The tomb of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum has not been opened yet, so it seems that there is no chance to see it in my life?

Give you eight reasons that our generations can't see: first, can you build a greenhouse with a span of more than 500 meters?

Let's look at the first premise that we can't dig, that is, how big is the land seal of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum, that is, the tomb that the people say? "Han Wang Chuan Liu Xiang Chuan" said: "It is fifty feet high, which is more than one in five weeks." In the Qin Dynasty, one foot was about 23 centimeters in modern times, and fifty feet was about 1 15 meters. The first Li in Qin Dynasty is 4 14 meters, and the fifth Li is 2070 meters, which is probably the original scale of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum. However, after more than 2000 years of natural erosion and artificial exploitation, the existing fenced land is smaller than the original fenced land. A few years ago, the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses Archaeological Team conducted drilling in order to understand the actual size of the original sealed soil accumulation. It is found that the original foundation part of the earth seal is approximately square. The circumference is similar to the data of "more than five weeks in a week" in Hanshu, which is 2000 meters, 5 15 meters long from north to south and 485 meters wide from east to west. In this case, a protective shed with a span of not less than 500 meters should be built before excavation. If we can't build a shed with a span of 500 meters, it's impossible to dig the Qin Mausoleum.

As we all know, the structure of the Qin Mausoleum is composed of underground palaces and tombs on the ground. People are most concerned about the underground palace where treasures are buried first. If you can dig out the underground palace, you have to dig out the grave on the ground first. If you dig a grave, you can neither blast it with explosives nor push it with bulldozers, let alone dig it with excavators. Just can't dig quickly, you can only dig slowly, otherwise whose cultural relics are broken? It takes a long time to dig a little, and it will go through spring, summer, autumn and winter. It is necessary to shelter from the wind and rain. Just like digging a pit of terracotta warriors and horses, it is necessary to build a shed first, which is conducive to excavation and protection of unearthed objects. Otherwise, even if people can work in the open air, what about the excavated underground palace? Should winter be buried by heavy snow? Summer is soaked in heavy rain again and again?

Can the shed be made smaller? Is it possible to erect a few columns on the enclosure to reduce the problem of crossing warping that cannot be solved technically? The answer is no, the pillar stands on the grave, how to remove all the sealing soil? Even if you take 10 thousand steps back, you can still stand. After the underground palace is dug up, there are big pillars everywhere. How to ensure the plane integrity of the underground palace? What's more, does the soil condition under the existing grave meet the requirements of the column? So it is necessary to build a shed with a span of more than 500 meters. Are there any houses in the world that span 500 meters at present? I am not so sure. However, there are not a few bridges with a single span of more than 500 meters, such as Shanghai Lupu Bridge with 550 meters and Chongqing Chaotianmen Bridge with 552 meters. All these show that modern technology has been able to build long-span beam frames. The question is, if such a greenhouse can be built, even if the goal of building the whole grave into a greenhouse is achieved, will the soil be dug out?

Second, robbing the tomb will make the ground landscape of Qin tomb disappear.

The most direct problem is that the ground landscape of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum will disappear after the tomb above the ground is dug up. Without graves, how can people feel the magnificent panorama of the Qin tombs? How can people feel the hardship and greatness of building such a project? If you don't dig a grave, but use a greenhouse to "wrap" the Qin Mausoleum, how can this new greenhouse coordinate with the landscape of the cemetery and the surrounding mountains? Some people say that since it is difficult to build a greenhouse on sealed soil, why not find a tomb door on the mausoleum, dig a hole down and dig directly into the underground palace? So, where is the underground palace? How deep is it? Two years ago, archaeological exploration found that the large-scale underground palace was located below the top of the mound, about 35 meters deep from the ground, and the underground palace was about the size of a quasi-football field.

Regardless of whether this detection is the actual situation of the Qin mausoleum underground palace? Even so, is the location of the underground palace located where it has been detected? What if it is misplaced? There is an introduction about the depth of the underground palace of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum in the historical materials "Nine Meanings of Han Dynasty", to the effect that in 2 10 BC, Prime Minister Lisi reported to Qin Shihuang that he had built the Mount Li with 720,000 people, and it had been dug deep, as if it were underground. After hearing this, Qin Shihuang ordered "to walk another 300 feet or even." Whether it is the authenticity of historical data or the accuracy of conversion scale, our psychological preparation can withstand it. What if the results of excavation are different from those of detection? Because the location of the underground palace is as confusing as the vague image of Qin Shihuang in our hearts.

Third, how to get up and down the underground palace?

If the underground palace is 35 meters deep from the present surface, it is equivalent to a high-rise building with about 15 floors. If the vertical wall is made of stone or even earth and stone, it is still very strong. If it's just stone walls and earth walls like terracotta warriors and horses pits, will it lead to collapse? To say the least, if reinforced, wouldn't it change the original form of the vertical wall itself and become a modern man-made product? Also, the terracotta warriors and horses pit is about 3 to 5 meters from the surface, and you can see it clearly without going down, but the underground palace is more than ten times deeper, and a fence can't let it go down. Can't tourists see with binoculars? If the passage is covered with stairs, escalators and elevators, wouldn't it destroy the structural landscape inside the underground palace?

4. How long will it take to finish the excavation of Qin Mausoleum?

If we use the most mechanical algorithm, which can be said to be almost a joke, we do not calculate the time cost, nor consider the actual burial situation, nor consider the investment of manpower, material resources and financial resources, but only calculate the excavation area, and we can see the following conversion process and results:

Transformation 1: Qin Jinggong No.1 Tomb in Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province is the largest pre-Qin tomb excavated in China at present, with a total area of 5,334 square meters and a depth of 24 meters. The Qin Mausoleum covers an area of 250,000 square meters, about 50 times larger than it. Qin cemetery was discovered in 1976, cleaned in 1986 and dug in 10. So, will Qin Ling be dug for 400-500 years? Conversion 2: The total area of Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit is about 20,780 square meters, and the area of Qin Mausoleum is about 13 times weaker than the total area of Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit, and the depth is 6-7 times. After 30 years of excavation, the total excavation area accounts for about 215 of the total site area, and about 4,500 square meters have been excavated. According to the actual excavation method of Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit, the area of Qin Mausoleum is 50 times of the total excavation area of Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit. How many years will it take to dig?

Another ridiculous algorithm, but it may be a bit reliable. Regardless of the cubic area and depth of the tomb, only the underground area of the Qin Mausoleum is calculated: north-south 170 m× north-south 145 m ≈ 25,000 square meters, which is more than four times the area of the Qin cemetery, and it will take 40 years to dig; It is more than five times the actual excavation area of Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit, and will be excavated 150 years. Two years ago, economist Zhang Wuchang said that once the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor was excavated, it would immediately generate tens of billions of economic benefits. He may have only calculated the economic account, but he didn't expect to dig for so many years, did he? !

Don't look at these boring data. If the conditions are really ripe in the distant future, if our descendants really want to open the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, these materials will certainly have important reference value. Although there are many statements about these data, and there is no authoritative and credible statistical conclusion at present, it clearly conveys the message that there is still a lot of work to be done in the archaeological excavation of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit, and there are still a lot of relics and remains buried underground, which will also bring us countless judgments, guesses, controversies and inferences. What's more, the scale and volume of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit are far from comparable to the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang.

Thirty years later, only one third of the terracotta warriors and horses pits have been excavated. The mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor covers an area of 56.25 square kilometers, and only one tenth of the total area has been drilled in detail. The central part of the cemetery covers an area of about 2 square kilometers, and it is relatively clear that the part buried underground only accounts for one third of the central area. More than 500 kinds of burial pits and tombs, as well as millions of square meters of palace buildings, have been found in the cemetery, and basically no formal excavation has been carried out. The archaeological team of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses has gone through two generations since its establishment. Most old archaeologists have retired, and some are no longer alive. In this regard, Yuan, the first captain of the retired archaeological team, said: "The archaeological work of the Terracotta Warriors and Mausoleums of Qin Shihuang has a long way to go and the archaeological task is very arduous. It takes several generations and hundreds of years of unremitting efforts. " What he said is reliable and telling the truth. Fifth, the protection technology is not good. This is the most talked about reason by many officials and experts, but it is also the most deceptive. It's been a cliche for more than ten or twenty years, and it has become a rigid body armor. As long as someone proposed to dig the emperor's tomb, he moved out to resist the rhetoric that the protection technology should not be too hard, the silk might harden and the utensils would change color. In my opinion, it seems very professional and scientific, but it is not new and meaningless. Fatally, this statement is very misleading. Its subtext is that once the protection conditions are ripe and the technical problems are overcome, everything is available except to open your arms and dig hard.

In fact, how can it be so simple to dig a big mausoleum like Qin Shihuang's mausoleum? If the cultural relics in the underground palace are not stolen or destroyed, it must be extremely rich. The protection of paintings, silk paintings, murals, lacquerware, bamboo slips, pottery and wood products will become a headache, and the maintenance of the underground palace itself will soon become a huge bottomless pit. In 2006, China Heritage reported that even if it was not organic matter such as silk, nor inorganic matter such as terracotta warriors and horses, dozens of diseases were born after long-term exposure. In order to overcome the technical difficulties of protection, scientific and technological personnel make constant efforts to solve the immediate troubles. It can be seen that even if the four reasons mentioned in the last article are not mentioned, look at the following reasons. If you use any one, you will both dig and not dig.

6. Is the ability to explore enough and the ability to learn enough?

The excavation of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum not only has the problem of whether it can be protected after excavation, but also has the risk of major mistakes in excavation itself. What's more, we are confused and worried that we have no research ability now?

The excavation of the underground palace involves a series of survey, drilling, excavation and restoration techniques. We have no precedent for scientifically exposing the tombs of civil buildings, and we lack the experience of direct excavation. Who can guarantee that archaeologists will not make mistakes in excavation? ! From the perspective of archaeology, what promotes the progress of archaeology is the discovery itself and the method of discovery-missing the discovery can leave the opportunity for future generations with stronger technical ability, but because of the mistakes and limitations of our current methods or research capabilities, this is a historical sin and regret. Faced with such non-renewable resources and irreversible historical and cultural heritage, who dares to say "pay tuition" lightly? Who will pay the bill? Who are you responsible for? Can taxpayers promise? What can citizens do?

7. How big is the investment?

China people are now in good economic conditions and are not short of money. However, a large-scale mausoleum like Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum needs to be excavated with huge manpower, material resources and financial resources. If there is not enough financial support, the gap is too big and the follow-up is insufficient, the excavation work can not be carried out at all, and it is even more difficult to maintain. At present, to build a provincial museum on the ground in China, excluding land and relocation, according to the current construction cost, it needs at least 1 100 million yuan, which is still a low price that makes people laugh. It is not unusual to spend 300 million yuan to build a provincial museum. An example two years ago was Suzhou Museum, which was designed by Mr. Pei. The construction area is only about Qinling underground palace110, with a total investment of 339 million yuan. Not long ago, there were even media reports that the budget of Wenchuan Earthquake Museum in Sichuan was about 2.3 billion yuan, which caused an uproar in the whole country. How much investment is needed to dig the Qin Mausoleum? How much will it cost to build the Qin Mausoleum Museum after it is dug? How much investment does it take to build a museum for daily maintenance and protection? I'm afraid this is beyond my budget.

In addition to manpower and material resources, it is even more unpredictable. I remember that in the most tense moment of the rescue of the cultural relics in the Three Gorges Project, nearly 100 archaeological teams from all over the country worked at the same time, and it took more than ten years to rescue only about one tenth of the main cultural relics in the flooded area. It's hard to say whether Shaanxi did the archaeological work of the Qin Mausoleum itself or recruited archaeologists from all over the country or even the world. Coupled with the archaeological scale of hundreds of thousands or even tens of thousands of people and related indirect staffing, it is simply comparable to the "conference war." Even food, clothing, housing and transportation, eating and drinking Lazar are enough to bear. The planned Qin Shihuang Mausoleum Ruins Park is also a national key project, with an investment of more than 500 million yuan and an area of 56.25 square kilometers, which is equivalent to 70 or 80 Forbidden City and almost the size of a city. One of the achievements of the Three Gorges Project is the establishment of Chongqing municipality. Will the construction of Qinling Mountain make Xi 'an or Xianyang a municipality directly under the central government? Therefore, we really have to admire Qin Shihuang. In that year, 700,000 people participated in the construction of his mausoleum. How did he and his officials dispatch and coordinate the army to repair the mausoleum?

8. Do relevant international organizations agree or disagree with the excavation?

The Qin Mausoleum is an internationally famous site listed in the World Cultural Heritage List. Will UNESCO and the World Heritage Committee interfere with the excavation of the Qin Mausoleum? How to intervene? All this is unknown, even in our country moved and understood, people finally agreed. Will it be like when Egypt built the Aswan new dam, UNESCO launched the "International Action to Save Nubian Sites" and organized 22 countries to participate, which lasted for 20 years from 65438 to 0960? If it is internationalized, will foreign excavations-we only talk about this one-conflict with our existing archaeological excavation standards? For example, they have to dig underground bit by bit, inch by inch, which is extremely slow and has many rules. How long will it take to dig? In order to protect cultural relics and delay the construction of the country's number one project, which ruler can have the courage and foresight to undertake this responsibility? When the cultural relics of the Three Gorges Project were rescued, it was not without foreigners wanting to invest and sending people to participate. Some heads of state came to China to intercede. Fortunately, we China people did it quickly and economically, otherwise foreigners would intervene, emphasize scientific exploration, get a hand shovel to dry bamboo sticks slowly, and even study a grass thorn for half a day, so when the Three Gorges Dam can store water, cut the ribbon. Taking history as a mirror, digging the Qin Mausoleum is not only a scientific issue, but also may involve international issues, which many people have not thought of. This is what I saw elsewhere.