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Door gods in different periods

1. The earliest door gods were two "peach figures" carved from peach wood. It is said that they are the incarnations of Shen Tu and Yu Lei, the two divine generals sent by the Yellow Emperor in ancient times to lead the ghosts wandering around the world. In addition to the records in "The Classic of Mountains and Seas", there are records in various books of the Han Dynasty. For example, Volume 6 of "The Collection of Reconstruction of Weishu", "He Tu Kuo Ge Ge", says: There is a big peach tree in Taodu Mountain, with branches twisting for three thousand miles. There is a golden rooster on the tree, which crows when the sun comes out. There are two gods under the tree, one named Yu and the other named Lei, both holding reeds to guard the ominous ghosts and kill them if caught. Volume 8 of Ying Shao's "Customs and Customs" states that Tu and Lei are two brothers who are capable of catching ghosts. They often go under the peach tree on Dushuo Mountain to check ghosts, and if they find any harm to mankind, they will catch them and feed them to tigers. . So the county magistrate often carved a peach figure holding a reed and hung it on the door on New Year's Eve in December, and also painted a tiger on the door. This was all following the practices of the ancients. Taoism has absorbed this belief. For example, Jin Gehong's "Pillow Book" listed Yu Lei in the Taoist divine genealogy and called him one of the Eastern Ghost Emperors. His "Yuan Shi Shang Zhen Zhong Xian Ji" also said: "Today's people are righteous. In the North Dynasty, two peach figures were placed beside the door, and rooster feathers were placed in the ropes to encourage bravery." Since then, the two gods have been believed by people. For example, Liang Zongmao in the Southern Dynasty said in "Jingchu Sui Sui Ji": Use peach boards to make the door. It is called fairy wood, and two gods are painted on it. The left door is called Shen Tu, and the right door is called Yu Lei. The people call them door gods. Du Taiqing's "Jade Candle Collection" of the Sui Dynasty quoted "Kuo Tu" and said that Shendi and Yu Lei were located under the big peach tree in Taodu Mountain, and they were the door gods. Volume 5 of "Sui Shi Guang Ji" by Chen Yuanliang of the Song Dynasty also has a special article "Bian Di Lei", which says that people often write peach charms on Zhengdan, and engrave Yu Lei and Shen Tea on them. "Beiping Customs and Symbols·Sui Kao" also says: On New Year's Day, the family of nobles and relatives hangs sacred tea and Yulei, and folk place sesame stalks and cypress leaves in the households. "Folk New Year God Statue Picture Exhibition": "The so-called Shen Tu Yu Lei is a figure in the myth of "Shan Hai Jing"... The meaning of the most ancient door god mentioned above has not been completely forgotten so far, and people today still write down its name. The one on the door represents the more popular portrait of the general. "It can be seen that the belief in the two gods is widely spread among the people. The method of worship is roughly as follows: draw the portraits of the two gods and post them on the door, carve the two gods' images with peach wood, hang them on the door, and use cinnabar pens. Write the names of the two gods on the peach board, hang it on the door, and draw Taoist symbols. No matter which method is used, people think it can be used to drive away ghosts. As for the images of the two gods, there is a painting in "The Encyclopedia of Searching Gods from the Origins of Three Religions", in which there are portraits of the two gods. The two gods are located under the peach tree. They have bare chests and exposed breasts. They have black beards and curvy beards, eyebrows and hair, and two horns on their heads. They hold peach wood swords and reed ropes in their hands. They look fierce. No wonder ghosts are afraid when they see them.

2. In the Tang Dynasty, another door god Zhong Kui appeared. He not only caught ghosts, but also ate ghosts. Therefore, people often pasted Zhong Kui’s image on their doors on New Year’s Eve or Dragon Boat Festival to ward off evil spirits. Get rid of ghosts. The Qing Dynasty's Fucha Dunchong's "Yanjing Years' Notes" states: "Every Dragon Boat Festival, shops use yellow paper to cover the red seal, or draw the image of the heavenly master Zhong Kui, or draw the shape of the Five Poison Talisman, and hang it for sale. People in the city rush to buy it and stick to the middle door to avoid evil. "It looks like a leopard with a head like a ring, a nose like a hook, and ears like bells. It is wearing a black gauze hat, black court shoes, and a red robe. Holding a sword in his right hand and catching ghosts with his left hand, he glared angrily, looking majestic and upright. It is said that his ghost-catching ability and prestige are much higher than those of Shendi and Yulei. As for his origin, according to the records of Volume 3 of "Bubi Tan", Volume 4 of "Tianzhong Ji", Volume 14 of "Tongjian of the Immortals of the Past Dynasties" and other books, Zhong Kui was originally from Zhongnan Mountain, Shaanxi Province. In the year 627), he went to Chang'an to take the martial arts examination, but he failed because of his ugly appearance. So he got angry and died on the palace steps. After hearing about it, Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty specially gave him a red official robe for burial. Later, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty occasionally suffered from spleen disease, so he invited many doctors to treat him, but the results were not good, and everyone in the palace was worried. One night after Tang Xuanzong fell asleep, he suddenly dreamed of a little ghost stealing palace belongings and escaping along the palace wall. Tang Xuanzong hurriedly shouted for arrest, and saw a tall and handsome man running up to the palace, catching the little ghost, and eating it. Of. When Xuanzong asked him who he was, he replied that he was "Zhong Kui, a Jinshi who failed in the martial arts examination."

'... The chapter about temple viewing in Yao Zongyi's "Changshu Private Records" of the Ming Dynasty says: There are two great gods at the gate of the Taoist temple: the green dragon Mengzhang god on the left, and the white tiger supervisor god on the right. "LB should point out that the successive emergence of the above three main goalkeepers is not entirely in the form of metabolism, that is, not all new ones immediately replace the old goalkeepers after they appear (this is only the case in some cases), but more After the new ones appear, the old ones are still used without modification, or the new ones and the old ones are worshiped at the same time. As mentioned above, Song Dynasty Chen Yuanliang's "Sui Shi Guang Ji" and Song Gaocheng's "Shi Ji Yuan" both said that the door gods worshiped by the people at that time were: They were still called Shen Tu and Yu Lei, and Zhong Kui had already appeared for a long time. Even in the Qing Dynasty, every New Year's Day, Shen Tu and Yu Lei were still hanging in Guiqi's house. This can be seen in Volume 14 of Rixia Jiuwen Kao. Seventeen quotes from "Beijing Suihua Ji" and "Qing Jia Lu" are also recorded.