I was caught by a cat, and the epidemic prevention station is closed today. What should I do?

first of all, you have to know what a vaccine is! Vaccines are attenuated viruses-antibodies produced by the body's immune system after injection to fight the virus! It's antibody against virus, not vaccine against virus!

vaccination may not produce antibodies for various reasons, which is called immune failure! Whether there is an antibody will be known as soon as it is tested! It doesn't mean that you can produce it if you are vaccinated!

If it is suspected that it is an animal with rabies virus! It's not a vaccine! If the vaccine is injected at this time, it will induce the virus that has not attacked! The injection is serum (serum is an exogenous antibody! ) can directly resist the virus!

Finally, you should read the following article carefully and decide for yourself how to deal with it.

Rabies phobia is a unique phenomenon in China. There is no other country in the world like China, where the whole country pays so much attention to rabies. The widespread prejudice and fallacy about rabies is one of the important reasons for the massive abuse of rabies vaccine in China.

On September 8th, the 24th edition of Southern Weekend published "Who should get rabies vaccine? "Rabies phobia" and vaccine abuse "is written by Yan Jiaxin, a researcher at the Rabies Testing Center of Wuhan Institute of Biological Products. I read this popular science article very carefully. Assuming that the conclusions are based on internationally recognized medical research, we can identify some traditional fallacies (are there any economic motives for stakeholders to vigorously promote vaccines? ), from which we can learn several basic conclusions. Because the original text is professional, I summarize it as follows according to my own understanding (I will pay for it if I don't understand it properly):

First, the incubation period of rabies is usually 1-3 months, and the incubation period of a few serious head and face bites may be as short as 7 days, and only less than 1% of the total may be more than one year.

Second, healthy dogs do not spread rabies. The simple and practical identification method is "ten-day observation method". WHO believes that if a dog (or cat) keeps healthy within a 1-day observation period after wounding, the injured person will not be infected.

Third, if you are in an epidemic area where rabies is prevalent, if you have not been vaccinated before, you should immediately inject the vaccine at the same time as you start the "1-day observation method" (you can't wait for 1 days, if the observed animal really dies within 1 days, it will be green), and then determine whether it is necessary to take the next few shots according to the observation results.

Fourth, there is no strict scientific proof that rats and rabbits can infect rabies. Birds, reptiles, fish and insects are not infected with rabies.

Fifth, correct wound irrigation can reduce the incidence rate by more than 5%.

6. Assuming that rabies virus has entered the central nervous system, the vaccine may still be effective at this time. After rabies virus enters the central nervous system, it will either be cleared or become ill within 3-5 days. Under any circumstances, rabies virus can not lurk in the central nervous system (including brain and spinal cord) for a long time.

7. Once rabies attacks, people will die within ten days. Some people have long suspected that they have rabies symptoms, and they must not be rabies.

8. As long as effective antibodies are produced by vaccination before the onset (note: immune failure is not counted), it is impossible for rabies virus to "lurk" in the body and it will not happen again.

9. If you have been immunized for 3-5 times, the protective effect can last for decades. If you are bitten again, 2 stitches are enough. This view is much lower than the standard of the Ministry of Health.

1. Compared with WHO, our current national standard is obviously vaccine abuse. This is not only a serious waste of resources, but also the official caliber has guided the "fear of madness" of the whole people.

These summaries are still too professional. Let me put it more bluntly: If you are bitten and scratched by a cat or dog, 1. Wash it at the first time, and immunize you all the time (3-5 stitches for the first time, and 2 stitches at most if you are bitten accidentally later); 2, observe the little guy who caused the accident for 1 days. If it is fine, you will be fine, and you don't need to hit the needle at the back; 3. If you can't follow up on the little guy's situation, it will be fine for at most one year after completing step 1 (there will be no terrorist rumors lurking for decades); 4, if the little guy really hangs up within 1 days, you will have a chance to win if you finish step 1 in the first time; Go to the doctor immediately, and don't let it attack (it's hopeless if it has already attacked).

To put it bluntly, what I really want to express is that cats and dogs are generally healthy. After being bitten, we should face it with a scientific attitude and simply deal with it scientifically. We can't ignore it, but we don't need to exaggerate or panic. Mania, dog phobia, neighborhood disputes, social contradictions and long-term misleading of public opinion are hard to blame. It is the interests that mislead the public, and it is the ignorance that leads to the unique spectacle that China people divide their attitudes towards cats and dogs into two camps: love and hate. The lives of cats and dogs have become the most pitiful victims of some interest groups under the gorgeous and legitimate banner of public health and safety.

appendix: who should get rabies vaccine? "Rabies phobia" and vaccine abuse

Rabies phobia is a unique phenomenon in China. There is no other country in the world like China, where the whole country pays so much attention to rabies. The widespread prejudice and fallacy about rabies is one of the important reasons for the massive abuse of rabies vaccine in China.

Besides AIDS, rabies is the infectious disease that people are most afraid of at present in China. Rabies phobia, referred to as "phobia", has now become a very popular psychological disease that can almost keep pace with "phobia".

Recently, the abuse of rabies vaccine in China has aroused widespread concern. The consumption of rabies vaccine in China reaches 15 million people every year, exceeding 8% of the global total. If vaccines are not used at all, 3, people will die of rabies every year in China. This means that 99.8% of the vaccinators could not be vaccinated in theory, and at least one third of them may be abused. So, what circumstances may belong to abuse? How to avoid abuse?

The most common manifestation of phobia is the abuse of rabies vaccine, and even after repeated vaccination, people are still worried. The prevalence of phobia is obviously one of the important reasons for the massive abuse of rabies vaccine in China.

Rabies is an infectious disease with the highest mortality and low incidence, and people easily overreact. At present, unscientific remarks about rabies are rampant on the Internet or in real life, and all kinds of strange opinions are quite common among "experts" and the public, which makes some people who have contact with dogs and cats (even those who have no contact at all) stay in fear for a long time, and even develop into obsessive-compulsive disorder or hysteria. Some people have been vaccinated many times, but they still travel thousands of miles to Wuhan for antibody testing every month, fearing that "once the antibodies are reduced, rabies will break out." Some people think that the virus has sneaked into their brains, they will die, lose their jobs, check information online all day, and are at a loss among all kinds of conflicting information. Some people suspect that the vaccine is fake, that there is a live virus in the vaccine, that the rabies virus can spread through the air, that nurses and experts are struggling with endless troubles all day.

when it comes to rabies, we should first make clear the most basic fact: the risk of rabies is not comparable to that of AIDS (there is no effective vaccine for the latter, and the relevant basic immune mechanism is still unknown). The prevention and treatment of rabies is a problem that has been basically solved in medicine for a long time. Rabies has been effectively controlled in all developed countries and some developing countries around the world, and the number of rabies deaths has remained at or near zero every year for many years. Rabies is 1% preventable: No matter how serious the exposure is, as long as it is treated according to the scheme recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO), the onset can be 1% avoided.

In this article, the author will list some representative situations and explain how to avoid the abuse of rabies vaccine. The author will provide several simple and practical criteria to help patients with phobia get out of the shadows as soon as possible.

How long is the incubation period

The incubation period of rabies may be as long as forty years? Fifty years? Even for life? China is going to set another Guinness Book of Records? In some professional magazines and even textbooks in China, the incubation period of rabies is often described as long as several decades.

Are these "cases" in China really rabies? Because there is no laboratory diagnosis basis, or it can't be proved that no new infection has occurred in the near future (for example, through some special or rare ways), these "cases" have not been recognized by international academic circles, and even passed down as jokes internationally, as an example of the low level of relevant science in China.

domestic and foreign data show that the incubation period of rabies is usually 1-3 months, and the incubation period of a few serious head and face bites may be as short as 7 days, and the incubation period of a few cases (less than 1% of the total) may be longer than one year.

At present, the longest incubation period of rabies recognized by the international mainstream scientific community is 6 years, and American scholars reported the case in professional magazines in 1991. The deceased was a Filipino immigrant who had never left the United States after immigrating to the United States. Because there is very little chance of rabies infection in the United States, and the results of partial gene sequence analysis prove that the rabies virus isolated from the brain of the deceased is the same as the strain prevalent in the country where the deceased came from, this report proves with the most convincing evidence so far that the incubation period of rabies may be as long as 6 years.

Because the number of similar cases is too small and the relevant evidence chain is not complete, there are still objections to the case report in relevant academic circles. For example, many French scholars think that cases with incubation period of more than one year, if any, are extremely rare, and the possibility of recurrence after one year is negligible. They all laughed off the idea of a longer incubation period.

There are too many people who have been bitten by dogs in China for decades. If the incubation period of rabies is really that long, so many people should be vaccinated, then the amount of rabies vaccination in China will increase by a considerable amount every year. Many phobia patients are scared silly by the legend that rabies has a long incubation period.

To promote the "ten-day observation method"

We should firmly believe that healthy dogs do not spread rabies! Based on the results of field investigation in China, experts from China and the United States jointly wrote related papers, which were published in the third issue of American Journal of Vector-borne Diseases of Man and Animals in 28. However, appearance health is not equal to real health, so it must be tested by experiments or identified by "ten-day observation". After a person is bitten by a dog, if the dog can be killed immediately and the brain tissue can be taken for testing, it can be determined whether the bitten person needs to be vaccinated according to the test results (whether there is virus or not). If the animals are unconditionally killed on the spot for testing, the "1-day observation method" recognized by WHO can be applied: "If the dogs (or cats) remain healthy within the 1-day observation period, ... the treatment can be terminated."

in recent ten years, our laboratory has not found any evidence at home and abroad that can deny the "ten-day observation method". This method is a simple and practical method to judge whether dogs (or cats) are infectious, and it is also suitable for China.

It should be noted that in rabies epidemic areas, people who have not been vaccinated before should immediately start post-exposure prevention at the same time as starting the "1-day observation method", and then determine whether the next 2 or 3 shots of vaccine can be saved according to the observation results.

At present, most dogs or cats kept in cities are pets, and they usually have little contact with the outside world, so it is convenient to implement the "ten-day observation method". If the "ten-day observation method" is popularized in China, not only can the dosage of vaccine be greatly reduced (possibly by half of the total dosage), but also the vast majority of patients with phobia can be liberated more quickly.

What should I do if I am bitten by a rat or rabbit?

The relevant report of p>WHO points out: "The inspection of thousands of rodents in wild and residential areas in North America and Europe shows that few rodents are infected with rabies, indicating that these animals are not the storage hosts of the disease." "After exposure to rodents such as rabbits and hares, special anti-rabies post-exposure prevention is rarely needed."

There are occasional statistical reports of rabies cases transmitted by rats in Chinese literature reports, but the identification of injured animals depends on the oral memories of patients or their families, which has limited scientific value and the total number is very small.

According to the author's data collection and research for many years, it is considered that the above viewpoints of WHO are basically applicable to China. Especially in non-key epidemic areas, if you are bitten by rats and rabbits, the possibility of rabies is extremely small, and you usually don't need to be vaccinated against rabies.

There are many opportunities for people to be bitten by rats-3%-1% of all animal injuries. If you don't vaccinate in such cases, the annual dosage of vaccine may be saved by up to 1/1.

regarding the disposal of rats after biting, China's Ministry of Health has not yet issued relevant work specifications. It is suggested that the patients should weigh whether they need to be vaccinated with rabies vaccine while objectively publicizing the fact that the probability of rabies caused by rat biting is extremely small.

In addition, birds (such as chickens, ducks and geese), reptiles (such as lizards, turtles and snakes), fish and insects have never suffered from rabies, so it is impossible to infect rabies.

Correctly treat "indirect transmission"

The source and transmission route of rabies are relatively simple, mainly through scratches or bites by dogs or cats. WHO clearly stipulates that post-exposure prevention is managed in three levels. For class I exposure, that is, touching or feeding animals, or licking the whole skin of animals, preventive measures are not needed. Other so-called "indirect transmission" modes that many patients with phobia are worried about actually have a small probability, so they can usually be ignored. If some people have a particularly heavy psychological burden because of this, which seriously affects their daily work and study, they can also be vaccinated with 3 shots. After vaccination, you can basically sit back and relax-neutralizing antibodies may last for years or even decades, during which time they are sufficiently resistant to the so-called "indirect transmission".

We should fully understand the important role of wound cleaning. Correct wound irrigation can reduce the incidence rate by more than 5%. For many specious "indirect transmission" or slight exposure in non-epidemic areas, wound cleaning is actually enough to completely remove the possibility of a very small infection, and it is not necessary to insist on vaccination.

regarding the important role of wound treatment, there is a typical example: the earliest recorded rabies in Europe occurred in Lyon, France in 9 AD: a bear went crazy, bit 2 people at a time, and then fled to the other side of a small river. Among the bitten people, 14 people swam across the river to kill the bear, probably because the river naturally washed away the virus in the wound, and none of them were infected with rabies virus; The six people who didn't go after the bear (and thus didn't clean the wound) all died of rabies later (it seems that all the brave people got good results).

viruses in the central nervous system

Many patients with "phobia" like to ask the following question: After rabies virus enters nerve cells, does the antibody triggered by the vaccine not work? Can antibodies eliminate viruses in the central nervous system (CNS)?

A large number of original and newly discovered evidences show that rabies virus antibodies can not only neutralize the virus in peripheral nerve cells, but also completely eliminate the virus in CNS under certain conditions. After rabies virus enters the CNS, it will either be cleared or become ill within 3-5 days. Under any circumstances, rabies virus can't lurk in CNS (including brain and spinal cord) for a long time.

once rabies attacks, people will die within ten days. So any kind of symptoms, if suspected to be related to rabies, after ten days, the