Why did the last word of the emperor before Sui Dynasty be Emperor, but after Tang Dynasty it was Zong?

After the death of posthumous title, that is, the ancient emperors, governors, high officials and ministers, the court gave them a title of praising or criticizing good and evil according to their life behavior, calling it Shi or posthumous title. "History, the trace of the line also; No, the power of the table is also; Car clothes, job badge. So the big line is famous, and the small line gets its name. Those who are for themselves are born in people. " The so-called posthumous title is to make a general evaluation of a person's life in one or two words, which is a conclusion. Wu, Ming, Rui, Kang, Jing, Zhuang, Xuan and Yi are all good words, and they are mediocre people, such as Han and so on. The quality emperor, the rushing emperor and the young emperor often died early on the throne, while Li, Ling and Yi all have negative meanings, and mourning and thinking are not good words. In addition, Sun Quan is a special case, and his posthumous title is the emperor, which is unique in China.

In ancient posthumous title, people used more than one word, such as (Ping), (Mu) and Wei An Wang (An). There are also two words, such as Zhao (Huiwen). Posthumous title, the emperor of later generations, used more than one word, such as Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty (Wu, Wei Qiang Ruide) and Emperor Yangdi of Sui Dynasty (Yang, Hao Nei, etc.); The rest (referring to non-emperors) use more than two words, such as Wenzhong Gong (Wenzhong, Ouyang Xiu) and Zhonglie Gong (Zhonglie, Shi Kefa). The kings of Xia and Shang Dynasties didn't have posthumous title. They often called them by their first names. Most of them use official names, such as Tai Jia, Kong Jia, Pan Geng and Di Xin. Whether this is the ranking or the year of birth, there are different opinions. Let's leave him alone. Posthumous title began to exist in the Zhou Dynasty, but Zhou Wenwang and Zhou Wuwang were not posthumous title, but called King Zhao of Zhou and Zhou Muwang posthumous title.

Posthumous title starts this week. In addition to the emperor, governors and ministers also have posthumous title, but I am talking about the emperor here. Qin Shihuang thought that posthumous title was the son to discuss the father and the minister to discuss the king, so he abolished posthumous title. Since he is the first emperor, he wants to pass on the second, third and even infinite. Unfortunately, he only passed II. It was implemented again in the Han Dynasty. Posthumous title of all emperors has a word of filial piety, such as filial piety, filial piety, filial piety and filial piety. After the death of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Cao Wei and posthumous title, the so-called "giver", were the givers of land. He didn't have that name when he was emperor. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, when he was emperor, his name was Xian Di. That's nonsense. Does Xian Di know that he will offer the throne? Of course, after all, the novel romance has nothing to do with historical facts and can be called at will, but

According to the ceremony of Zhou, there are seven temples of the son of heaven, that is, the son of heaven only respects seven generations of ancestors, but if there is a temple number, it will be passed down from generation to generation. If there is no temple name, it will be "destroyed by relatives" at a certain time, his temple will no longer be preserved, and his god will be attached to other temples. The name of the temple is the name of the ancestor, ancestor and ancestor, whose rank is higher than that of the ancestor. At first, not many emperors had temple names. For example, in the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang was a great-grandfather, Liu Xiu was a great-grandfather, and there were no other temples. This ancestor, just like Europe honoring an emperor as the great, must have made special achievements, usually the founding emperor. However, there are also some who abuse seals. In the Wei Dynasty, Cao Cao was Emperor Mao and Cao Pi was Emperor Wen. When Cao Rui was alive, he couldn't wait to call himself Zuming Emperor, and was laughed at by later generations.

Posthumous title learned from his example. There are several words in the Funeral Law that have fixed meanings, which can be roughly divided into three categories: the words of praise are: Wen, Wu, Jing, Lie, Zhao, Mu and so on; Critics include Yang, Li and Ling. Belonging to sympathy are: mourning, nostalgia, sadness, mourning and so on.

There are two main points in the funeral ceremony system: First, posthumous title should conform to the deceased himself; Second, posthumous title should be evaluated and awarded by others after his death. The monarch's posthumous title was decided by the etiquette officer and announced by the enthroned emperor. The minister's posthumous title was awarded by the imperial court. Posthumous title is the key, equivalent to the final judgment.

For example, Chu Huaiwang's "Huai" means "kindness and kindness". The former is called Shangshu and Shu Mei; The one in the middle is called the next one, the evil one; The latter is called Zhong Shi. 1June, 926, the famous scholar Wang Guowei drowned himself, and Puyi wrote a faithful letter, with the words "Zhong Wang is a public disgrace" engraved on the tombstone. I: honest. Chen Yinque said in his inscription: "If there is no freedom of thought, give me death!" Fear of freedom of thought is the main reason why Wang Guowei wants to die. This is the end of the system in China and posthumous title.

Bad obituaries came later-people gradually realized that some imperial envoys were not good people and some were hateful. In Li, he said "no relatives" and "killing innocent people". He was a greedy monarch, and the "China people" launched a riot. He fled to Bi (now northeast of Huo County, Shanxi Province) and later died there. Zhao Gong's admonition and slander is a famous historical prose in the pre-Qin period, which has been selected by many textbooks. This paper reflects the tyranny and cruelty of Li Guowang from one side. Emperor's "Yang" means "internal goodness and external disorder", which was added when Tang Dynasty's founding emperor Li Yuan was executed by imperial edict.

Ying Zheng saw that posthumous title had the suspicion that "the son discussed the father and the minister discussed the king", so he abolished it. He thought that he was "both a sage and Huang San, and made great achievements in the Five Emperors", so he linked "Emperor" with "Emperor" and began to call it "Emperor". The "emperor" is more beautiful than the previous one, and the supreme rulers of past dynasties readily accepted it. Posthumous title was restored in the Western Han Dynasty.

Posthumous title's word count, starting from one word, has developed into many words, which has become a pile of commendatory words. Wu Zetian set a precedent for the emperor to superimpose curses before his death, which is his own curses. Its essence has changed from objective judgment to blind flattery, and the increase of words is the development of flattery. In the Tang Dynasty, the dead emperor was called posthumous title for short. Posthumous title of the Ming emperor has seventeen words. Posthumous title of the Qing emperor had 2 1 word. So many words, of course, can't be called by their first names, only used in specific occasions.

● Say the temple number.

Temple number is the name honored by the ancient emperor of China when he declared sacrifices in the ancestral temple after his death. It is generally believed that temple names originated in Shang Dynasty, such as Taizong in Taijia, Taizong in Taiwu and Gaozong in Wuding (Tang Cheng may be Taizong). The name of the temple was very strict at first. According to the standard of "ancestors have merits and virtues, ancestors have virtues", the founding monarch is generally an ancestor and heir with the ability to govern the country. The posthumous title system was established in the Zhou Dynasty, and the life of the monarch and ministers was finally evaluated. The temple name system was abolished. Even the posthumous title system was abolished in the Qin Dynasty.

After the Han Dynasty, it inherited the temple name system. The Han dynasty was very cautious about adding temple names, so many emperors didn't have temple names. Liu Bang was the founding monarch, and the temple name was Taizu (but it was called Gaozu since Sima Qian, which was commonly used by later generations), and posthumous title was the high emperor (there was no word "Gao" in the funeral, and he was named Han Taizu because he thought he had the highest merit). The Han Dynasty emphasized the rule of filial piety, so except for Liu Bang and posthumous title who succeeded to the throne, they all had the word "filial piety". The emperors of the Han Dynasty all had posthumous title, but few people had temple names. In the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Bang was Taizu Gao (Emperor Xiaojing Liu Qi's Shangdian), Liu Heng was Emperor Taizong (Emperor Xiaojing Liu Qi's Shangdian), Liu Che was Sejong Xiaowu (Xiao Xuan Liu Di Xun Shangdian), and Liu Xun was Zhongzong Xiao Xuan (Liu Xiu's Shangdian). In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu was Emperor Guangwu (Liu Xiaoming Zhuang Shang Dian), Liu Zhuang was Emperor Xiaoming (Zhang Xiao Liu Wei Shang Dian), and Liu Wei was Su Zong Zhang Xiao (Liu Xiaohe Zhao Shang Dian). In addition, several emperors in the Eastern Han Dynasty had temple names: Liu Zhao was Mu Zongxiao, Liu You was Gong Zongxiao 'an, Liu Bao was Jing Zong Xiao, and Herry Liu was Wei Zongxiaohuan. However, when the names of these temples were cancelled, Xian Di was filial. In the Tang Dynasty, except for some perishing kings and short-lived emperors, there were generally temple names.

Temple names often use the word "Zu" or "Zong". Founding emperors are generally called "Taizu" or "Gaozu", such as Han Taizu, Tang Gaozu and Song Taizu. Later emperors were generally called "Zong", such as Emperor Taizong and Song Taizong. But there are exceptions The spread of "grandfathers" began in Cao Wei. In the Sixteen Kingdoms period, almost all the imperial temples in small countries such as Houzhao, Yan Qian, Houqin and Xiqin were ancestral temples.

When addressing, the temple number is often placed before posthumous title, which, together with posthumous title, constitutes the full name of the deceased emperor. Traditionally, emperors who died before the Tang Dynasty were generally referred to as posthumous title for short, such as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Yang Di, rather than the names of temples. After the Tang Dynasty, due to the lengthening of posthumous title's characters, it was renamed as the temple name, such as Emperor Taizong and Song Taizu.

Generally speaking, the choice of words for temple names does not refer to divination methods, but it also has the meaning of praise and criticism. Taizu founded the country, and Taizong carried forward. Sejong and Gaozong both maintained the reputation of your Lord. Renzong, Xuanzong, Shengzong, Xiaozong, Chengzong and Zongrui are all wise masters, while Zhongzong and Xianzong are all masters of ZTE. In addition, both Zhezong and Xingzong were good emperors who made a difference. Zongshen and Yingzong have weak political achievements, Dezong and Ningzong are too weak, Xuanzong, Zhenzong, Lizong and Daozong are mysterious, Wenzong and Wuzong are famous all over the world, Mu Zong and Jing Zong are quite successful, Guangzong and Xizong are fatuous and decadent, and Aizong and four cases can only perish.

In addition to China, the kings of Korea, Li Dynasty and Vietnamese emperors such as Li Dynasty, Chen Dynasty, Mo Dynasty and Ruan Dynasty also had temple names. However, Japan did not adopt the temple number system.

Generally, the name of the temple is Gaozu or Taizu, and it is the founding emperor, such as Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, Tang Gaozu Li Yuan, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, Yuan Taizu Temujin, Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang and Qing Taizu Nurhachi. People called sai-jo are often unified, such as Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu and Qing Dynasty, who re-established a dynasty on their own, so they are also sai-jo, and they are similar to them, so they are called Ming and Xuan.

● Say the year number.

Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty first established the title of Jian Yuan, the title has become a direct accessory of the emperor. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the emperor even called it by the year number, and some policies that were more beneficial to the people were directly reflected in the year number. For example, the government in the early days of Qianlong was very popular, so there was a saying among the people at that time: Ganlongbao, Longbao; Dry long money, ten thousand years. And vice versa, as Harry said in his last book: People who are good at peace have a clean home. Therefore, emperors have attached great importance to titles since ancient times.

Of course, we should choose the best words and the most exquisite explanations for all the titles, but the development of things is independent of human will. A good title does not mean a good political grasp. On the contrary, many times, a good title may not bring a glimmer of light to the yellow dynasty. For example, Emperor Guangwu's title of Jianwu was repeatedly attacked by later generations, hoping that Guangxu Zhongxing would reappear. Ironically, however, history has not repeated itself. Both Huidi in the Western Jin Dynasty and Yuan Emperor in the Eastern Jin Dynasty used the title of Jianwu. But they were all held hostage by powerful ministers, and their administration was in a mess and mediocre. This shows that the title of the year is not equal to the bodhisattva who saves people.

Generally speaking, emperors are taboo about titles of emperors who died suddenly or were subverted in a short time. Even mediocre titles will generally be given titles. However, since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there have been nearly a thousand titles in the feudal history of China, and few people can completely and accurately retell them. Therefore, the same jokes are still endless. For example, at the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Huan Xuan usurped the throne, claiming to be the Great Chu, and decided the title forever. Later, when he checked, it was actually the title of Sima Lun, the usurper of the Western Jin Dynasty, and this title was the title of this dissolute guy, Emperor Han Chengdi. So at that time, some people said that Huan Xuan's "imperial court" would not last long, and it soon collapsed.

There is another thing that is also very interesting. Song Taizu decided to establish the name of the year: Gander. Mao himself has no culture, so this matter was handed over to Prime Minister Zhao Pu and others. Zhao Pu and others drew up a virtue, but it was soon pointed out that this virtue was used by Wang Yan, the former ruler of Shu during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. If Huan Xuan and Sima Lun are separated by more than 100 years, the words "no textual research" can be used to prevaricate the past. Then, Wang Yan is only twenty or thirty years away from the establishment of the Song Dynasty, which is a big joke that can't be said anyway. Moreover, it really seems that Mao didn't know until the year number was publicly promulgated. Although we can't blame Zhao Pu too much, Song Taizu sighed: The prime minister must use scholars.

At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Cai Jing was in power, and Cai himself was a calligrapher. Besides, he likes to be unconventional. When the title of Chongning was issued, Cai Jing found a new way and wrote the word Chongning to the end. This is a rough writing method invented by Kudigan in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, which is called wearing a hammer. It doesn't matter that Cai Jing wore a hammer, but it ruined Song Guguo. At that time, superstitious people said that the word worship was written by the Yamashita clan and Cai Jing, which broke the point of the clan. So in the Song Dynasty, the imperial clan soon became chaotic and unlucky. Of course, this is a follow-up meeting and cannot be used as a textual research on the history of faith. However, it is also true that the newly unearthed Bao Tong who worships Ning in Song Dynasty really fell down because of the worship of characters.

Another function of the year number is to announce political policies. For example, at the beginning of Song Huizong's accession to the throne, the title was chosen as: Zhong Jian Guo Jing. The purpose is to quell the increasingly serious party struggle. However, just as the title of Jianzhong Guo Jing itself was only a short year, Hui Zong's wish was soon dashed. When Chongzhen acceded to the throne, the following four titles were given to Chongzhen, and Zhu Youjian chose Chongzhen, meaning that he hoped that the world would be uneven. However, it was pointed out at that time that the title of Chongzhen was close to Chongning in the late Song Dynasty, which was an ominous title. In fact, it is not ominous that the title used when the Qing Dynasty was established was Chongde. Besides, Ming Chengzu's Yongle title is very famous, but it was used by anti-thief Fang La hundreds of years ago. But can Zhu Can Di compare with Fang La? It can be seen that everything depends on people. What is the year number?

Some appellations are still a little prescient, and Tongzhi in the late Qing Dynasty has similar meanings. On the one hand, I hope that the two palaces will listen to politics, and the prince will take charge of politics, so as to achieve the glory of Shunzhi. On the other hand, I hope that Kangxi will follow Shunzhi and reappear after Tongzhi. However, neither of these goals has been achieved. On the contrary, the Tongzhi emperor died suddenly like his ancestors, and the cause of death was unknown. Moreover, there were two generations of Manchu before Shunzhi and two generations of Manchu after Tongzhi, which can be said to have been related. In addition, the title of Yuan Shundi is Zhiyuan (different from Zhiyuan in history), which is the same as that of his ancestor Kublai Khan. The Yuan Dynasty started in Zhiyuan and died in Zhiyuan.

Titles are not always available at the beginning. It didn't exist in the early Han dynasty, but it began to appear later. Moreover, emperors generally like to change titles, both good and bad, some once every few years and occasionally several times a year. Generally, simple and pragmatic emperors changed their names less, while unconventional emperors changed their names more. For example, Emperor Taizong always used Zhenguan, but Emperor Xuanzong didn't change it much, and Wu Zetian especially liked to change the year number. Generally speaking, the title is two words.

Originally, not all emperors had temple names, but they all had posthumous title, so most emperors before the Tang Dynasty were called posthumous title. Since the Tang dynasty, everyone has a temple name, so people used to call it. Emperors in Ming and Qing dynasties usually used a title for life, so people used to call him a title. Only Ming Yingzong used two titles, because he was captured by Vala and Ming Daizong acceded to the throne. After being put back, he became the father of the emperor. When Dai Zong was seriously ill, he staged a coup and proclaimed himself emperor again, so he got two titles. In addition, the original name of Tongzhi is Qixiang, which was drafted by Su Shun and others. Soon, Cixi staged a coup, killed Su Shun and changed her title to Tongzhi. The original name is not called, and people are used to calling it Tongzhi Emperor. Tongzhi means "* * * Tongzhi" by most people, but I think it is not true after reading some materials. I think "the rule of great harmony" is the meaning or origin of this title.

Sometimes, those who didn't become emperors, such as Cao Cao and Sima Yi, were honored as emperors after their death, and another was Dourgen, who was in power and was honored as Emperor Chengzong by Fu Lin after his death, but that was only a stopgap measure. In less than a month, Fu Lin imprisoned Dourgen's younger brother, Azig, and others, and then announced that Dourgen had the intention to usurp the inverse, copied his home and became Emperor Chengzong.

● Talk about your title later.

Honorary title, as its name implies, is a noble name. Who can get the honor and have a unique name? In China's long and hierarchical ancient society, only Wang Mi, the monarch of the aristocratic class, can be revered and respected. Honorary titles can be broadly defined and narrowly defined. Broadly speaking, honorific terms refer to various appellations for ancient emperors (including empresses) before the Tang Dynasty, such as monarch, emperor, posthumous title after his death, hall number, etc., all of which are honorific terms.

"Jun" and "Shuowen": "Respect. Cong yin; Send the number, so from the mouth. " Figure "Ancient prose, like a gentleman."

This word depicts the image of an exploiting class ruler who can only sit back and give orders. And to say "Jun, respect also" means that the monarch is the supreme figure. Zheng Xuan in The Book of Rites: A Biography of Funeral. Jun, Supreme also "gambles on clouds": "The emperor, the vassal and the doctor who owns the land are all called Jun". This road shows the social root that the monarch is the supreme figure and is respected, that is, occupying land. In other words, every landlord who occupies an area is called "Jun". The son of heaven is the big landlord in the world, that is, "is the land of kings under the world?" "The vassal is the big landlord of a country, and QingDafu is the big landlord of a city and a township. These people occupied the land, made a name for themselves and enslaved the people. They are awesome and will be respected!

"King" is like a burning flame in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Wang Guowei believes that the word "prosperity" is the original meaning of "prosperity", which is used to praise the monarch for governing the country and making the country prosperous. First of all, the autocratic monarch in slave society is the king. Such as Wang Shang and Zhou Wenwang. Twenty-five years of Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong): "Today's king is also the ancient emperor." Explain the difference and connection between "king" and "emperor" and the changes of ancient and modern appellations. The so-called "present king" refers to the kings of the Yin Zhou to the Spring and Autumn Period: "ancient emperor" refers to the chiefs of tribal alliances in primitive society before the Yin Zhou Dynasty, such as Yao Di and Shun.

Wait a minute.

"Emperor" and "Emperor" are both honorifics for the monarch, because they have special meanings.

Even the temple name and posthumous title are honorifics. Temple number, after the death of the ancient emperor, was sacrificed in the neutral room of the ancestral temple, which was named as the temple room to show respect. In the long feudal society, the ancestral temple was a symbol of a country. After the emperor's death, the ancestral temple was called the ancestral temple, which indicated that he had opened a business in Lie Hong, had good governance and noble merits, so not every emperor had a temple name after his death. In the ancestral temple system, the ancestor is the highest, generally known as the Sect. The founding emperor is called the ancestor, the succeeding emperor is called the ancestor, and those who have made great contributions are also called the ancestor. For example, Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was named Ming Taizu, and his fourth son Judy was named Ming Chengzu. After the death of posthumous title, an ancient emperor, a vassal and a great doctor, the imperial court praised or criticized him according to his deeds and conduct. Although posthumous title has the name of beauty, fairness and evil, it is not always commensurate with the behavior of the deceased before his death, and he often praises and even reverses right and wrong.

In a narrow sense, honorific terms refer to flattery and praise words added before the emperor's name from the period of Wu Zetian and Zhongzong in the Tang Dynasty. For example, in the twenty-seventh year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (739), he was honored as "SHEN WOO, a literary student in Kaiyuan", and in the first year of Gande (%3), Song Taizu was honored as "Guang Yun Rensheng Wu Wen Zhide". Almost used up all the beautiful words in the world.

In past dynasties, not only emperors but also queens had titles. This is mostly because the new emperor respected the original queen or mother princess and gave her a respectful name, calling her the empress dowager and empress dowager. For example, in the Southern Dynasties, my biological mother was Mrs. Zhang. After Shaodi acceded to the throne, he was named Li Taihou. In addition, other words have been added. For example, the biography of Han consorts: "When Emperor Wu collapsed, the general became elegant and ate with him, catching up with the title of Emperor Xiaowu."

Thus, the title of emperor has a process of emergence, development and evolution. This process is the same as the development of general things, from broad sense to narrow sense, from simple to complex, from simple title to flattery. Talk big, talk big, and go to the wrong path of exaggeration and falsehood.

The early appearance of honorifics was accompanied by the emperor. According to Song Gaocheng's "Wu Ji Yuan" and "Confucianism", heaven and earth stand side by side, and there is an emperor, taking the celestial spirit as the title, that is, the beginning of the title of emperor. Yao said, Shun said Zhong Hua, Yu said, or thought he was the number of san huang. There may be some countries in the Zhou Dynasty, such as Chu Yong 'ao, Qi Dong Lougong and Juzi Gong Ping. Qin wins the world, Li Si and Wang Wan, please call them. Tang Gaozong proclaimed himself emperor in August of the first year of Shangyuan. In November of the first year of Zhongzong Shenlong, the Emperor Yingtian was honored, and Jinglong was honored in August. After Xuanzong kaiyuan, the prime minister began to lead hundreds of officials to honorary titles, thinking that this was a conventional system. In the Song Dynasty, it was futile for Shenzong Xi Ning, so he gave up. This means that honorifics originated in the legendary era of the emperor, the Yellow Emperor and Tai Huang (or Ren Huang), and were followed by the five emperors, and passed down to the Tang Dynasty as a routine system. Song Shenzong thought the name was untrue, and he had given up. Heavenly spirit, revered as a god; Those who put merit on earth say that Yao's merit is great and omnipotent; Zhong Hua said that Shun could succeed Yao and valued the brilliance of his virtue and his life. His words taught his life with virtue. , Yong 'ao, Donglou Gong, Zi, Di, Yingtian, Yingtian Shenlong, etc. , are respectful words.

The honorary title, from a certain point of view, has certain significance. Its significance lies in the strengthening of the emperor, and at the same time it has the meaning of celebrating good luck, worshiping merits and saving the day. However, when honorifics developed to a certain period, that is, after the Tang Dynasty, they existed in name only, and both honorifics and honorifics were aware of it and rejected it. For example, Tang Dezong was once honored as "Saint SHEN WOO Wen", but later he wanted to add this title because of "difficulties and everything changed". Lu said: "The emergence of honorifics is not long ago. On the day I walked in Antai, I was already tired and modest; When it comes to chaos, it is especially like a thing. " "The importance of the master is self-evident, and worshipping his name does not help the emblem, and his name does not harm his virtue and beauty. However, if you lose the virtue of modesty and looking back on the past, you can be ridiculous, and you can't lose it, so you can argue. " "The Biography of Liu Chang in Song Dynasty" contains: In the fourth year of Jiayou, a hundred officials invited you to be knighted. Chang Luqian remonstrated, saying, "Your Majesty has been exempted from the emblem for 20 years, but it is not enough to add more pictures now. It's a pity to abandon the beauty of the past! "Song Renzong has not been affected. According to Song Shili's "Shang Zhi Zunhao Instrument", Song Shenzong acceded to the throne, and Sima Guang and Lv Gongzhu opposed it. The reason is that "the first emperor ruled Pingping for two years, and his words and titles were not accepted, and the world praised his holiness." Your majesty can really break his sacred will, push it away, and still make it harder to serve, so praise will be everywhere! "That is, all subjects are opposed to flattery, flashy, and the emperor does not accept titles, so naturally the world boils and praises in unison. This is a reflection of your title going astray.

However, feudal emperors had the class attribute of accepting flattery, so although sages and ministers in previous dynasties opposed honorific titles, they did not stop after the Song Dynasty and continued until the late Qing Dynasty.

Honorary title is a special title for the emperor, which consists of words of respect and praise. Either before or after death. Plus is posthumous title. It is generally believed that honorifics originated in the Tang Dynasty. In fact, as early as the Qin Dynasty unified China, Reese and others once addressed the King of Qin as "Qin Huang". But the meaning of honorific words at this time is not the same as that after Tang Dynasty. Your respectful name begins with a few words. For example, Tang Gaozu tang gaozu's honorific title is "Emperor Xiaoguang, Great Sage God". The farther back, the longer the honorific title. For example, all titles of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty are "Gao Zongfa Tianlong Yun, Sincere and Foresighted, Li Yuanji, Wen Fu Fenwu, Qin Xiaoming Ci, Sheng Jing Di", and besides the temple name "Gao Zong", there are more than 20 words of honorific titles.

In the ancient documents of China, most of the former emperors did not call them by their first names or titles, but called them temple names, posthumous title names or year names. Generally speaking, emperors before the Sui Dynasty are often called posthumous title, such as Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, Sui Yangdi and so on. Emperors from Tang Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty are usually called temples, such as Emperor Taizong, Song Renzong and Yuan Yingzong. Emperors in Ming and Qing dynasties often called them titles, such as Jiajing Emperor and Tangxi Emperor. On some specific occasions, they are also called by all their names, namely, temple number, respectful name and posthumous title, such as the name of Qianlong mentioned above. When you meet this full name, you should pay attention to distinguish its temple number, respectful name and posthumous title.