What are the biographical materials of Goethe?

Life experience Goethe was born in a wealthy citizen's family in Frankfurt Town (now Hesse) on August 28th, 749. He studied law at Leipzig University and Strasbourg University and worked as a lawyer for a short time. When he was young, he dreamed of becoming a famous painter. While painting, he also began to create literature. But when he saw the works of famous Italian painters, he felt that no matter how hard he tried, he could not compare with those masters, so he began to concentrate on literary creation. 1775- 1786 in order to improve the real society, he applied for an official position in the principality of Weimar, but nothing was achieved. 1June 786 went to Goethe \x0d\ Italy to concentrate on natural science. Engaged in painting and literary creation, 1788 returned to Weimar and served as theater director. Goethe was the main leader of the German hurricane movement. His works are full of rebellious spirit of turbulent movement. He has made great achievements in poetry, drama and prose. His major works include the drama Goetz von Berichengen, the novella Young Werther, the unfinished poetic drama Prometheus and the prototype of the poetic drama Faust, in addition to writing many lyric poems and commentary articles. In the first ten years of Goethe's stay in Weimar, Goethe was busy with affairs and seldom wrote. After arriving in Italy, he successively completed some works that he had started, including Iphigenia in Taliz and Egmont, as well as some chapters in Tasso and Faust. Goethe's creations in his later years are extremely rich, such as autobiographical works Poetry and Truth, Travels in Italy, novels Affinity and William Meister's Roaming Times, lyric poetry collection and the second volume of Faust, which were completed shortly before his death. These works show Goethe's thought of attaching importance to practice and affirming to work for human happiness, indicating that the positive factors in his thought have increased compared with the previous period. The completion of the second part of Faust highlights Goethe's new development in thought and art in his later years. 1832 On March 22nd, Goethe passed away. His last words were: "Give me more lights." This reflects his optimism as a great writer. Goethe is the most outstanding representative of German national literature. His works have raised German literature to the advanced level in Europe and made great contributions to the development of European literature. \x0d\ Childhood family experience \x0d\ In Goethe's mind, father is strict and serious. Goethe's mother comforted, protected and inspired Goethe with tender and considerate maternal love different from his father, which made him have a strong interest in studying happily and consistently, and tried her best to cultivate Goethe's ability to correctly understand literature. When Goethe was a child, his mother often put him on his lap and told him all kinds of interesting stories. Mother's language expression ability is very strong and her vocabulary is very rich. Goethe is often fascinated by it. Perhaps it is this gift inherited from his mother that Goethe is always famous for knowing all kinds of funny jokes among his friends. After Goethe came of age, his mother was still his partner to discuss his creation with him. At the same time, his mother also played a role in stimulating his creative enthusiasm. The mother must read everything about her son's works and always give appropriate comments. Goethe said with deep feelings: "From my father, I got a strong body and an upright outlook on life, while from my mother, I inherited her optimistic personality and language expression ability." \x0d\ "Beautiful Monster \x0d\ Goethe came into contact with Shakespeare when he was studying in Leipzig. He first came into contact with Selected Works of Shakespeare, which Goethe later thought was the happiest period in his life. Shakespeare's plays greatly expanded Goethe's spiritual vision and made him feel that he had a major theme to write, which could not be expressed on a narrow stage, but only in a short time suitable for simple drama. After reading Autobiography of Gotz published by 173 1, he found his ideal figure in this knight. He decided to make a historical treatment of the relevant materials, and at the same time, he wanted to give full play to his artistic imagination, so that the drama could transcend the limitations of the stage in form and strive to make the plot vivid. After Goethe was written, Goethe found his friend Merck and showed him the manuscript. Merck appreciated it and spoke highly of it. At the end of the year, Goethe sent it to Herder, who gave him some harsh opinions. So Goethe modified (basically rewritten) the play, and the rewriting was completed in 1733. The rewritten version of Gotz reveals the inner conflicts of the main characters in the play more deeply, and focuses on portraying the image of knight Gotz as a self-rescuer, instead of focusing on the spontaneous and powerful struggle of the oppressed peasants as in the first draft. As soon as this work came out, it immediately caused a sensation in Germany, became a major event in the literary world, and caused a wide and huge response. Welland described it as a "beautiful monster" and then pointed out: "If only we had more such monsters. "\x0d\ Faust \x0d\ Faust is a poetic drama with lines of1211. It is Goethe's main masterpiece. The first draft began in 1768, the first article was published in 1808, and the second article was published in 1832. It took 60 years to complete. Goethe once said that his life's creation was only "a fragment of great repentance", and Faust's Unconsciousness is the most typical and important one of these fragments. There is no coherent plot in the whole play, but it is based on the development and change of Faust's thought. This immortal poetic drama, with German folklore as the theme and Faust \x0d\ as the social background of Germany and Europe since the Renaissance, depicts a new bourgeois senior intellectual who is dissatisfied with reality and tries his best to explore the meaning of life and the ideal life path of society. It is a poetic drama that perfectly combines realism and romanticism. This poetic drama mainly tells the story that the master Faust signed a contract with the devil Mephistopheles to mortgage his soul to the devil in order to seek a new life, and the devil must meet all the requirements of Faust. If one day Faust feels satisfied, then his soul belongs to the devil. So, Mephistopheles used magic to give Faust a strange experience. He has tasted the ups and downs of love. He showed his ability to govern the country, made great achievements on the battlefield, and wanted to build a paradise on earth on the beach ... Just as he was intoxicated with his vision for a better future, he couldn't help but say that he was satisfied at that time. In this way, the devil will take away his soul. At this moment, the angel came and saved Faust's soul. Faust is grand in conception, complex in content, huge in structure and changeable in style. It combines realism and romanticism, and combines real description with unconstrained imagination, contemporary life with ancient myths and legends. He is good at using the method of contradiction and contrast to arrange scenes, assign characters, sometimes be harmonious, satirize and praise, have various forms and mottled colors, and reach a very high artistic realm. \x0d\ Young Werther's Trouble \x0d\ 1774 During the four weeks from early February to March, Goethe finished the epistolary novel "Young Werther's Trouble" in one breath. The Trouble of Young Werther is full of the love and hate of young people in the era of "charging from the front" in Germany, the yearning for a better life and the accusation against the decadent society. Victor in the book is a teenager who is good at poetry and painting, pure and affectionate, and loves nature. He came to a secluded village, completely immersed in the life of nature, like a butterfly, swimming in the fragrant sea. Young Werther's troubles \x0d\ contact with children and civilians made him more happy and naive. Soon, he met a lively young girl Charlotte at a dance and fell in love with her at first sight. But Charlotte is engaged and can't give her love to Victor. In July, Charlotte's fiance came back, and Victor finally woke up from a sweet dream. He wanted to leave. So, Victor coaxed himself, lingering, reluctant to leave. However, his previous pure natural interest no longer exists; Thought began to contradict, and emotion and reason began to conflict. He is aware of his contradictory situation, but he has no detached power. He has thought of suicide. Here, the author describes a rebel's inevitable life feeling of getting rid of all the shackles of the times. Progressive intellectuals are encouraged because this book describes one of them. After the publication of young werther, Goethe became a writer praised by the whole world. \x0d\ Song of Thursenheim \x0d\ Goethe's teaching from Herder is profound. It was this event that showed a new world in the field of poetry-folk songs. Held collected and excavated the treasure house of folk literature extensively, and published 1778 and 1779, The Voices of People of All Nationalities. Under the influence and encouragement of Herder, Goethe also began to collect folk songs around Strasbourg. The contact with folk songs made Goethe's poetry creation in this period undergo fundamental changes, especially his lyric poetry creation in this period laid a solid foundation for him to become a great German poet in the future. Among them, the most prominent are A Journey to Thursenheim and Song of Thursenheim. In his poems, he breaks away from convention and expresses his feelings directly to readers. He adopted a stepped structure: after praising the spring, vibrant and flowery nature, the poet prayed for love, which, as the supreme law, proved that nature is "constantly striving for self-improvement". In view of the outdated norms of German citizens' love life and marriage life determined by the economic base, he called for the supremacy of love, declared that lovers were morally equal, and pointed out the social significance of this love relationship. The structure of ode and the form of folk songs are combined into a new lyric poem, which is unprecedented in German poetry. Editing this friendship between Goethe and Schiller \ x0d \ 65438+1One day in late July, 994, Goethe and Schiller had a frank talk. The friendly and active atmosphere has eliminated some misunderstandings and psychological barriers between the two sides and attracted each other. Goethe began to admit: "Schiller's attraction is enormous, and he holds everyone close to him tightly." A week later, the two poets met again in Jena. This conversation is no longer about natural science, but about literature and art-both of them exchanged views on their own creation, theory and the current situation of German literature, which surprised Schiller. After this conversation, Schiller wrote a letter to Goethe. In this letter, Goethe's mental journey was incisively and vividly analyzed by sharp eyes. At that time, no one had made a profound and accurate evaluation of Goethe like him. In the letter, he also talked about his weaknesses. Finally, Schiller expounded the possible agreement between the two sides and pointed out the possibility of Goethe writing for his new magazine. Goethe said in his reply: "This week is my birthday. For my birthday, nothing can make me feel happier than your letter." Then, he also expressed his desire for future cooperation between the two: "... we all know where we are now, so that we can continue to cooperate with each other." Since then, Goethe warmly invited Schiller to visit Weimar's home, and worked out a cooperation plan aimed at prospering national culture. As a result, the two poets began fruitful cooperation, which brought Goethe a "new spring" and a new era of prosperity to German literature. \x0d\ Goethe and Beethoven \x0d\ Ludwig van Beethoven, a German genius musician, is 265,438+0 years younger than Goethe. In his youth, he had read Goethe's Goethe and The Trouble of Young Werther, and Goethe's lyric poems aroused his creative desire again and again. In 65,438+0810, Beethoven wrote for Goethe. 1811April 12, Beethoven wrote a letter to Goethe. The letter poured out my admiration for the poet and hoped to hear my views on Egmont's music. On June 25th, Goethe wrote back, expressing the hope that the tragedy written by Beethoven could be staged in Weimar, believing that it would bring happiness to himself and Beethoven's admirers. 18 12 In the summer, Beethoven and Golder both came to Tpulitzer in Kabut. Beethoven had been here for a week when Goethe arrived, but he didn't know Goethe was coming. Goethe took the initiative to see Beethoven, so the two great men met. That night, Goethe wrote to his wife and said, "Of all the artists I have ever met, no one is more dedicated, persistent and sincere than him." Goethe respected Beethoven's personality and talent, but he could not understand Beethoven's cynical revolutionary spirit. For Beethoven, Goethe let him feel a little disappointed. The poet is just a social worker who pays great attention to etiquette. He is very gentle and never wants to talk. Beethoven expected beautiful criticism and rational criticism, and Goethe didn't say a word. He felt that Goethe he met this time was a far cry from the author of young werther and Goethe in his imagination. [ 1]