Model essay reading of two classical Chinese texts

1. Two Reading Rhythms of Classical Chinese "Learning Games"

Qiu Yi knows this country well/is good at playing chess. Make Qiu Yi/teach/play chess, and one of them/concentrate, but/play Qiu Zhi/listen; A person/while listening, but preoccupied with/thinking that a swan is coming, thinking/helping him pay/shoot it. Although/learning from it, he is willing to do it. What is his wisdom/will? Say:/no/but also.

An argument between two children.

A son said, "I started from the day when I was near and the day when I was far away."

A child leaves/goes far at the beginning of the day, in the course of the day/nearby.

A son said, "When the sun rises, it is as big as the hood of a car. At noon, it is like a bowl. Isn't this for/far is small/near is big? "

A son said, "It's cool when the sun rises, it's cool when it gets dark, and it's cool at noon, just like exploring soup. It's not hot when it's near, and it's not cold when it's far away? "

Confucius/can't decide/also.

Two children/said with a smile: "Who are you (rǔ)/ Duo Zhi (shú)?

2. Seek the translation and pause of the classical Chinese "Learning Games" and "Two Children Debate Day". Qiu Yi is the best person in this country. Let Qiu Yi teach two people to play chess, and one of them is absorbed and only listens to Qiu Yi. Although another person is listening to Qiu Yi's teaching, he always thinks that a swan is coming and wants to shoot it with a bow and arrow. In this way, although he studied with the previous one, he was not as good as the previous one. Is it because his intelligence is not as good as the last one? I said: No, Confucius traveled east and saw two children quarreling, so he asked them why they quarreled. A child said, "I think the sun is close to people at sunrise and far away from people at noon." Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people at sunrise and close to people at noon. A child said, "when it first rose, it was as big as a hood." By noon. Another child said, "It was very cold when the sun first came out, and it was as hot as putting your hand in hot water at noon.". Isn't it near hot and far cold? "Confucius can't tell who is right and who is wrong. The two children smiled and said, "Who said you were knowledgeable? "Qiu Yi, who is good at national chess, also asked two people to play chess, and one of them listened attentively to Qiu Yi. Although a person listened, he thought it was a swan, thought about it and took a picture. Although he learns from it, he is willing to learn from it. So, is he wise? Yue: Of course not. When Confucius traveled east, he saw two children/argued with them and asked them why. One said, "I'll start at/day/near, and at/Japan/far." One man said, "I set out on a nearby day." "One son said," It's cool at sunrise and cool at noon, like exploring soup. Is it not hot near/cold far away? " Confucius can't decide. The two children smiled and said, "Who/for you/for Zhihu? " .

3. OMELCO 1 OMELCO 1. Textbook interpretation 1. Introduction to the text.

The contents of these two classical Chinese texts are all ancient stories of China, and the content and truth are more suitable for students' cognitive level. The ancient ideas contained in these texts can give students positive guidance. Learning chess is selected from Mencius Gaozi.

The article first writes that Qiu Yi is the best chess player in China, and then writes that Qiu Yi teaches two people with different learning attitudes to play chess, and the learning effect is also very different. Finally, it is written that the learning results of these two people are different, not because of the great difference in intelligence. Through this incident, it shows that we should concentrate on our studies and not be half-hearted.

The Days of Two Children Arguing is selected from Liezi Tang Wen. Confucius and Lu Yu's two children are arguing. One thinks the sun is close to people in the morning, and the other thinks the sun is close to people at noon. Therefore, the two sides each hold one end and can't argue why. Even a learned man like Confucius can't decide. They are laughed at by two children.

The story shows that the two children are observant and reasonable, and Confucius' attitude of seeking truth from facts. The purpose of writing classical Chinese is to let students initially perceive the language characteristics of classical Chinese, understand the thoughts and feelings of the ancients, and lay the foundation for learning classical Chinese in junior high school.

In teaching, teachers should let students understand the general meaning of annotated words and sentences, understand the main content of the story, guide students to understand the truth in the text, and get some inspiration from it. Compared with modern Chinese, classical Chinese is quite different in terms of words and sentence patterns. Whether sentences can be broken correctly and read fluently is the first difficulty. It is necessary to guide students to read and recite as the focus of this course.

From the perspective of understanding the text, it is not difficult to understand what is written in the text and the truth contained in it. The difficulty lies in asking students to read the meaning of each sentence with reference to their notes. Only by understanding the meaning of a sentence can we correctly break words and sentences and read sentences smoothly.

Therefore, it is necessary to understand the meaning of each sentence as a teaching difficulty to break through. 2. Text analysis.

Understanding of (1) sentence. (1) This sentence is a sign that a person learns to play chess after writing it down. Although he seems to be listening to Qiu Yi's teaching, his mind is thinking about shooting swans with bows and arrows.

Contrastive narration makes the conclusion natural and convincing. (2) for its wisdom? That's not true.

This is the conclusion of the article "Learning Games", which summarizes the things mentioned in the article regardless of the evidence, but the argument has been included in the narrative. Grasp the previous sentence "if you learn from it, it is success", understand the truth of "if you succeed", and understand that the result of doing things wholeheartedly is completely different from that of doing things wholeheartedly.

In order to deepen the understanding of this sentence, students can talk about it in combination with their own lives in group cooperative learning. (3) I am close to people when the sun rises. This is a child's point of view when arguing. He made a judgment based on the changes in the size of the sun observed at different times.

(4) The warehouse is cool at the beginning, and it is like exploring soup at noon. This is another child's point of view in the debate, based on the hot and cold feeling of the sun shining on him at different times. (5) Who is your Zhihu? This is what two children said with a smile when they saw that Confucius could not rule-who said you were learned? This sentence is very rhetorical, showing the innocence and loveliness of two children.

3. Reference translation. Qiu Yi is a national chess player.

He taught two students to play chess, and one of them was so absorbed that he only listened to Qiu Yi. While listening to Qiu Yi's lecture, another student always thought there was a swan flying in the sky and wanted to shoot it down with a bow and arrow. Although they study together, the latter student doesn't study as well as the former one.

Is it because his intelligence is not as good as others? Say: it's not like this. One day, Confucius went to the East to study. When he saw two children arguing about something, he asked why.

A child said, "I think the sun is closer to people when it first comes out, and it is farther away at noon." Another child thinks that the sun is farther away from people when it first comes out and closer to people at noon.

A child said, "The sun was as big as a hood when it first came out, and it was like a plate at noon. Isn't that why it looks small from afar and big from near? " Another child said: "When the sun just came out, it felt very cold. At noon, it was like putting your hand into hot water. Isn't that why you feel hot near and cold far away? " Confucius could not judge what was going on. The two children smiled and said, "Who said you were learned?" Second, the teaching objectives 1. Can dredge the full text according to the after-class notes and understand the story content.

2. Read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally. Recite the text.

3. Understand the key words and the truth in the article. 4. Feel the characteristics of classical Chinese and stimulate the interest in learning classical Chinese.

Iii. Teaching suggestions 1. Before class, students can be instructed to consult relevant books or find information on the Internet, and teachers can also provide some relevant information to give students a preliminary understanding of Confucius and Mencius' life. 2. It is inappropriate to guide primary school students to learn classical Chinese and explain translation word by word, not to mention the knowledge of classical Chinese.

Key words and phrases should be understood by students with reference to their notes, trying to understand the general meaning of each sentence by themselves. When they encounter difficulties, teachers should help them. For example, the meaning of "go" in "I want to be close to people when the sky begins to rise" in "Two Children Debate Day" is different from the modern common meaning.

There are also words such as "Who", "Hu" and "Ru", which rarely appear in modern texts, which appear many times in the texts. Such words should be understood by students. There are three steps to solve this difficulty: first, after reading the text, students can initially understand the meaning of words and sentences according to their notes.

For what students don't understand, teachers can give guidance to let students understand the context. Second, retell and understand the story.

Third, tell these two stories in your own words. 3. When primary school students are exposed to classical Chinese, teachers should establish the concept of "reading aloud first".

The following steps can be taken to guide students to read aloud: first, teachers should make a model of the text and read it vividly and smoothly, thus infecting students and stimulating reading interest. Second, guide students to read fluently.

To guide the reading methods of classical Chinese: first, we should slow down the reading speed, second, we should pause appropriately, and third, we should read the tones of different sentences. For example, the correct pause of "thinking with a bow" in Learning Chess is "thinking with a bow"; "Why is it wise?" .

4. People's Education Edition, Grade 6 Chinese Workbook, Lesson 1, Classical Chinese, Question 2, Question 3 Read the text, complete (1).

Guo Tong: The whole country.

Good: good at it; be adept in

Chess: playing chess

Teach: teach

Aid: leadership, pull

Zhu: Together.

(2)

The article tells the story of two people learning to play Go with Qiu Yi. One person is absorbed, one person is half-hearted. As a result, the former one learned better than the latter one. This story tells us that we should concentrate on everything and not be half-hearted.

(3)

Is it because his intelligence is not as good as the last one? Say: it's not like this.

( 1)

Therefore; cause

Soup: Hot water.

Judgment: Judge

H: who?

(2)

Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it first comes out and close to people at noon.

Who said you were knowledgeable?

(3)

From the text (Confucius can't decide). . The method is (vision and feeling). In the course of the debate. .. are very (observant and well-founded). Show a (I don't know, seek truth from facts) attitude.

(4)

He is quick-thinking and eager for knowledge, and he is never shy to ask his subordinates for advice.

A person's real knowledge lies in knowing what he knows and what he doesn't know.

A threesome requires a teacher.

Learning from time to time is a pleasure.

5. How to read Wei Guwen and learn Erguwen today. As all the children taught themselves before class, I invited several students to read aloud as soon as class started. I think reading aloud is the best and most effective way to learn ancient Chinese. At this time, the problem appeared: when reading the words "only listen to autumn", "doing is wisdom" and "this is not for people far away, but for people near", some students read the word "for" twice, while others read it four times, insisting on their correct pronunciation. But its pronunciation is not clearly marked in the book, and there is only one explanation: why is it so smart? For: Because.

The two children argued all day.

When Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children arguing and asked them why.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "

Another child thinks that the sun is far from the sun when it rises, and it is closer to people at noon.

A Confucius said, "The first day is as big as a car cover, and the middle day is like a dish. Doesn't this mean that those who are far away are small and those who are near are big? "

A Confucius said, "It's cool at the beginning of the day, like exploring soup at noon. Isn't this near hot and far cold? "

Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong. The two children smiled and said, "Who is more Zhihu to you?" First, the pronunciation of "wéi" is: ①, ② ①.

Wei: with monosyllabic adjectives,

Indicates the deepening or expansion of degree and scope; 2 is: think, think; Second, the pronunciation of "wèi" is: ③, ④, ⑤, ⑤.

③, ④, ⑤ Yes: Because. (expressing rhetorical tone)

⑥ Wei: The pronunciation of the word "Wei" in Who is Zhihu? One way of saying it is to "read" wé i "for",

The meaning of "thinking, thinking"; Another way to say "for" is to say "wèi", which is common with the word "predicate" and means "say".

6. Two short stories written in classical Chinese.

The contents of these two classical Chinese texts are all ancient stories of China, and the content and truth are more suitable for students' cognitive level. The ancient ideas contained in these texts can give students positive guidance. Learning chess is selected from Mencius Gaozi.

The article first writes that Qiu Yi is the best chess player in China, and then writes that Qiu Yi teaches two people with different learning attitudes to play chess, and the learning effect is also very different. Finally, it is written that the learning results of these two people are different, not because of the great difference in intelligence. Through this incident, it shows that we should concentrate on our studies and not be half-hearted.

The Days of Two Children Arguing is selected from Liezi Tang Wen. Confucius and Lu Yu's two children are arguing. One thinks the sun is close to people in the morning, and the other thinks the sun is close to people at noon. Therefore, the two sides each hold one end and can't argue why. Even a learned man like Confucius can't decide. They are laughed at by two children.

The story shows that the two children are observant and reasonable, and Confucius' attitude of seeking truth from facts. The purpose of writing classical Chinese is to let students initially perceive the language characteristics of classical Chinese, understand the thoughts and feelings of the ancients, and lay the foundation for learning classical Chinese in junior high school.

In teaching, teachers should let students understand the general meaning of annotated words and sentences, understand the main content of the story, guide students to understand the truth in the text, and get some inspiration from it. Compared with modern Chinese, classical Chinese is quite different in terms of words and sentence patterns. Whether sentences can be broken correctly and read fluently is the first difficulty. It is necessary to guide students to read and recite as the focus of this course.

From the perspective of understanding the text, it is not difficult to understand what is written in the text and the truth contained in it. The difficulty lies in asking students to read the meaning of each sentence with reference to their notes. Only by understanding the meaning of a sentence can we correctly break words and sentences and read sentences smoothly.

Therefore, it is necessary to understand the meaning of each sentence as a teaching difficulty to break through. 2. Text analysis.

Understanding of (1) sentence. (1) This sentence is a sign that a person learns to play chess after writing it down. Although he seems to be listening to Qiu Yi's teaching, his mind is thinking about shooting swans with bows and arrows.

Contrastive narration makes the conclusion natural and convincing. (2) for its wisdom? That's not true.

This is the conclusion of the article "Learning Games", which summarizes the things mentioned in the article regardless of the evidence, but the argument has been included in the narrative. Grasp the previous sentence "if you learn from it, it is success", understand the truth of "if you succeed", and understand that the result of doing things wholeheartedly is completely different from that of doing things wholeheartedly.

In order to deepen the understanding of this sentence, students can talk about it in combination with their own lives in group cooperative learning. (3) I am close to people when the sun rises. This is a child's point of view when arguing. He made a judgment based on the changes in the size of the sun observed at different times.

(4) The warehouse is cool at the beginning, and it is like exploring soup at noon. This is another child's point of view in the debate, based on the hot and cold feeling of the sun shining on him at different times. (5) Who is your Zhihu? This is what two children said with a smile when they saw that Confucius could not rule-who said you were learned? This sentence is very rhetorical, showing the innocence and loveliness of two children.

7. The second volume of the sixth grade Chinese People's Education Edition, the first lesson "Two Classics", mainly talks about "learning games" and the other is "two children debate day". The article describes that in ancient times, two children relied on their own intuition. One thought that the sun was close to people in the morning and the other thought that the sun was close to people at noon. Therefore, they have their own opinions and cannot argue. Even a knowledgeable person like Confucius can't make a judgment. This story shows that in order to understand nature and explore objective truth, we must dare to think independently and question boldly; It also shows that the universe is infinite and knowledge is infinite. Even the most knowledgeable people will know something and learn endlessly.

First, I wrote the argument between Confucius and Lu Yu, and then I wrote the views held by the two children with the intuition that people can experience in their daily lives, so as to refute each other's views. Finally, I wrote that the argument between Confucius and the two children was inconclusive, which led them to "laugh". The full text is only a hundred words, but it can give people a lot of inspiration. It is the characteristic of language expression to express characters and unfold stories through dialogue description, which shows the innocence and loveliness of two children and Confucius' scientific attitude of being modest and seeking truth from facts.

Qiu Yi is the best chess player in the country. Let Qiu Yi teach two people to play chess, and one of them is absorbed and only listens to Qiu Yi. While the other party was listening, they always thought it was a swan and wanted to shoot it with a bow and arrow. In this way, although he followed the last one, he didn't learn as well as the last one. Can you say this is because his intelligence is not as good as the last one? I said, that's not true.

8. The first lesson of the sixth grade "Two Classics" teaching plan "Baidu has game learning" teaching goal: 1, learn three new words, understand the meaning of the sentence, grasp the content of the text, and realize the truth of doing things with concentration.

2. Read and recite the text with emotion, so that it is correct, the rhythm is properly paused, and the language characteristics of classical Chinese are initially felt from repeated reading. 3. Understand the methods of learning classical Chinese and cultivate the interest in learning classical Chinese.

Teaching emphasis and difficulty: read the meaning of each sentence, punctuate the sentence correctly, and read and recite fluently. Teaching process: 1. Ask questions after reading the text roughly; 1. Stimulate interest and introduce 1. The teacher retells the allusions of Meng Mu's three movements, and the students guess.

2. Introduce the author and get to know Mencius. Students read their own textbooks: Mencius, a famous thinker, politician and educator in China, was a native of Lu during the Warring States Period.

He is a master of Confucianism after Confucius and is honored as an "elegant sage". Later generations called him and Confucius "Confucius and Mencius". He and his disciple * * * compiled the book Mencius. 3. Today, we will learn a classic article by Mencius (1), the title of blackboard writing, and question it.

(2) Guide students to read illustrations to understand the topic (there are illustrations in the courseware). What else do you want to know after understanding the topic? (2) Read the doubts 1 by yourself, read the text by yourself, read the correct pronunciation and read the sentences.

2. Talk about feelings while reading (classical Chinese is difficult to read and understand). 3. The old teacher reads (1), listens to the rhythm, and marks the words and sounds that are paused and mispronounced.

(2) Just reading this classical Chinese, did you hear the difference between a teacher and a vernacular Chinese? Summary of reading methods: reading is slow and there are many pauses in sentences. Students practice reading at the same table. 5, indicate reading aloud, pay attention to the accent: (Hu) (Fu) Frodo and Gong (Zhuo) 6, hey, you suddenly seem to be poetic young scholars! Are there any questions after reading the text carefully? 7. problems.

Second, read the text intensively to solve doubts and doubts 1, and read the book one hundred times to reveal its meaning. If the method is just right, it will be easier to learn. Let's pick up the textbook and read the translation together. 2. Group cooperation, comparative reading of ancient prose and translation, and exploration of solving doubts.

Third, re-examine the problem of reading the text. 1. Quiet thinking and heated discussion make the teacher feel that the students are very enthusiastic about learning classical Chinese. Did you get anything? Did you find anything? Who dares to be the best in the world? -Who dares to speak first? (Raise your hand) OK! The man who dares to be the first in the world appears. Please report to everyone boldly: I found many things in the text, but the meaning is different. 2. What a great discovery: Qiu Yi, who knows this country very well/is good at playing games.

Do/play autumn/teach two people/play, one of them/concentrate, but/play autumn/listen; Although a person/listens, he is preoccupied with thinking/that a swan/is coming, thinking/bowing/shooting it. Although/use/use learning, if enough.

Why/is it its wisdom/Froude and? Yue: No/but there are. 3. Encourage students to annotate the meaning of the word "zhi" or draw the corresponding meaning in the translation.

4. Report and exchange △ "Qiu Yi, a good player in China." (1), guide students to talk about the meaning of sentences against the translation, and help students master the basic methods of understanding classical Chinese sentences with the help of pictures.

(2) The camera guides students to understand the meaning of "zhe" and "ye". Student: A person who is good at playing chess.

Teacher: You are right. In this way, the word "zhe" is strictly what "person" should look like.

Look at what you just said: the author-the person who writes the article, the reader-the person who reads the article, and the winner-the winner are all "good people", right? △ "Let Qiu Yi teach two people to play chess ... shoot when you think of a bow. Although there is reference, it is a blessing. "

(1), exchange the understanding of each sentence, and then understand the different meanings of several "zhi". (2) Everyone has read the text and now they understand it.

So, what about two people who also learn chess from chess? Why does a person study well? What about the other person who can't learn well? Health: one person is absorbed, and one person is half-hearted. Health: One person is absorbed in his study, while the other is thinking about how to shoot down the swan.

Teacher: Can you read their respective performances? Student: Find a sentence Reader: Is the intelligence of the last apprentice not as good as that of the previous one? -.Delta "What is wisdom? Say: unnatural. " (1), understand the meaning of communication sentences, and ask students to make the meaning of sentences clear in their own words and speak fluently.

(2) Guide reading and experience the tone of classical Chinese reading (in the form of question and answer). 5. What's their attitude towards learning? The idiom "One person is attentive, one person is half-hearted, and one person is attentive" comes from the article "Learning Chess". Can you also summarize their performance with different idioms? Concentrated-absent-minded-single-minded-half-hearted-single-minded-meticulous-looking around 6. Performance reading 4. Test feedback extension. Yes, because attitude is everything.

Students, come on, let's use our intelligence to make a few aphorisms for all those who are half-hearted in life and give them directions. 2, students' own warnings: 5, recommended reading to improve literacy 1, recommended reading to show "the number of games today, decimal, if you don't pay attention, you can't."

("Mencius? The original "Gao Zi" is an unselected sentence in this lesson), and the deskmate understands and exchanges, deepening the understanding of the ideological connotation of the text. 2. Collect and read short stories in classical Chinese such as "Carving a Boat for a Sword" and "Waiting for a Rabbit".

3. Expand or create a story. What happens if two people concentrate? Attachment: concentrate on blackboard design, learn half-heartedly, and get nothing. Attitude determines all the teaching objectives of "Two-Child Debate Day": 1. Organize students to read the text and correctly read and understand the new words and phrases in the text; 2. Read the text with the notes in the book and master the main idea of the text; 3. Cultivate students' interest in questioning and exploring knowledge, and stimulate their enthusiasm for innovation.

Teaching emphasis: 1. Organize students to read the text and correctly read and understand the new words and phrases in the text; 2. Read the text with the notes in the text, and you can grasp the main idea of the text. Teaching difficulties: 1. Cultivate students' interest in questioning and exploring knowledge and stimulate their enthusiasm for innovation.

Teaching.

9. Ancient Chinese encourages reading aloud. This classical Chinese is selected from the pronunciation of Mencius' Gongsun Chou, yà mi á o zh zh m ng.

Interpretation: pull up. It is a bad thing to pull out the seedlings and encourage them, and then use this metaphor to violate the law of development of things and rush for success. Morality 1. The development of objective things has its own laws. It is not enough to rely only on good wishes and enthusiasm, and it is likely that the effect will be contrary to subjective wishes. This fable also tells a concrete truth: "haste makes waste." People must give full play to their subjective initiative according to objective laws in order to do things well. On the contrary, if you only do it according to your own subjective wishes, even with good wishes and good motives, the result can only be counterproductive. Haste makes waste, haste makes waste, haste makes waste, haste makes waste, haste makes waste. This fable is included in two fables in the ninth lesson of Hebei Education Edition, the sixth grade of primary school.

Ancient Chinese text

There was a man in the Song Dynasty who said that his seedlings were not long enough, but he said, "Mangmang ran back and said," I'm sick today, so I'll help the seedlings grow! "His son is watching and Miao is watching. The world can't help the Miao and the old! Those who give up because they feel useless don't raise seedlings. Help the elderly and help the seedlings; Non-apprentices ⑿ have no (13) benefits, but they are also harmful. (selected from Mencius Gongsun Chou)

Classical Chinese translation

In ancient Song Dynasty, there was a man who was worried that his seedlings were not tall, so he pulled them up. At the end of the day, he was very tired. He came home and said to his family, "I am exhausted today. I helped them grow taller! " When his son heard about it, he hurried to the field to see the seedlings, but they all withered. Few people in the world don't make such mistakes! People who give up because they feel useless are like lazy people who don't mow the grass for young seedlings. People who help it grow at their own expense, like those who encourage it, are not good, but harmful.

Annotation of ancient Chinese prose

(1) min (mǐ n)-same as "pity", worry, worry. ⑵ Length (zhng)-growth, growth. (3) "y"-pull. (4) Busy-tired. 5] His family-his family. [6] Disease-exhaustion is an extension of meaning. [7] I, the first personal pronoun. [8] Trend-Let's go. Go, go, go. ⑽ The vegetation is dry. ⑾ Yunmiao: Mowing seedlings are not apprentices-not only. Acts, just. [13] benefits: benefits. [14] son: son