Sports has nothing to do with politics. This is a joke.

The reason why sports are detached from politics is that sports have nothing to do with politics itself, which is wrong.

Sports and politics are closely related. First of all, we should look at the relationship between sports and politics, what kind of relationship exists between sports and politics, how to treat this relationship, and what is the prospect of the relationship between sports and politics. These are all important questions that sports and politics must study and answer.

Since 1950s, scholars in the fields of sports sociology and sports theory in different countries have studied the relationship between sports and politics from different angles and put forward their own views. This paper makes a brief comment on the relationship between sports and politics in order to help further study the relationship between sports and politics.

1 the relationship between sports and politics and its performance

1 1 Is there a connection between sports and politics?

From 1950s to 1970s, there were two completely different views on whether there was a connection between sports and politics. One view is that sports are closely related to politics. 1954 Karishev, an expert from the former Soviet Union [1], put forward the viewpoints of "the class nature and historicity of sports" and "the development of sports goes hand in hand with the development of society, and class society always has class nature" in China. In the 1960s, Chinese scholars put forward that "physical education is a part of cultural education and a part of adapting to various social and economic foundations." [2] "Sports belong to the category of social superstructure." [3] In the 1970s, scholars of the former Soviet Union further pointed out clearly: "Sports include the ideological struggle between socialism and capitalism. It cannot be independent of the political category. " [4] Another view is that sports has nothing to do with politics. In the 1950s and 1960s, some western sports sociologists and politicians insisted that sports had nothing to do with politics, and put forward that "sports are super-political" and "sports are non-political" [5] "When you cross the threshold of sports, you leave politics outside." [2] "Exercise is an end in itself." [4] Sports is a "free" and "self" activity, denying the connection between sports and politics.

Since 1970s and 1980s, western sports sociologists began to give up the idea that sports have nothing to do with politics in the face of the fact that sports are closely linked with politics. Some scholars clearly put forward that "sports is a part of politics, and sports politics is an integral part of sports." [5] They tried to demonstrate the correctness of the theory of "achieving society" through sports, that is, to prove the superiority of capitalist society. 1980 American "physical education teacher" pointed out: "The Olympic Games has always been for politics, and politics and international sports are inseparable." [4] To this end, some scholars put forward that discussing political and sports issues is the central task of sports sociology.

1.2 the relationship between sports and politics

Most scholars think it is an interactive relationship. For example, American sports sociologists Roy and Kenneth [6] believe that "the relationship between sports and politics is a systematic interaction, that is, the two systems of sports and politics interact and influence each other." China scholar Zhou Xikuan and others [7] pointed out: "Once sports is formed, it has a relatively independent development track and its own development law. However, the history of sports shows that sports, like other human activities, has never been an isolated social phenomenon. Its development is restricted by the economy, politics and culture of a certain society, and its law is reflected in the interaction with various societies. Judging from the relationship between sports and politics, the influence of politics on sports is related to the historical development stage, both directly and indirectly. At the same time, sports also actively serve certain society and politics through its special role. "

1.3 the restriction and influence of politics on sports

China scholars believe that politics restricts sports in two aspects-mastering the leadership of sports and restricting the nature of sports. Teng Zijing and others [8] pointed out that the restriction and influence of politics on sports are mainly manifested in "after entering the class society, which class has mastered the political power, at the same time, it is bound to master the leadership of sports. According to the requirements of the political and economic systems at that time, the principles, policies and systems of sports are formulated, the objectives and tasks of sports are determined, and sports organizations and leaders are established accordingly, so that sports can serve the interests of the ruling class." Cao Shouhe [9] believes that politics "affects the nature and development direction of sports, mainly reflected in the social and political system, national policies and decrees, and the habits and hobbies of the ruling class." Zhou Xikuan and others [7] think that "political needs can restrict the purpose and nature of sports. The political system restricts the development of sports. " Some foreign scholars believe that there are two forms of political restrictions on sports: "one is direct intervention, using sports as a means of political propaganda;" Means of resuming and cutting off international exchanges; Means to improve national self-confidence and national spirit. Second, indirect intervention, taking sports as a means of socialization; Means of social safety valve; A specific social group as a means of social movement. " [ 10]

1.4 the reaction of sports to politics

As an organic part of society, sports is not only restricted by politics, but also as a relatively independent and influential social activity, which has an important reaction to politics. Zhou Xikuan and others [7] expounded the role of sports in politics from a macro perspective, including "improving and promoting relations between countries and enhancing friendship;" Improve the status of the country and show the superiority of the national system; Enhance the national spirit and strengthen patriotism education; Cultivate talents needed by the country and create a stable social environment; Ideological interaction with superstructure. "Tang Honggui [1 1] analyzed the role of sports in politics from both micro and macro levels." From the micro level, people are pursuing physical fitness, leisure and spiritual pleasure, but also realizing the vision of physical and mental development, pursuing life values and ideals, and striving for life goals. In a word, they seek individual socialization. From a macro point of view, politics regulates people's social morality and behavior, changes people's social concepts, changes people's lifestyles and makes society stable and harmonious through its own role' field' and special means of sports activities. "Pan et al. [12] put forward the role of sports in political integration from the perspective of politics." Promote individual socialization through sports, realize political socialization, instill certain political values, and cultivate concepts and norms consistent with the existing political system; By participating in sports activities together, people of different classes can increase exchanges and communication, find opportunities to create a good image for * *, and promote vertical political integration; Provide reasonable and controllable channels to eliminate social setbacks through sports and play the role of social safety valve; By establishing the image of athletes in sports, it conforms to the ideological mode of modern politics; Take sports competitions as the best media to promote the horizontal political integration in the process of national reconciliation, unity and reunification; Through sports, the national image is symbolically reflected, which produces a strong sense of resonance and coexistence and promotes domestic political integration. "Laing Strom, Secretary-General of the International Sports History Committee [13] pointed out:" The significance of sports in the political field is not only reflected in a country, but also in the interaction between countries. Sports can realize political socialization in the national political system, just like its role in the international arena. "American scholar Bennett and others [14] pointed out after a lot of comparative studies:" Although the expression of the movement itself is politically neutral, it has no obvious political appearance. However, the results and achievements of the competition can be politically explained and painted with political color; In this complex society, sports make itself a social force in many aspects; Sports is a means of political socialization; Sports can promote political integration; Sports is a tool to instill political philosophy in young people and the public; Sports can be used to reflect the national image and increase the vitality of the country; Athletes can act as international friendly diplomatic politicians. "Some American sports sociologists have pointed out the role of sports in politics from the perspective of sociology." Sports can serve the audience and participants as a safety valve, which can eliminate excess energy, tension and hostility in a socially acceptable way; Sports can be used as an example to improve the physical and intellectual qualities of all members of society through competitions; Sports is a secular religious institution, which uses rituals and celebrations to enhance the value of society, thus regulating people's behavior in the direction required by habits. [15] Americans Roy and Kenneth [6] think: "Winning medals or championships in international sports competitions can symbolically reflect the level of national strength, thus improving international prestige and prestige; The victory of sports can improve the national pride of Chinese people, strengthen the integration of the country and consolidate the rule of the current regime; Promote military training with sports; Provide opportunities for government officials or people seeking power to show up to enhance their prestige and publicize their political views, shape the image of sincere unity of the country, or publicize a political consciousness. "Therefore, the national government's political interests in sports often exceed those in other fields, which is worth discussing.

2 reasons for the close relationship between contemporary sports and politics

After the Second World War, the relationship between sports and politics became closer and its function became more obvious.

2. 1 the development of sports itself

Zhang Yan [16] thinks: "The close relationship between sports and politics is a trend in a certain historical stage; This reflects the great role of sports in modern society. After the Second World War, sports gradually became a system with complex structure and diverse functions, and its role in social, political, economic and cultural life increased unprecedentedly. The fierceness, internationalization and high level of competitive sports competitions and fierce confrontation between countries have enhanced the political function of sports, making many governments and * * * attach importance to sports as a means to safeguard national prestige, enhance national cohesion and achieve various political goals. "

2.2 the link between military and sports

Li Xiaojun [17] pointed out: "The two world wars in the 20th century strengthened the function of sports in promoting physical fitness, which was the result of emphasizing military preparation and war. In addition, with the great progress of transportation and communication technology, the competition between countries has entered a new era, and the degree of integration of sports and politics is advancing day by day. In the so-called' Cold War' period, in a sense, sports became a war without military equipment, and the phenomenon of sports and politics merged. "