Excuse me: Nan Man, Bei Di, Dong Yi, Xi Shu (? What was the original intention?

Chapter III Dongyi, Nanman, Xirong and Beidi

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As mentioned in the previous chapter, the formation of the five-party pattern of Hua and Yi has gone through more than five centuries, including the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. However, it is clear in the literature that China is the center, and Dongyi, Xirong, Nanman and Beidi cooperate with each other, which probably appeared in the Warring States period. In the seventeenth year of Zuozhuan in Zhao Gong, Confucius once said, "I still believe that' the son of heaven lost his official position and learned from thinking about foreigners'." Here refers to barbarians from all directions, but there are no directional national titles such as "Dongyi" and "Nanman" in The Analects of Confucius. In Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shang, the phrase "Go to China and comfort the four foreigners" still refers to foreigners from all directions. Although the appellation of "Dongyi" and "Nanman" has appeared in Mencius, it says wholeheartedly: "Your nature is good, and there is no reason in the world. In the south, we complain about the north, and in the east, we complain about the west. I am behind me! " It is confirmed that Mencius' "four barbarians" still refers to barbarians in all directions.