About 4 words about Zhuge Liang in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

Zhuge Liang (181-October 8, 234), born in Yangdu, Xuzhou (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), was an outstanding politician, strategist, diplomat, writer, calligrapher and inventor of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period.

In his early years, he went to Jingzhou with his uncle Zhuge Xuan. After Zhuge Xuan's death, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong, Xiangyang. After Liu Bei visited the cottage, Zhuge Liang was invited, and Sun Lian resisted Cao, and Cao Jun was defeated in Battle of Red Cliffs. Formed the trend of the three kingdoms, and seized Jingzhou.

in the 16th year of Jian' an (211), Yizhou was captured. Then he defeated Cao Jun and won Hanzhong. In the first year of Zhangwu in Shu Dynasty (221), Liu Bei established the Shu-Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the prime minister to preside over the state affairs.

Liu Chan, the queen of Shu, succeeded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was made the marquis of Wuxiang, leading Yizhou as a shepherd. Diligent and cautious, big and small political affairs must be handled personally, and rewards and punishments are strict; Alliance with Dongwu to improve relations with all ethnic groups in southwest China; Carry out the policy of reclaiming farmland and strengthen combat readiness. Before and after six northern expeditions to the Central Plains, most of them used grain to do nothing.

eventually, due to overwork, he died in Wuzhangyuan (now in Qishan, Baoji, Shaanxi) in the 12th year of Jianxing, Shu, at the age of 54. Liu Chan made him a loyal marquis of Wu, and later generations often called Zhuge Liang by marquis of Wu. Because of its military ability, the Eastern Jin regime made him the King of Wuxing.

representative works of Zhuge Liang's prose include "A Teacher's List" and "A Book of Commandments". He once invented the wooden ox, the Kongming lantern and so on, and transformed the crossbow, called Zhuge Liancrossbow, which can hit all targets with one crossbow. Zhuge Liang, a representative of loyal ministers and wise men in China traditional culture, devoted himself to his life and died.

Extended information:

Introduction to Zhuge Liang's story in Romance of the Three Kingdoms:

1. Borrowing arrows from a straw boat

Zhou Yu was very jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent. One day, when he was discussing military affairs, Zhou Yu proposed that Zhuge Liang should make 1, arrows. Zhuge Liang promised to build it in three days and made a written pledge to fulfill a military order. Zhuge Liang later asked Lu Su to help him borrow a boat, a sergeant and a straw handle.

On the third day, Zhuge Liang asked Lu Su to fetch the arrow. On this day, the fog was all over the sky, people could not be seen clearly on the opposite side, and it was still not bright. Zhuge Liang ordered the ship to sail and let the sergeant beat drums and shout.

Cao Cao only asked the crossbowman to shoot arrows at the incoming ship, and both sides of the ship were full of arrows. Zhuge Liang ordered him to return to the division, and it was too late for Cao Cao to chase him. 1, arrows were "borrowed", and Zhou Yu sighed after learning about the process of borrowing arrows: I am really not as good as him!

2. Debate over Confucianism

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao relied on the emperor to make princes, and most of the more powerful warlords were wiped out by him, but Liu Bei and Sun Quan still had the possibility to grow and develop. Cao Cao knew that it was still difficult to annex these two forces at once. Therefore, Cao Cao sent people to Soochow with his letters, trying to join hands with Sun Quan to destroy Liu Bei.

Most of Sun Quan's advisers advocated lowering Cao to protect himself, and only Lu Su advocated uniting Liu against Cao. However, Lu Su knew that it was difficult to convince Sun Quan and the civil servants of Soochow, and specially invited Zhuge Liang to be a lobbyist.

Lu Su introduced Zhuge Liang to a group of advisers in Dongwu. These people are not ordinary people, but all of them. They are all learned people. Zhang Zhao, the first counsellor of Dongwu, first made an attack, saying: I heard that Liu Bei had visited your home three times before I invited you out of the mountain, thinking that having you was like catching water for a fish, and I wanted to seize the nine counties of Jingxiang as a base. But Jing Xiang has been obtained by Cao Cao. What do you have in mind?

Zhuge Liang thought to himself that if Zhang Zhao was not stumped first, there would be no way to persuade Sun Quanlian and Liu Kangcao. Zhuge Liang said: it was easy for Liu Bei to take Jingxiang's territory, but he didn't have the heart to seize the inheritance of the same clan, so Cao Cao took advantage of it.

Now that we are stationing troops in Jiangxia, we have other grand plans. How can the idle people know this? In national affairs and social security, people with real talents and practical knowledge should come up with good ideas.

people who talk, however, sit and talk, but when something happens, they can't come up with a solution, and they can only be laughed at by the whole world. In a word, Mr. Zhang was speechless.

Later, a counselor asked: Cao Cao stationed a million troops, and there will be thousands of troops. If you say you are not afraid, brag. Zhuge Liang replied: Liu Bei retreated to Xiakou, waiting for an opportunity, but Dongwu soldiers were well-fed, and there were natural dangers in the Yangtze River to defend, but they advised Sun Quan to surrender to Cao, which was a shame to you.

One by one, the advisers of Dongwu challenged Zhuge Liang, and there were as many as seven of them, all of whom were refuted by Zhuge Liang.

3. Chop Ma Su with tears

Zhuge Liang summed up the lessons of the defeat in this war and said sadly, "It was wrong to use Ma Su." For the sake of serious military discipline, Zhuge Liang ordered Ma Su to be dismissed from his post and put in prison, and beheaded in public.

Before his execution, Ma Su wrote to Zhuge Liang:' The Prime Minister treats me like a son, and I treat him like a father. This time, I violated the festival, which led to defeat, and the military order was unbearable. The Prime Minister beheaded me to warn future generations that I deserved it and died without complaining. I just sincerely hope that the Prime Minister can take care of my family, wife and children in the future. So I will be relieved when I die. "

Zhuge Liang saw it, and his eyes were full of mixed feelings. He wanted to cut off the generals who had valued and appreciated him very much, and his heart was like a knife. However, if we violate the military law and avoid his death, we will lose the hearts of all people and fail to realize the grand aspiration of unifying the world.

So he choked back his grief and reassured Ma Su that he would take his son as his adopted son. Then, all the soldiers of the army were shocked.

Baidu encyclopedia-Zhuge Liang