Why is Guo Ziyi outstanding in the world, and God doesn't doubt it?

He is Guo Ziyi, a singer who gave generously at the time of the collapse of the Tang Dynasty building and the crisis of survival.

Datang Guo Ziyi: Why doesn't your master doubt the merits and demerits?

Guo Ziyi, who was nearly ancient and rare, was appointed as the envoy of Shuofang (now southwest of Lingwu, Ningxia) at the critical moment. He fought hard with the well-trained insurgents, put down the "Anshi Rebellion", saved the mountains and rivers of Li Tang, and made great contributions. Later, when Tubo invaded and the buffer region made an insurrection, it was all because of his expedition to the west, and Su Zong, Dai Zong and De Zong san huang relied on him to keep up appearances. After his success, Guo Ziyi was praised by Su Zong: "National reconstruction, Qing Li also!" Dezong respected him as "respecting the father". Sima Guang also commented in "Lessons Learned from Mutual Adversity": "The world has been in danger for 30 years. Merit covers the world, and the Lord does not doubt it. Being a minister is extremely important, whether you are sick or not. It's luxury, it's luxury, but it's wrong. By the end of 1985, he will be a big official and a famous minister. " These comments highlight the image of a giant who is good at uniting various forces: the emperor does not doubt his great achievements, his colleagues do not hate his position, and ordinary people do not object to his luxury; At the same time, he is good at promoting and cultivating talents, so many of his cadres have become important officials of the country.

Guo Ziyi (697-78 1), a native of Zheng County, Huazhou (now Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province) in the Tang Dynasty, was transferred to the position of deputy commander-in-chief to protect and deter the distant army. In his official career, Guo Ziyi is the ideal of many people. When they meet, they are full of children and grandchildren, so much so that they can only nod their heads but can't name them. "It's only a matter of time before every student pays tribute." "Seven sons and eight husbands are all prominent officials of the imperial court." The sixth son, yes, Dong Chuang Xu, married Princess Shengping. From this perspective, Guo Ziyi is a test of prosperity and longevity. It is said that on his 60th birthday, his seven sons and eight husbands were all senior officials, and his family put Wan Chao (the board in his hand when he met the emperor) on the bed to celebrate his birthday, but the bed was full of them. "This humble room is empty. In those days, beds and withered grass were everywhere. It used to be a ballroom. " It is also this allusion. That pile of beds shows that there are many high-ranking officials in the family. Therefore, this allusion is used to describe the prosperity, wealth and longevity of a family. Later, this theme was painted into a drama and widely circulated among the people. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, "full bed" has become the highlight of officialdom for the people. In A Dream of Red Mansions, the Jia family sang a play to admire the gods, and the Jia family was overjoyed. In the past, the rich in China wanted to hang a portrait of Guo Ziyi in nave, which was called the "map of heavenly officials" to pray for their whole lives.

Li Baiyou said in a poem: "I don't think there is any ancient sage who didn't end up in a tragic ending after winning glory!" " In troubled times, use military commanders and good ministers to rule the world. Most of the military commanders are arrogant and fearless. More importantly, each of them has his own team more or less, or is loyal to his subordinates. Moreover, because of their outstanding military achievements, it is easy to climb the mountain and speak with one voice. Civil servants are cautious and have no military power. Therefore, since ancient times, people who have made contributions to the world in China have not been rewarded, and those who are famous for their shock have been defeated. Han Xin, Yue Fei, Li Shanchang and many other people with lofty ideals were killed because they were not familiar with this. Even so, Sean, Fan Li, Han Shizhong, Shi Shouxin and other wise men understand the above truth, and they can only retire from the torrent and retire to official positions. Guo Ziyi is indeed a special case.

Guo Ziyi is a rare dying hero in history. He lived through the four dynasties of Xuanzong, Suzong, Daizong and Dezong, and died at the age of 85. After Dezong succeeded to the throne, he even imitated Zhou Wuwang's respect for Jiang Ziya as "teacher or father" and Guo Ziyi's respect as "father"; Before he died, Guo Ziyi's son, Shu Wang Yi Li, personally went to the province to ask questions, and his life can be described as "winning the hearts of the people and the favor of ministers". All this, through the ages, how many civilian military commanders want one, but they can't get it, but why did Guo Ziyi include it? Why did Han Xin, a generation of famous soldiers, say before he was killed, that he could die a fair death, breaking the eternal law of "a cunning rabbit dies, a running dog cooks, a bird hides, an enemy breaks, and an adviser dies"?

First of all, Guo Ziyi is the behind-the-scenes supporter and planner of the Su Zong coup! He seized the once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to support Su Zong's accession to the throne, thus becoming the number one hero of the new court.

When the "An Shi Rebellion" broke out, Guo Ziyi was already the satrap of Lingwu County of Wei, and also an important official in the north of our time. On the way of Tang Xuanzong's escape, Prince Hengli launched a mutiny in Maweipo, and then he ascended the throne in Lingwu without authorization before Tang Xuanzong abdicated, in order to save the Sect. Hengli's Lingwu, who ascended the throne, is the base of Guo Ziyi!

After Hengli arrived in Pingliang, he hesitated and found that he didn't know where to go. At this time, Du Hung-chien, our subordinate and our envoy from Shuofang, sent a letter to judge Li Hanlai, asking the Prince to go to Lingwu for resettlement. Then thousands of northern troops were sent to meet Su Zong. When he arrived in Lingwu in July, Du Hung-chien immediately joined forces with Cheng Peimian in the imperial history to persuade him to ask for the throne in the name of Xuanzong's entry into Shu. "Jiangshan has blocked the danger, and the road has been exhausted. The artifacts of Zongshe must be returned." In August, Su Zong called Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi to Lingwu, ready to recover the capital. Worship Guo Ziyi as the history of the Ministry of War and the history of the prefect of Lingzhou; Worship Li Guangbi as a senior minister, Taiyuan Yin, and stay in Beijing. At this time, Xuanzong had just arrived in Chengdu.

Without Guo Ziyi's complicity, it would be unthinkable for Hengli to ascend to the throne in Lingwu. Du Hung-chien is Guo Ziyi's deputy. Without Guo Ziyi's consent, it is difficult to mobilize troops. At this time, Xuanzong was still the master of the world, and Du Hung-chien was just an agreement. How dare he support Hengli without authorization? Everything shows that Guo Ziyi is an accomplice of Hengli to usurp the throne.

The most convincing evidence is Guo Ziyi's confession. After Su Zong's death, he succeeded to the throne, fearing that Guo Ziyi's work was too difficult, he ousted Guo Ziyi and ordered him to return to Beijing to defend Su Zongling's tomb, making him an "ambassador to Su Zongling's tomb". This is a signal to Guo Ziyi, that is, Dai Zong is very afraid of Guo Ziyi and doesn't want him to master the relieving again. After receiving this signal, Guo Ziyi was very scared. He immediately summarized the imperial edicts given by Su Zong into 20 volumes and presented them to Dai Zong Yulan. At the same time, he put a table on which read: "My virtue is thin, my life is light, my country is grateful, and my toilet is filthy." There was a bloody battle between heaven and earth. I went north from Lingwu and became the first emperor, but I transferred troops south. I searched in Qiyang. The first emperor was worried about the diligent clan society and entrusted his country to the minister? ""I am a minister from Lingwu in the north, and I wrote to the first emperor. " This is the fifteenth year of Tianbao in July, and Xuanzong announced his abdication in August; "The first emperor worried about the diligent clan, and entrusted the minister with his home country", and the affection between the monarch and the minister was incomparable to others. This form written by the client is the most powerful evidence to help Su Zong usurp the throne!

Sima Guang commented on Guo Ziyi in "Learning from the Same Experience", saying that "there is no doubt that there are many people who are not sick, and they are extravagant." In fact, looking at the ups and downs of Guo Ziyi's life, it is not that he is a "master without doubt", but that he understands the times and can safely dispel the master's doubts with his care.

The story of "beating the golden branch" widely circulated among the people tells that Tang Daizong respected Guo Ziyi very much and married his daughter Princess Shengping to Guo Ziyi's son Ai Guo. Once a young couple quarreled, Ai Guo saw his wife posing as a princess and said angrily, "What's the big deal about you? Isn't it because your father is the son of heaven? To tell you the truth, your father's land was saved after my father defeated An Lushan. My father didn't become emperor because he despised the throne of the emperor! " (leaning on the father is the son of heaven? My father hates the son of heaven. ) Princess Shengping heard Guo's madness and was so angry that she immediately returned to the palace to report to the emperor. After listening to her daughter's complaints, Tang Daizong said quietly, "You are still a child, and there are many things you still don't understand. Your husband is telling the truth. The world was saved by your father-in-law Guo Ziyi. Your father-in-law wanted to be an emperor, and he has been an emperor for a long time. The world will not belong to our Li family. " When Guo Ziyi knew about it, he was scared. He almost rebelled when he heard that his son had made radical remarks. "My father is bound, so he has to go to court to face the crime." Guo Wen was immediately tied up and went to the palace to see the emperor, asking him to punish him. However, Tang Daizong was cheerful and didn't mean to blame him. Instead, he comforted Guo Ziyi and said, "The young couple quarreled and went too far. We should not be as serious as old people. Isn't there a saying' don't be stupid or deaf, don't be a family man'? Just don't hear it. "

According to common sense, no emperor can tolerate Guo Wen's outrageous words-"Do you rely on your father as the evil son of heaven?" My father doubted that the son of heaven would do it! "This sentence is not only outrageous, but also tells the truth naked. No matter how enlightened the emperor is, he will never tolerate someone openly threatening the throne. Guo Ziyi certainly knows the conflict of interest here, so he wants to keep the influence to a minimum and nip the rumors of rebellion in the bud, so he is straightforward and tortuous in music, and can deliberately play a risk for the emperor. The emperor also knew that since Guo Ziyi had no intention of rebellion, he would have to rely on him in the future, so he was willing to turn it into a comedy! However, we still have to quietly turn the corner with Guo Ziyi's sensitive political consciousness and his calmness and composure at the time of the disaster.

It is also recorded in history that the palaces in Fenyang County have always been wide open, and people who sell husbands and pawns can enter and leave. On one occasion, a general in Guo Ziyi went to work in other places and went to the palace in Fenyang County to say goodbye. In the palace, he saw the noble Guo Ziyi as a slave for his wife and daughter, holding face wash water and towels. Guo Ziyi's son felt very ashamed and persuaded his father together, hoping that his father would respect himself and not let outsiders laugh. Guo Ziyi explained the truth to his sons: "There are 500 horses in my family who eat public forage, and there are 1000 slaves in my family who eat official food. If I build a high wall and keep away from the outside world, as long as someone has a grudge against the Guo family and is jealous of the Guo family, the Guo family is likely to attract genocide. Today, that is to say, now I open the door and let people in and out. Even if someone tries to frame me, I can't find an excuse. When others lose their curiosity, there will be no rumors. The sons suddenly realized that they all admired their father's foresight.

When Guo Ziyi retired at home in his later years, princes and ministers would visit him, and concubines never had to avoid him. When Tang Dezong's minion Qilu visited, Guo Ziyi quickly asked the concubines to step down and sat down to receive the "ghost blue" current minister. After Qilu left, his family asked why. Guo Ziyi said, "Qilu is ugly and insidious. The concubines will definitely laugh when they see him. Qilu will hold a grudge. In the future, when he comes to power and reminisces about the past, my family will be in great trouble. " Later, when Qilu became prime minister, he was "conscious, but he didn't disturb Guo Ziyi's family. This also fulfilled Guo Ziyi's previous prediction and judgment, and a catastrophe was wiped out by Guo Ziyi without trace.

Third, the Tang Dynasty was stormy. Marshal Guo Ziyi of Beidou was the only person who could rely on the Great Wall of Wan Li, so he could be reused by the royal family.

After Su Zong's death, Dai Zong succeeded to the throne, and worried that Guo Ziyi's work was too difficult, he ousted Guo Ziyi. At that time, Shi Siming's son Shi Chaoyi occupied Luoyang, the eastern capital; Li Guangbi's deputy envoy Pu Yuhuai stationed troops in Fenzhou (now Fenyang, Shanxi), determined to fight against the Tang Dynasty, and secretly led the Uighur and Tubo troops to invade Hexi. During the Anshi Rebellion, Guo Ziyi twice recovered two cities from the rebels, led the borrowed Uighur soldiers and had a friendship with them. He has a high prestige among Uighurs, who have always called him "Guo" to show their respect for him. In this situation of domestic troubles and foreign invasion, Daizong had to re-enable Guo Ziyi as the deputy marshal inside Shanhaiguan pass. Before the troops were assembled, Tubo had captured Chang 'an and Daizong fled to Shanzhou. Tracking Dai Zong's whereabouts, he collected scattered troops all the way, so he sent six military forces, with Zhang Zhijie, Wu Chongfu, Sun Quanxu and other soldiers as the vanguard, camped outside Chang 'an and planted flags. At night, there are bonfires everywhere, with no end in sight. The Tubo army occupying Chang 'an was frightened by this maze and Guo's reputation, so it withdrew from Chang 'an overnight.

Later, Dai Zhong realized that Guo Ziyi was the only place he could rely on in the Great Wall of Wan Li, so he resumed his official position and reopened the Great Wall. At this time, the biggest worry in the Tang Dynasty was Pugu Huai 'en, who joined hundreds of thousands of troops from Tubo, Uighur and Tangut to the south and directly threatened Chang 'an. In this situation, Dai Zhong's suspicion of Guo Ziyi, a veteran of the Three Dynasties, was temporarily shelved, and his affection for him began to escalate indefinitely. First, Guo Ziyi was appointed Minister. This is a serious reward. Shang Shuling is the chief prime minister. There was a Tang Dynasty. Traditionally, this office has been empty. Because Li Shimin of Emperor Taizong once worked as a minister, ministers dared not hold this position again to show their respect for Emperor Taizong. They often replace the prime minister with other official positions, and dare not call them "ministers' orders". So, Guo Ziyi wrote twice and declined, saying, "How dare you provoke a big family when I leave my job?" It is a portrayal of this fearful mood.

In the second year of Jianyuan (78 1), the world-famous Guo Ziyi died at the age of 85. Buried with the tomb (Tang Suzong Hengli Tomb, now Liquan County, Shaanxi Province), posthumous title is a "loyal soldier". According to the etiquette system, Guo Ziyi's mausoleum should be 18 feet high, and the imperial court specially raised it by 10 feet to show Guo Ziyi's outstanding achievements in the world. The monarch and his subjects went to the official residence in turn to express their respect, and Emperor Dezong personally went to Anfumen to see him off with tears. Guo Ziyi took his consistent generosity as a lesson and prudence as a latitude. While enjoying wealth according to Redjade, he was alert and prepared for a rainy day, so that his fame and fame could be immortalized. Fu Lushou finished his successful curtain call on his life's merits and made a great contribution after his death.