Classical Chinese reading Wang Bangrui

1. History of the Ming Dynasty. Answers to the biography of Wang Bangrui in classical Chinese

Wang Bangrui, courtesy name Weixian, was from Yiyang. Already have knowledge. When he was a student, thieves were on the rise in Shandong, and the Kou 14 strategy was used by the prefect to encircle and suppress the thieves. He became a Jinshi in the twelfth year of Zhengde. Changed to Shujishi. He was involved with the royal family and became the magistrate of Guangzhou. In the early years of Jiajing, his grandfather passed away and left. Supplement Chuzhou. He was promoted to doctor in the Ministry of Civil Affairs of Nanjing many times and served as a professor of education and rehabilitation in Shaanxi. Because more than five people failed to pay tribute every year, he was demoted to the magistrate of Binzhou. He was promoted to deputy envoy of Guyuan Military Preparation again. Li Mengchun, a big thief from Jing and Xun, robbed the east and west of the river and wiped out the people. Because my grandmother left in mourning. After the mourning period expired, he studied in Shaanxi again and transferred to participate in politics. Mother passed away and left her job. He was promoted to the title of censor of Youyudu and governor of Ningxia. The enemy invades on the ice and is defeated. He was appointed Minister of Dali in Nanjing. If he fails, he will be recalled to serve as the right minister of the Ministry of War. Know

He was transferred to the official position and promoted to the left. I invaded the capital and ordered Guorui to governor Jiumen. Guorui was outside the Forbidden City, patrolling Chang'an Street east and west of the military camp, and opened the city gate wide to admit those who were hiding from bandits in the surrounding suburbs. Ding Rukui, the Minister of War, was imprisoned and ordered Guorui to mention the matter and also served as the admiral of the regiment camp. The enemy retreated, and all the generals were asked to consider their merits and deeds, and to dredge the nine trenches, and all of them responded with permission. Guorui saw that the camp schedule was relaxed and stated its disadvantages. So the twelve regiments and camps were dismissed and all returned to the three major camps, led by Qiu Luan, the Marquis of Xianning. Guorui was also appointed as Zuo Shilang of the Ministry of War, specializing in supervising the affairs of the Beijing camp. He also stated six things to promote advantages and eliminate disadvantages. It is said in the book that eunuchs are in charge of the army. In the face of great disasters in the past and present, please remove all those who supervise the guns. The emperor replied in compliance. He also appointed Zhao Shichun, the former editor, and director of the Ministry of Works to know the war, and was transferred to the Ministry of War to manage the affairs of the Beijing camp. Soon, the emperor summoned the Minister of War, Weng Wanda, who had not arrived yet, so he ordered Guo Rui to take over. How to steal twelve things on the article. Lord

Qiu Luan Qiu Luan framed Bang Rui as the emperor, and God's favor gradually shifted. In Xiaoluanzou, Li Fengming, the chief military officer of Jizhou, and Xu Ganjue, the chief military officer of Datong, were dismissed, and they recommended Cheng Xun, the deputy general of the Beijing camp, to replace Feng Ming, and Xu Ren, the deputy general of Miyun, to replace Hubei. Mainly from the middle and bottom. Guorui said: "When the imperial court changes generals, it is up to your majesty to decide who should be selected. Therefore, be careful to guard against the dangers. Show me what I dare not decide. Moreover, the generals in the capital camp and the generals in the towns do not rule each other. Why does the capital camp, so, Lifting and lowering the towns. Now that Qu Yuluan is here, I am afraid that all the generals from the nine sides will flee and rely on him. This is not a blessing for the country. "The emperor was unhappy and issued an order to condemn him. Xiao Luan wanted to control the border generals again and stopped building the Jizhen border wall. Guorui thought it was impossible. Xiao Luan was very regretful and even more slanderous. Zai Guorui also explained how to steal the big plan, so he was strictly dismissed and acted in a civilized manner. After a few days, the big plan was stated. He was eventually removed and replaced by Zhao Jin. After Guorui left, Xiao Luan became even more arrogant. He was executed the next year, and Jinxiu was sent to guard because of party competition, so the emperor gradually thought of it. Ten years later, there was a shortage of people in the capital camp. The emperor said: "It must be Bangrui." So he got up and became an official. I know

After arriving, I have arrived, and I have a few things to ask, all of which are allowed. Died after a year. He was given to Prince Shaobao and given the nickname Xiang Yi, and envoys were sent to escort him back to his hometown for burial. Zhai

Guorui Guorui is strict, resolute and knowledgeable. He has served as an official for forty years and is known for his integrity.

2. Classical Chinese translation of Wang Bangrui in Ming Dynasty

Wang Bangrui, courtesy name Weixian, was from Yiyang. He had magnanimity and talent when he was young. When he was in Zhusheng, bandits were on the rise in Shandong, and he submitted 14 strategies to the prefect to suppress the bandits. In the twelfth year of Zhengde's reign, he passed the Jinshi examination. He was appointed as a shujishi and had connections with the royal family, so he left the capital and became the magistrate of Guangde.

In the early years of Jiajing, he resigned due to the death of his grandfather. Come and serve as Chuzhou. He was promoted to a doctor in the Ministry of Civil Affairs of Nanjing several times and was transferred to serve as a scholar in Shaanxi Province. Because more than five of the students admitted to the Imperial Academy failed to pass the examination, they were convicted and demoted to Binzhou magistrate. Then he was moved to Guyuan as Deputy Envoy of Military Preparation. Li Mengchun, a bandit from Jing and Fen, ran around and robbed the east and west of the Yellow River. Wang Bangrui suppressed them.

Wang Bangrui is serious and resolute, talented and generous. He has been an official for 40 years and is known for his integrity and integrity. 3. Classical Chinese reading "Dou Wei"

Sorry, there are no reading questions online. I found the biography of Dou Wei from an old Tang book and translated it by hand, hoping it could be used as a reference.

Dou Wei, courtesy name Wenwei, was born in Pinglu, Fufeng, and was Empress Taimu's father and brother. Father Chi, Taifu of Sui Dynasty. The Wei family is noble, and all Kun's brothers are also good at martial arts, but Wei is obsessed with literature and history, and is self-defeating. All the brothers looked at him and called him a "bookworm". The internal history of the Sui Dynasty ordered Li Delin to show off his talents, shoot the armor department, and worship the secretary Lang.

When the rank is full, it is time to move, but to stick to it. When the secretary is more than ten years old, his studies have become more and more extensive. At that time, all the brothers used their military exploits to achieve official status, made friends with the rich and powerful, and had many guests, while the powerful officials were idle. The brothers even said to Wei: "In the past, when Confucius accumulated knowledge and became a sage, he was still in a state of embarrassment. He has lived so late. If you follow this path, what else do you want? If you don't have a good reputation and position, it's appropriate." Wei laughed and didn't answer. . For a long time, King Xiu of Shu established a record room. He used Xiu to do many illegal things and returned to the fields after claiming illness. When Xiu was deposed, many officials in the government were convicted, but Wei Wei used his foresight to save his life. In the fourth year of Daye's reign, he was moved to the imperial palace. He disobeyed the imperial edict by counting the gains and losses, and was transferred to the imperial examination doctor. After that, he was relieved of his duties and returned to the capital. Emperor Gaozu entered the Pass and summoned the chief minister of the Prime Minister's Office to join the army. At that time, the army was founded, and the five rituals fell. Wei was a great expert in history and knew much about old rituals, imperial regulations, and national canons, all of which were determined by him. Wen Han from the Zen Dynasty was heavily involved in them. Emperor Gaozu often said to Pei Ji: "Shusun Tong can't add him." In the first year of Wude, he paid homage to the internal history order. The powerful memorials on grace often cited ancient edicts. Emperor Gaozu was very fond of them, and they were sometimes introduced into the sleeping room, often as a kneeling mat. He also said: "In the past, there was a noble in the Eight Pillar Kingdom in the Zhou Dynasty, and I and the Duke were appointed to this position. Now I am the emperor, and the Duke is the internal history order. The original is the same but the end is different, which is unfair." Wei Xie said: " In the Han Dynasty, my family was once again a relative. As for the Later Wei Dynasty, I had three wives. Your Majesty was prosperous and returned to the queen. I was also in Qili, and I was in Fengchi. I was worried about it in the morning. " Emperor Gaozu laughed and said, "I see people from Guandong marrying Cui and Lu, but I feel so proud of myself. It's so noble to be the emperor's relative on my behalf!" When he was sick, Emperor Gaozu went to ask questions. Looking for death, the family has no wealth left, and the funeral order is scanty. His posthumous title was Jing, and he was given the title of governor of Tongzhou and posthumously granted the title of Duke of Yan'an. On the day of the funeral, the prince and officials were ordered to go out together to see him off. There are ten volumes of collected works.

Translation: Dou Wei, courtesy name Wenwei, was a native of Fufeng Pinglu and the elder brother of Empress Taimu's stepfather. His father, Dou Chi, was once the Tutor of the Sui Dynasty. Dou Wei's family has made meritorious deeds for many generations, and several of his brothers advocate martial arts, but Dou Wei likes literature and history. He is upright and sticks to his heart. The brothers all laughed at him and called him a "bookworm". Li Delin, the internal historian of the Sui Dynasty, won the imperial examination, ranked first in archery and strategy, and became a secretary. When his official term expired, he was about to be transferred, but he stayed on and worked as a secretary for more than ten years, and his studies also made progress. At that time, Dou Wei's brothers all became high-ranking officials through military merit, and made friends with high-ranking officials and dignitaries. Their family was filled with guests, but Dou Wei's official career was leisurely. The brothers laughed at him even more and said: "Confucius studied and became a sage before, but he was still very embarrassed at that time. What do you want to do after learning from him? The official position is not high, it is normal." Dou Wei smiled and did not answer. King Xiu of Shu came to Shu and was demoted to the office of reporter. Because Xiu did not abide by the law, he resigned and returned to his hometown on the pretext of illness. After Xiu was demoted, most of the officials who accompanied him were convicted. Only Dou Wei had the foresight to save himself. In the fourth year of Daye (era), he was promoted many times and became a member of the Internal Affairs Bureau. Because his admonitions offended the emperor, he was transferred to the Kao Gong Doctor. Later, because some things could not be done, he returned to the capital. Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty entered Hulao Pass and summoned and supplemented the records of the Prime Minister's Office to join the army. At that time, wars were going on one after another, and all rules and regulations were broken. Dou Wei was knowledgeable and knew the previous rules and regulations, so he redesignated them, and Wenhan of the Zen Dynasty also participated in most of them. Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty said to Pei Ji many times: "There is no one better than Shu Suntong." In the first year of Wude (reign name), he made the internal history order. Wei Dou was dignified in appearance and quoted scriptures when he played. Tang Gaozu admired him very much and sometimes took him to the bedroom and often sat and chatted with him. The emperor once said: "In the past, there were eight national pillars in the Zhou Dynasty, and I was just like yours. Now I am the emperor, and you are the internal history order. They are basically the same, but the level is different." Dou Wei thanked the emperor, He said: "My family was the emperor's in-laws in the Han Dynasty. In the Later Wei Dynasty, we became the emperor's in-laws three times. Your Majesty, you are highly virtuous and respected, and you are more respected than the empress's family. We are about to become in-laws, and our official position is so high, we will be afraid sooner or later." "Tang Gaozu said with a smile: "I want the Guandong people to marry Cui and Lu Wei, and become a high-ranking official. When you become rich, you will start to be proud. You have been the emperor's in-laws for generations, aren't you particularly prominent?" When Dou Wei was seriously ill, Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty went to visit him personally. Dou Wei died soon after. His family did not have much money, and his last words were simply to hold a funeral. The imperial court gave him the posthumous title of Jing Jing, posthumously named him the governor of Tongzhou, and posthumously named him the Duke of Yan'an. On the day of the burial, the emperor ordered the prince and all the civil and military officials to go out to see him off. He has ten volumes of collected works. 4. Classical Chinese reading Chen Dengyun, courtesy name Conglong, from Tangshan

Chen Dengyun’s full text translation:

Chen Dengyun, courtesy name Conglong, from Tangshan. In the fifth year of Wanli (1577), he was awarded Jinshi status and was appointed magistrate of Yanling County. With the best political performance, he was promoted to censor.

After leaving Liaodong, Shangshu stated ten countermeasures to stabilize the border, and also requested that the establishment of a reward system for first achievements be accelerated. Later he was changed to governor of Shanxi.

Back in the capital, the ministers of the imperial court happened to be debating the matter of establishing a prince. Chen Dengyun believed that the imperial concubine's family was secretly causing trouble because of the delay in making a decision in the court meeting. In June of the 16th year of Wanli (1588), Shang Shu impeached the concubine's father, Zheng Chengxian, because of a disaster. He said: "Zheng Chengxian harbored evil intentions and coveted the crown prince. He interacted with eunuchs every day to discuss countermeasures, and he made extensive friends with mountain men, magicians, Taoist priests, and monks. When His Majesty severely punished the imposters in the examination room, Zheng Chengxian's wife often threatened to expose the matter herself, using it to intimidate the nobles and use her clever words to lure people in the court. Not only Hui'an was plotted by them, but also the Central Palace and the Queen Mother's family. Be careful to avoid their sharp edges. Your Majesty has been ruling the country for a long time. This is the result of favorable governance. Zheng Chengxian always tells people that he thinks it is the result of not establishing a prince. He has been planning for a long time and he will not be able to do anything in the future. "What about coming out? If you don't uphold the principles of the court and make upright decisions, even if you don't go to court every day, don't play music, wear white clothes, and stop the punishment, I'm afraid the emperor will not agree. Changes in the sky are irresistible." Shu Shang, the imperial concubine and Zheng Chengxian both said. After losing his temper, his colleagues also thought that Chen Dengyun was in danger, but the emperor kept the memorial.

Much later, he impeached Lu Guangzu, the Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Feng Shike, the deputy envoy of Sichuan Tixue, Li Lai, the governor of Yingtian, Wang Zhixiang, the governor of Shuntian, Han Shineng, the minister of the Ministry of Rites, Luo Wanhua, the minister of Nanjing. Tai servant Qing Xu Yongjian. All the high officials in the imperial court were afraid of him. At that time, it was time to take the examination for academic subjects, so Chen Dengyun wrote in a book: "Recently, the imperial censors were afraid of sexual harassment before Renwu, and the upright ones became gentle; after Renwu, they were restrained by emotion, and the upright ones became flattering. Is it possible in the meantime? There are no upright people, but they are vulnerable to being attacked and have no place to stay. In the past twenty years, only one or two people have been promoted to Beijing officials with integrity, cultivating party members and begging for mercy, like the so-called "Seven Jackals". "Eight Dogs", censors account for half of them. Taijian is the one who regulates right and wrong for the world, and if he tramples on people like this, how can we expect him to handle things honestly and eliminate traitors for the country regardless of his feelings? What a scum! Rather than being demoted due to misuse, it is better to carefully examine the candidates." So I presented several things to the emperor.

Served as the patrol commissioner of Henan. There was a great famine that year, and people ate each other. Deputy envoy Cui Yinglin saw the people eating goose droppings in the lake, so he brought it to Chen Dengyun, who then sent it to the court. The emperor immediately sent the temple chief Zhong Huamin to distribute treasury silver to help the people. Chen Dengyun visited the local area three times and was strict in governing. According to regulations, he should be promoted to a capital official. However, he was repeatedly detained by the palace and refused to be promoted, so he claimed to be ill and returned home. He died soon after. 5. Extracurricular classical Chinese reading and answers, Pound's courtesy name Ling Ming

Pound's courtesy name is Ling Ming, a Taoist from Nan'an.

He was a minor official in the county, and he was given the title of Marquis of Guannei to four other people including Zihui, each with a hundred households in the city. Hui Yonglie has a paternal style, and his official rank is lieutenant general, and he is granted the title of marquis.

Annotation: Pound's biography Pound was named Lingming and was a native of Naodao, Nan'an County. When he was young, he served as a county official and a state official.

During the Chuping period, he followed Ma Teng to attack the rebellious Qiang and Di people. He made many meritorious deeds and was gradually promoted to the rank of captain. During the Jian'an period, Cao Cao conquered Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang in Liyang.

Yuan Tan sent Guo Yuan, Gao Gan and others to plunder Hedong County. Cao Cao ordered Zhong Yao to lead the generals in Guanzhong to attack them. Pang De followed Ma Teng's son Ma Chao to resist Guo Yuan and Gao Gan in Pingyang. Pang De served as the vanguard and attacked Guo Yuan and Gao Gan. He won a great victory and killed Guo Yuan himself.

He was appointed as Zhonglang General and made the capital Tinghou. Later, Zhang Baiqi rebelled in Hongnong County, and Pang De once again accompanied Ma Teng to conquer the enemy, defeating the enemy between the two mountains.

Every time he went to battle, Pang De always captured the enemy's position and drove them back. He was the most courageous among Ma Teng's troops. Later, Ma Teng served as a guard, and Pang De remained under Ma Chao.

Cao Cao defeated Ma Chao in Weinan, and Pang De fled with Ma Chao into Hanyang County and defended Jicheng. Later, he ran to Hanzhong with Ma Chao and defected to Zhang Lu.

Cao Cao pacified Hanzhong, and Pang De surrendered with his troops. Cao Cao had long heard about Pang De's bravery and appointed him General Liyi. He was also granted the title of Marquis of Guan Guan Pavilion, with a settlement of 300 households.

Hou Yin, Wei Kai and others occupied Wancheng and rebelled. Pang De led his men and Cao Ren to capture Wancheng, killed Hou Yin and Wei Kai, and then stationed south in Fancheng to attack Guan Yu. The generals in Fancheng were suspicious of Pang De because his brother was in the Shu army in Hanzhong.

Pound often said: "I have been favored by the country and will die for the country.

I want to attack Guan Yu personally. If I don't kill Guan Yu from now on, Guan Yu should kill me. "

Later, he personally fought with Guan Yu and shot Guan Yu in the forehead. At that time, Pang De always rode a white horse. Guan Yu's soldiers called him General White Horse and were all afraid of him.

Cao Ren Pang De was asked to camp ten miles north of Fan City. It rained heavily for more than ten days and the Han River overflowed. The water in the plains of Fan City was five to six feet deep. Pang De and his men went to the embankment to hide from the water. Guan Yu attacked by boat and surrounded him with bows and arrows. On the shooting embankment, Pang De was wearing armor and holding a bow.

General Dong Heng, his subordinate general Dong Chao and others wanted to surrender, but Pang De executed them from early morning until noon. The attack became more urgent, and after running out of arrows, Pang De approached the general and said to Cheng He: "I heard that a good general is not afraid of death and does not live in an ignoble way, and a martyr does not sacrifice his life in order to survive. Today is the day I die. "

Pang De entered the battle angrily and became more and more courageous, but the momentum became stronger and stronger, and the soldiers all surrendered. Pang De and his subordinates, a general and two captains, bent their bows and nocked arrows. The boat was going back to Cao Ren's camp.

Because the boat capsized and his bow and arrows were lost, Pang De carried the boat into the water alone and was captured by Guan Yu. My brother is in Hanzhong. I want to use you as a general. Why don't you surrender early? Pang De scolded Guan Yu and said, "You boy, what do you mean by surrender?" The king of Wei led a million soldiers, which was powerful in the world.

Your Liu Bei is just a mediocre person, how can he be an enemy of the King of Wei! I would rather be a ghost of the country than a general of thieves. " So he was killed by Guan Yu.

Cao Cao was very sad after hearing about his death. He shed tears for his death and named his two sons as marquises. Cao Pi was on the throne and sent an envoy to Pang De's mausoleum to deliver the posthumous title. No.

The edict was issued: "In the past, Xian Zhen sacrificed his life for the country, and Wang Chu died on a hunger strike. They died in righteousness, and the previous generations praised them. Pang De was brave and resolute, and he made a name for himself in the face of danger. People praised him at that time. His righteousness was very noble at that time. The few people remembered him and gave him the posthumous title of Zhuang Hou. "

He also gave his son Pang Hui and four other people the title of Marquis of Guannei, each with a settlement of 100 households. Pang Hui was brave and strong in the style of his father. He became a lieutenant general and was named a lord. . 6. Classical Chinese Reading Answers Liu Xianzhuan

Translation of "Ming History Liu Xianzhuan":

Liu Xian, a native of Nanchang, was naturally tall and physically strong. When he was young, his family was poor and he worked as a domestic worker. During the famine years, he ate too much and couldn't bear the torture of hunger, so he had the idea of ????suicide. He went to hang himself in an abandoned temple, but he tried to hang himself twice in a row, but failed because the rope and the rafter were broken. Liu Xian thought he was being protected by a god, so he bid farewell to the statue and left in mourning. He mingled with a group of pullers and worked as a helper for others. After traveling for many years, he arrived in Sichuan, the land of abundance, and lived in a temple. He worked part-time and ate the offerings from the temple to make ends meet. He kept the stolen offerings in a big bell and was soon discovered. His miraculous physical strength was thought to be a descendant of heaven. The Miao people in Yibin, southern Sichuan, were in rebellion. Governor Zhang Gao recruited troops to quell the rebellion. Under everyone's persuasion, Liu Xian enlisted and surrendered to the army. In the first battle, he took the lead in charging with two large guillotines in his hand, and killed fifty or sixty people with his own hands. They captured three of the ringleaders, and the rear army advanced, putting an end to the rebellion. Liu Xian became famous and was promoted from a mere pawn to deputy Qianhu. He was directly promoted to the rank of commander-in-chief after his military exploits.

Reference:

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Note:

Unknown in "Liang Shu·Liu Xian Biography" and "Southern History·Liu Xian Biography" 7. Classical Chinese reading. Li Anmin, the successor of Lanling. Reading answers

Li Anmin. , the successor of Lanling in the Southern Song Dynasty, his father Li Qinzhi was a general in the palace. He served in hundreds of battles and served as an official. He is a native of Lanling Chengdi. His grandfather was named Yi, and his father was named Qinzhi.

Anmin followed his father to the county. In the 27th year of Yuanjia's reign, he was trapped among the northern captives. He led his men to save themselves and returned to the south. In the early days, Anmin was allowed to lead the army. He surrendered to the righteous army and was ordered to serve as General Jianwei and to serve as Lu Shuang's left army. When Lu Shuang rebelled, Anmin fled back to the capital, granted him the title of leader and joined the army, and was promoted to Lieutenant General of Zuowei Palace. During the next year, the Northern invaders invaded Xu and Yan, and appointed Anmin as Sima of Jianwei Prefecture and magistrate of Wuyan County. He was appointed as the general in the palace and led the army to attack the bandits who were attacking each other in Mochuan area. 8. Classical Chinese reading and answers to Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio"

Selected Essays

Mr. Pu Liuxian's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" is written in a concise way, leaving no trace of its meaning. , Born out of Zhuzi, it is not only against Zuo Shi and Longmen ①. According to legend, the gentleman lived in the countryside, had no friends, and was particularly eccentric in nature. He was a teacher of boys in the village. He lived in poverty and was self-sufficient. He asked no one for anything. When I was writing this book, every morning I brought a large porcelain poppy ② with bitter tea stored in it, and a bag of tampa wild rice ③. I placed it beside the pedestrian road, lined with reeds, and sat on it, smoking tea next to it. When you see someone who is practicing the Tao doing something wrong, you will forcefully talk to him, search for strange things and explain them according to what others know. If you are thirsty, drink some tea or offer him a cigarette, and you will definitely be able to talk freely. I accidentally heard something and came back to cover it up. This was the case for more than twenty years before this book was published④. Therefore, the writing technique is superb. (Zou Tao's "San Jie Lu Bi Tan")

Notes

(1) [Zuo Shi, Longmen] refers to Zuo Qiuming and Sima Qian. Zuo Qiuming wrote "Zuo Zhuan" and Sima Qian was born in Longmen. ②[Yīng] A bottle or jar with a big belly and a small mouth. ③[Tanba wild rice] the old transliteration name of tobacco. ④[蒇(chǎn)] Completed.

Exercises

1. Explain the dotted words in the text.

Home ( ) in ( ) place ( )

Language ( ) is ( ) square ( )

2. Compare the different meanings of the following groups of words.

① To be a boy teacher in the village ( ) ② Therefore, his writing skills are superb ( )

Anyone who has taken the Tao ( ) learns the new by reviewing the past ( )

3. Summarize the characteristics of "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" in words:

4. What is the reason for Pu Songling's "superb writing skills"?

Reading Tips

This article tells the story of Mr. Pu Songling collecting materials when writing "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio".

Answer: 1. in; to; to place; verb, to speak; in this way; only

2. For: to assume, verb;

to, preposition.

Therefore: therefore, adverb;

Old (knowledge), noun.

3. The writing is concise, and there is no trace of the meaning. It is born out of various scholars, not only against Zuo Shi and Longmen.

4. A large number of long-term collections from the folk Organizing materials

Translation

When Pu Songling was writing this book, he carried a large porcelain vessel filled with strong tea and a pack of tobacco every day and placed it on the road where pedestrians passed by. Next to it, there was a reed mat underneath, and he sat on it and placed the tobacco next to the mat. When you see a person walking by, you must stop him and talk to him. Collect strange (stories) and tell bizarre (things). Anyone (passing by) knows anything (anything is OK); (passers-by) are thirsty, respectfully invite people to drink tea, or respectfully offer tobacco, and must make the passers-by happy before letting them stop. If I hear something by chance, I will cover it up after I get home. After more than twenty years like this, the book "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" was completed.