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English: alexandre dumasfils.

David Pelletielli, Dumas grandfather, was originally a passionate and lecherous aristocrat on Santo Domingo. His family has a large group of slaves, including a slave named Louise Dumas, who gave birth to a bastard, Thomas Alexander, Dumas father. Thomas wanted to join Napoleon's army when he was an adult, but David Pertili didn't allow him to sign up for the army under his own surname. The arrogant old aristocrat thinks it is shameful for a mixed-race soldier to use his aristocratic surname. Thomas had to join Napoleon's army with his mother's surname. Because of his bravery in battle, he was promoted from a soldier to a general in just seven years. After Napoleon began dictatorship, Thomas was expelled from the army because he was a fierce communist. Dumas was only three and a half years old when Thomas died of depression. Then, my grandfather went bankrupt, and Dumas suddenly got into trouble. After Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo, Dumas 13 years old. His mother wanted to revive his family business, so she asked him to make a choice, whether to adopt the old and dignified aristocratic surname Pertili or keep the slave Dumas' surname. Young Dumas is well aware of the ranking of these two surnames and which one has a great influence on his fate, but he still firmly said to his mother, "I want to keep the surname of Alexander Du Masi Fils!"

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Dumas

Dumas (1824- 1895) is a French novelist and playwright. Representative works include La Traviata, Three Strong Men, Diana de Liss, Mr Alphonse, Denisa and so on. He is the illegitimate son of writer Dumas and the same seamstress. Dumas didn't admit that he was his son until he was seven years old, but he still refused to admit that his mother was his wife. The life experience of an illegitimate child made Dumas ridiculed by the world in his childhood and adolescence. As an adult, I deeply felt that the debauchery of French capitalist society caused many people who were insulted and hurt like their mother and son, and decided to change social morality through literature. He once said: "Any literature is morbid and unsound if it does not aim at the perfection of morality, ideals and interests." This is the basic guiding ideology of his literary creation. The discussion of bourgeois social morality runs through his literary creation. The painful family environment had a profound impact on Dumas' life, so most of his later literary creations focused on discussing social and moral issues. 1848, Dumas published La Traviata, which became famous. 1852, he adapted it into a play of the same name, which was a great success, so he began his drama creation. .

My best work is you. This is a joke told by the famous French writer Dumas to his son Dumas.

◆ A story: I don't want to sit on my father's shoulder and pick apples.

At first, the manuscripts sent by Dumas always hit a wall. His father said to Dumas, "If you can attach a short message to the editor with the manuscript, or just say' I am Dumas son', maybe things will be much better." Dumas stubbornly said, "No, I don't want to sit on your shoulder and pick apples. The apples picked in this way have no taste. " Young Dumas not only refused to use his father's fame as a stepping stone to his career, but also quietly gave himself more than a dozen aliases of other surnames. After the publication of his novel La Traviata, he finally shocked a senior editor with his wonderful creativity and excellent writing style. It was not until later that the editor learned that the author was Dumas' little-known son, Dumas, that he asked doubtfully, "Why didn't you sign your real name on the manuscript?" . Dumas said: "I just want to have a real height."

◆ Two comments: The choice of history is stricter and fairer than that of some people.

On February 2 1875 and February 2 1 day, Dumas was elected to the French Academy of Sciences with a majority of 22 votes and became an "immortal" figure. The title of academician of French Academy of Sciences was the highest honor at that time. Dumas is much luckier than his father and Balzac in this respect. The two of them struggled all their lives and never crossed the threshold of the Academy of Sciences. But the choice of history is stricter and fairer than that of some people. Now probably no one will compare Dumas with Dumas, let alone Balzac. Hugo thinks Dumas is a genius, and Dumas is just talented. This comment is correct, but incomplete.

-more keen to stay in your own small world.

Dumas' name is closely related to La Traviata. La Traviata is his masterpiece, and his novels and scripts are very touching. Unfortunately, Dumas did not expand his creative path and broaden his horizons on this basis. On the contrary, she takes La Traviata as a sample and is keen on writing her own little world. Plus, he can't see through the essence of things, and only writes moral issues from a moral point of view. This makes his works lack depth and breadth, especially in the later period.

Besides La Traviata, he wrote two novels and more than a dozen plays in his life. These works are almost all about the marriage and family problems of the upper class or semi-upper class. Some of these works are obviously autobiographical. La Traviata recreates his love affair with Mary Du Pulei. The careers of beaded wives Diana de Lise and Kerry Duhamel Du Monceau are basically based on his pursuit of Lydia. "bastard" is about your own life.

-Became a moralist after becoming famous.

Another content of his works is to criticize the corruption of life morality. Show sympathy for women who have been cheated and abandoned. This is undoubtedly related to his life experience. Dumas always stood by his mother in the struggle between Dumas and Katrina. He has always expressed deep sympathy for his mother's misfortune. These ideas are reflected in plays, such as the views of Mrs Aubrey, Mr alphonse and Denisa.

Dumas became a moralist after he became famous. There is a didactic role in the play. For example, Delean in Friends of Women knows everything and becomes the director of women's life.

In a word, in the end, Dumas' creative theme is narrow, and this "true height" is limited to moral issues such as marriage, family, unfair relationship between men and women. As Ferdinand Brunais Thier pointed out: "At a certain age, or more accurately, after achieving certain achievements, many writers isolate themselves from the world around them, stop observing and only look at themselves. They ended Goethe's "learning era" and indulged in fantasy. ..... However, fantasy cannot fly in a vacuum. ..... What does the overlord on the stage know when he matures? Just the literary world and the upper class. This is just a trivial part of Paris, just a sinful and elegant upper class. In this small world, the literary works created by writers can't be anything else, just a list of pathological events ... there can't be any really healthy and really simple literature. " "True feelings revealed" —— Dumas and La Traviata

Stories about famous prostitutes circulated in history seem to be found in all countries, such as Su Xiaoxiao in China and Li in Nanjing, while in France, there are several La Traviata.

La Traviata embodies eternal love.

1in September, 844, Dumas fell in love with Marie Duplessis, a famous Parisian prostitute. Mary was born in poverty, lived in Paris and was forced into prostitution. She cherishes Dumas sincere love, but in order to make a living, she still has to keep in touch with rich old people. Dumas angrily wrote a dear John letter to travel abroad. Dumas 1847 returned to China and learned that Mary, who was only 23 years old, was no longer alive. When she was seriously ill, all her former suitors abandoned her, and only two people were buried after her death! After the auction of her relics, she paid off her debts and gave the rest to a poor niece on condition that the heir never came to Paris! Dumas was deeply shocked by the tragedy of real life. Full of regret and thinking, he imprisoned himself in the suburbs, closed the door and began his creative journey. A year later, La Traviata, which embodies eternal love, came out. At this time, Dumas was only 24 years old.

La Traviata truly and vividly describes the story of a young girl who is as pure and beautiful as white camellia in appearance and heart. Margaret, the hero, is a country girl and looks very beautiful. She came to Paris to make a living and unfortunately became a prostitute. Amang, a rich boy, loved her sincerely, which aroused her yearning for love life. But armand's father opposed the marriage and forced her to leave armand. Armand didn't know the truth, looked for opportunities to humiliate her, and finally let her die of poverty and illness. The artistic expression of the work is unique and novel. In organizing the plot, narrative tracing, supplementary narrative, flashback and other techniques are used, which are varied and vivid. The suspense setting is too exciting for people to let go. In particular, the works are full of rich lyrical colors and tragic atmosphere, with touching artistic charm.

The success of La Traviata is undoubtedly great.

It is said that La Traviata caused a sensation throughout the country as soon as it was published, although the upper class angrily criticized that exaggerating the life of prostitutes was "lewd, depraved" and "low-level". But more people are conquered by real and touching stories. The tragic fate of Margaret, the prostitute, the wailing of the soul and the heartfelt regret of Armand, the protagonist, strongly touched the readers' heartstrings and made people "fly by".

Dumas became famous in one fell swoop. He adapted the novel into a play. 1852 staged a five-act drama La Traviata. The theater was full and empty. When Dumas told his father in Belgium that La Traviata was a great success, he wrote in the telegram: "The grand occasion on the first day of the performance was enough to make people mistake it for your work." Father immediately called back: "My best work is you, son!" " "

Dumas debut La Traviata is undoubtedly a great success. Although Dumas later published countless excellent problem dramas, and now there are few fans, this work is enough to make him as famous as Dumas. La Traviata may not win a good evaluation for Dumas in social morality, but it does make the author immortal after his death. Dumas, which people talk about, constitutes a rare spectacle of "father and son with two walls" in the history of French literature and even in the history of world literature.

La Traviata was later adapted into an opera, composed by Verdi, a famous Italian musician, with far-reaching influence. Soon, both scripts and novels quickly crossed national boundaries and spread to European countries. It took the lead in bringing a prostitute wandering in the upper class into the center of literary description, and created the series of "Suffering Girls" in French literature. However, his concern about the social problem of love depravity had a far-reaching impact on the emergence of European realistic novels and the rise of realistic custom dramas in the second half of the19th century.

La Traviata is also the first western literary masterpiece introduced to China. 1897, the famous translator Lin Shu introduced it to China. At that time, it was translated into The Legacy of La Traviata, which produced a great response of "pity a roll of La Traviata, destroying the soul" and was deeply loved by our people. 1907, Japanese students studying in China organized the "Spring Willow Society" and adapted the novel into a script, which was first publicly staged in Tokyo, Japan. This performance also marks the beginning of China's drama.