the Ministry of Military and Political Affairs, but the Ministry of the Interior refused. The reason is that the raw materials needed for military affairs have been contracted by the military department and businessmen, and those who fail to pay due will be punished (lose money). Controlling raw materials now will make society uneasy. Knowing that the blockade policy is successful, you can't buy anything with cash. It can be seen that it is fallacious for the mind to observe the new economic facts of war based on the world economic market at that time.

Generosity is easy to die, but it is difficult to calm down. Compulsory military service has been implemented for a hundred years, saying that the state can kill people. People understand; In the world market and commercial economy, it is said that the country can ask the people for money, but the people are not easy to understand.

The military scope has expanded to people's livelihood issues, and internal affairs have been interrupted many times. When the war is going on, it is justified to impose a certain price on the necessities of national life, and it is not allowed to increase the price; But there is an urgent need for arms and crafts. The military department did not hesitate to buy it. As a result, the factory became rich and the farmers were unlucky. Most farmers devoted themselves to factories and gave up their land quietly and secretly. Economic life has been fundamentally shaken, social imbalance has become increasingly serious, and the invincible Lord has been defeated.

The facts change too fast for the human brain to keep up. However, Professor Frank patted his knees and sighed, "Well, don't be widowed, but suffer from inequality!" "

After this painful experience, a new national defense economic thought was gradually established. How can this idea produce effective energy rate according to the actual situation, for national defense economics. The first two questions are the basis of national defense economics.

(1) The consistency between living conditions and fighting conditions is the noumenon of national defense economics.

(2) Economy is a dynamic fact, so seeking the current solution from the facts is the way to govern national defense economics.

However, this understanding has another meaning for Germany, because Germany lost a whole third of its national strength after the war. This third of the troops have been uniformly added to the enemy. If the German nation wants to strive for self-improvement, it must seek the possibility from the impossible. Some people say that a clever woman can't cook without rice, but in Germany, "cooking without rice" has become a fire of survival. If you don't cook, you will perish So there is food to cook, and there is no food to cook. Strange to say, the corner has its own way out. Their methods can be roughly divided into two types: one is to supplement material resources with manpower. There is no land, and the land is reclaimed by voluntary labor. Without oil, coal burns chemically. Even rubber fertilizer and so on. Second, adjust the enterprise with thrift, no butter, half a catty less, no chicken, one less. However, 50 million yuan to build an oil refinery and 70 million yuan to build a national road, but they boldly did it. According to general economics, some of them violate the laws of nature. But compared with Russia, it confiscated agricultural products and sold them abroad at reduced prices in exchange for cash, and bought machines for the five-year plan. Much more peaceful!

The third introduction

As can be seen from the introduction 1, the principle of national defense economics is the oldest. Our ancestors were the first people in the world to invent this principle. But this invention also experienced a painful experience, several tears of blood, worry, and then harvested something that could not be done. This is what Mencius said about the king. I have exhausted diplomatic means and tried my best to make pearls and jade coins, but I still can't escape. The so-called "poverty leads to communication", so I came up with a way to kill two birds with one stone while eating. Later, Duke Zhou expanded this method and sent them to colonize (feudalism) in droves. Lay the foundation for China people to unify the mid-summer season. According to legend, after Guan Zhong, Shang Yang, Henkel, Wei Wu, Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi, we can still understand that Qiang Bing must manage his finances first. (Read the only Hu Linyi's comment on writing under the official seal of Wei Wen in the first volume of Shi Binglue).

It can be seen from introduction 2 that this principle is the latest. Neither did Germany, once the most willing to study European military. Economics majors don't understand either. After the victory, the world's great politicians at Versailles did not know it, so in the League of Nations Covenant, if we want to maintain peace by breaking economic ties. 19 19, George Kerry Duhamel Du Monceau copied an old article about the failure of Napoleon 1809. As we all know, economic breakup can only be used in wartime, not in peacetime. Because people can forbid him to fight, but they can't forbid him to live enough. But if you can live, you can fight. Fighting and living are one thing. The revival of Germany. The possibility of Italy's development is based on this principle, but at the same time it is influenced by the Covenant of the League of Nations.

However, to solve China's current national disaster, we can't go back to ancient times or learn new things. Or find another way between the old and the new. Nowadays, from the overall situation of the world, the so-called national strength factors and economic factors are the same. ) can be divided into three types: one is "people", the other is "things" and the third is "organization" between people and things. Now the world can be divided into three groups:

There are all three in the first group, only the United States. In fact, people and organizations in America still have shortcomings. Therefore, the chief of staff of the United States complained: "If there is a war, we will send those scrap metal (referring to the current military reality) to the front line and let him destroy it. As long as we can cope with it for three months, we will win the battle." His domestic material resources (including manufacturing power and raw materials) are abundant, and because businessmen's economic liberalism is too developed, * * * can't control it. So there are some shortcomings in people and organization. But this shortcoming can be made up, because of its terrain, great manufacturing power, and the optimism and self-confidence of powerful people.

The second group, with "people" and "organizations" but "things" not fully prepared, is aimed at Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and small European countries. Here can be divided into two types:

The first kind, such as Britain and France, has insufficient domestic raw materials and can be obtained overseas. The organization of things is longer than that of people.

The second is as good as morality. There is not enough raw materials at all, and it depends entirely on people and organizations for relief.

The third group is Russia, with "people" and "things", and the organization is still not perfect.

Today, Europeans are absorbed in the supplement of things, which is the meaning of the so-called basic power potential. As for the promotion of people and organizations, it is mainly because of lack of things. So, if the method popular in Europe today is enforced in China. Its painting is impossible, restrained and unnecessary.

Today, China is still in the third group with the integration of "people" and "things" and imperfect organization. The key to China's life and death lies entirely in this "organization". This is known to those who study the history of Germany and France. The brilliance of Napoleon's military action is only a reference for today's strategists, but its administrative system has been created and maintained for a hundred years, and the nationals of the two countries have really benefited from it. The existence of this administrative system is also because those who suffered two disasters outside Germany and four chaos inside France can almost die, but they can be resurrected in less than 20 years. Therefore, China is not suffering from the lack of a new law, but from the ineffectiveness of this new law. For example, there is a strong man here. He wants to carry heavy things without a load. He wants to take things without a car. What's the use?

Today, there is no system within the administrative scope of China, such as customs, such as postal services, and a system has indeed succeeded; Although we dare not call it all-good, we can still find the context by comparing with other organs. Therefore, to talk about new construction today, it is necessary to give all public servants a certain order and security. This is the first significance.

I said that one of the most worthless popular words in China is "People are dead." . This sentence was invented after the Warring States Period. Confucius wouldn't say that politics was the only thing that kept people alive in Confucius' time. ) Every day in eat drink man woman, how can someone die? Politics used to be about people. When people die, it is never really good. Just like a large group of knowledgeable people, they are hungry and cold at home, and those who hold important positions never know when their days will be. Who has the heart to do things sincerely?

Officials are organized. In the country, it is a * * * guarantee official. Personally, it is really officials who are held hostage by * * *, and the reputation of life and property can never be separated from their posts, and then * * * can be entrusted with considerable responsibilities. Germans have a special term called "service pleasure", which is associated with responsibility. If only the minister is in charge of the official business of a yamen at present, this kind of service will never happen, and it will definitely get business. With such a long history, if we talk about the material construction in today's world, we can draw the conclusion that it will not succeed in 300 years.

Official organization is only the minimum condition. Now it will be broader and deeper to talk about the social organization of the whole country. It turns out that China is still inseparable from agricultural life, and the family system organized by agricultural living units has been destroyed. The patriarchal clan system of the Zhou Dynasty and the property passed on to the eldest son are the specimens of the agricultural spirit. Japan's civil law remains the same, so the emerging intellectuals are all inferior men. I don't know when the habit of distributing property equally appeared. The better middle class divided their land into pieces without going through the second generation. Moreover, if a family has two brothers, they either shirk or conflict with each other (Germany used to have a law restricting land division, because German civil law is also a so-called two-horse labor unit that is equally distributed to children, and farmland is the smallest unit that two horses can work in a day, and this unit is not allowed to be divided. )

So until today, some gentlemen are still attacking ethics there. Some people still want to maintain ethics there. In fact, a dead tiger has been rotting for hundreds of years. One wants to beat him with a stick, and the other wants a doctor to give him an injection. Isn't this a joke?

However, human beings always live in groups, and economic life always develops by mutual assistance, which is naturally organized. If you look closely, you can see the way of the new organization. This method is nothing more than two ways, but at the same time. One is a regional organization and the other is a professional organization.

Farmers' love for the land can be said to be the root of patriotism. According to the natural situation, the land has its own zoning, drifting with the tide, and the country is only concerned about these many important nerve knots. This nerve knot is called a strategic point in the military. At the same time, however, it must be an economic center. In China, a vast country, these nerve nodes should be directly managed by the central government, and the rest of the country might as well entrust local autonomy and be guided by the central government. Autonomous units should start with the smallest local unit. Advocating the common interests of all units and mutual assistance between units is the guiding principle of * * *.

Professional organizations should be based on the inherent trade associations: (1) All industries should have the business of joining the associations. (2) Industries must be classified by country, and the number should not be too large. (3) The clerk of a trade association is elected by the trade, and the secretary-general is elected by the central government. (4) The local secretary-general should be subordinate to the National Supreme Economic Conference.

"If a worker wants to do a good job, he must sharpen his tools first." At present, our "tools" are not perfect, but if we want to copy foreign blueprints immediately, it will be useless and various dangers will occur in the local area. But the economy and national defense are naturally worldwide, so everything should be done in accordance with foreign methods. It should be suitable for China's national conditions and the world. China, known as "organizational genius", and foreign pro-Napoleon is a model.

[Appreciation]

On national defense, by Jiang Baili. Jiang Baili (A.D. 1882- A.D. 1938), named Zhen Fang, was a famous military theorist in Ninghai County, Zhejiang Province. He has been studying military theory seriously all his life. Among a large number of insightful military works, The Theory of National Defense is his masterpiece. This book is a compilation of his important articles on national defense, economy, politics, military and culture since the late World War I, and was compiled and published by Lushan Military Training Corps on the eve of the Anti-Japanese War. There are ***7 articles in the book, with about 654.38+ 10,000 words. In all kinds of articles, he absorbed the essence of China's ancient military thought and western new military theory, and put forward many targeted ideas on building China's national defense.

National defense theory pays attention to the connection between national defense construction and people's life and adapts to national tradition. At the beginning of the book, it is clearly pointed out that a nation has its own characteristics and traditions. Without studying history and understanding its own traditions, it is impossible to build a strong national defense. He said: "China has created a new type of army for decades, and only knows how to consult foreigners. As a result, it only learned the fur of foreigners (because foreigners have traditional spirit, which China people can't learn), and it can't go deep into national psychology, adapt to national traditions, and even fail one after another. Part of the reason is that history is not well studied. " He believes that the most important thing in the traditional national defense spirit of our nation is the consistency of living conditions and combat conditions, that is, the so-called "combining soldiers with agriculture." China's ancient military system was embedded in the agricultural system from the beginning. A square minefield is not only an economic organization, but also the smallest military unit, which can not only farm and eat, but also send troops to fight. It is a national defense system with both military and production tasks. This system started from Duke Zhou and passed through Guan Zhong, Shang Yang, Han Zu, Wei Wu, Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi. He thought that Zeng Guofan's Xiang army was a civil war, but it was successful in terms of national character. On the one hand, he organized group training to cultivate private armed forces, and at the same time cultivated land to maintain his own economic source, so that when peaceful economic life was separated from wartime military life, the separation became consistent. He said: "I found a fundamental principle in the rise and fall of nations in the world, that is,' those whose living conditions are consistent with those of fighting are strong, those who are separated are weak, and those who are opposed are dead. "This is the famous principle he put forward in the book, and it is also the basic idea throughout the book. He believes that the compulsory conscription system retains the military tradition of being a farmer in peacetime and a soldier in wartime in ancient countries, and has the advantages of raising fewer soldiers in peacetime and using more soldiers in wartime. If you spend a lot of money to raise troops in peacetime, the economy will be affected and the foundation of the country will be shaken.

National defense theory holds that learning military theory must pay attention to the new trend of world military. He introduced ludendorff's Total War, a German bourgeois strategist, and thought that in the future war, all the territories of the belligerent countries would become battlefields, and the participants were not only the army, but also all the people. This view reveals the new characteristics of war and attracts the attention of the international military community. Jiang Baili pointed out that the future war will not only be a "military battle", but a "desperate struggle between people", and the war will not be a short-term conflict between them, but a long-term race between them. He divided the manpower, material resources and organizational strength of the major countries into three categories, and thought that China belonged to the category of people and things, mainly because of its weak organizational strength. Therefore, he believes that the most urgent task in mobilization preparation in China is how to strengthen organizational strength, which is the key to survival. He introduced the famous Italian strategist Du Hei's Cybernetics in the Air. Du Hei believed that "the power of weapons always determines the way of war", so the appearance of a brand-new weapon plane subverted the concept of war for thousands of years. Jiang Baili praised this new theory of war as "the dawn of a new strategy". But he also pointed out: how to win the future war can be said that the army is strong and useless, the navy is useless, and the air force is brave and useless; The key to future success will be found by land, sea and air. Jiang Baili's insight at that time was commendable.

The national defense theory emphasizes that the purpose of building the army is to resist foreign aggression. The fourth chapter of the book points out that war is the result of political conflict, and the army is the tool of war, serving the implementation of the national political strategy. He summed up the relationship between national politics, strategy and army building as follows: "Therefore, politics decides strategy and strategy decides army." He said: "When you start running the army, the first thing is to choose the enemy." It is not clear why the army was built, who to fight with and why to fight. Training is not only useless but also harmful. "Fighting without soldiers is the most dangerous. Managing soldiers without fighting, especially out of control. " This remark is aimed at the phenomenon that he is good at infighting and afraid of defending outside since the end of the Qing Dynasty. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, when talking about this viewpoint with Ta Kung Pao reporters, he once again stressed that training should have the purpose of fighting first, and the trained soldiers are good soldiers.

The theory of national defense advocates that correct strategic policies should be formulated according to the situation of both sides. Mr. Jiang Baili pointed out against some people's wrong views: "Incorrect foreign ideas are harmful to the country, which can be divided into cowardice and hypocrisy. Cowardice regards the power of outsiders as absolutely irresistible, and China has no choice but to sink forever; I am ignorant, but I think it is helpful to listen to two or three things, please others, and deceive myself. " The result of cowardice is laziness, and the result of virtual correction is arrogance. He believes that these two incorrect concepts must be overcome, otherwise, it will affect our formulation of correct strategic guidelines. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression predicted that the enemy might March. Starting from the fact that the enemy was strong and we were weak, he advocated the strategic policy of sustained fighting. He said: "The only way for us to defeat the enemy is to do the opposite. I rely on it for a long time, making it exhausted; His strength center is on the first line, and we are on the second line, making it useless for a while. " Prepare to make a lasting deal with the enemy. When talking about the persistence of strategy and the quick decision of campaign tactics, he said: our national defense deployment depends on persistence, and the fighting spirit depends on quick decision. Seemingly opposite, but actually complementary. If you blindly rely on persistence and forget the quick decision, or blindly focus on the quick decision, no matter how long you persist, it will lead to failure. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he wrote the article "Quick Decision and Endurance", proposing that "Quick Decision is necessary for the purpose of persistence", and he stressed that we should resolutely fight, otherwise we will be complacent. He said that strength does not necessarily end in strength, and weakness does not necessarily end in weakness. In modern national defense forces, tanks and artillery are of course important, but fighting ambition is particularly important. With a firm will to fight, material deficiencies can be gradually supplemented and political shortcomings can be gradually improved. Fighting the ambitious Japanese army will surely win the final victory from the arduous struggle.

"On National Defense" attaches importance to cultivating new conscious discipline in the army. It is believed that due to the development of modern military technology and military art, it is especially necessary to have new conscious discipline. He believes that the real meaning of discipline is "consistency". The essence of military education is to seek the consistency between man and weapon. The unity of soldiers and soldiers, army and army, army and country can truly achieve spiritual unity. This is the best army. He has a unique understanding of Yue Fei's "wonderful skill and single heart". He believes that the word "one heart" should be used as a verb, not an adjective, so this sentence can not be understood as saving the heart of a manager, but unifying the hearts of all people, and we should not attach too much importance to the word "heart" and despise the word "one". He also explained from the use of soldiers that people are fighting for themselves, especially the need for discipline and consistency. He said that during the French Revolution, Napoleon led a group of people's armies with short training time and defeated veterans who had been trained in many European countries for twenty or thirty years, relying on conscious discipline and self-help. In modern warfare, the more advanced and complicated weapons are, the more we need to consciously abide by discipline. This kind of discipline is not maintained by punishment or emotion as in the past, but by education to stimulate their patriotism and make everyone willing to sacrifice for the country. He believes that cultivating the patriotism of the whole army and achieving a high degree of organizational discipline are the basis of spiritual education.

In the early days of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Japanese invaders were arrogant and trapped in Northeast China, North China, Shanghai and Nanjing. At the most dangerous time of the Chinese nation, a national subjugator said, "China's weapons are not as good as human beings, and the war of resistance will fail." Various pessimistic arguments echoed in the Kuomintang-controlled areas. Jiang Baili angrily published his "On National Defense". The first sentence on the title page is: "A thousand words, just tell everyone one sentence, China has a way." He analyzed the natural conditions, historical conditions and political, economic, diplomatic and military aspects of China and Japan, and came to the conclusion that Japan will lose and China will win. It has made indelible contributions to promoting the anti-Japanese national self-defense war.

Because this book is compiled, it is inevitable that the old and the new are mixed and lacking in strict systematicness. In particular, the beautification of Mussolini and the German fascist army and the misunderstanding of Marxist theory of class struggle are all dross.