4 Colombian history

Early history: As early as 1787, the South Carolina Parliament decided to establish Columbia City, which played an important role in the overall development of South Carolina about 100 years ago. On the west bank of Kangrui River, a frontier fortress named Kangris is the navigation terminal of Santi River system. 1754, the colonial government set up a ferry here to connect the fortress with the growing settlements in the highlands on the east coast. Like many important settlements in the early North American colonies, Colombia is located at the navigable end of the upstream river originating in the Appalachian Mountains, and this point is often where the downstream water flow speed is just enough to push the waterwheel.

1786 On March 22nd, the state legislature approved the law proposed by Senator John Lewis Gerf to establish the new state capital. There is a lot of controversy about the name of the new city. According to the report published at that time, Gelve once said that he hoped that "we can find protection under the wings of Colombia in this city", and Colombia was the name of the city he hoped for. Another nomination is "Washington". In the state Senate, Colombia won by 1 1 to 7.

1786 This place was chosen as the capital of NSW because it is located in the center of NSW. 1790 The state legislature met here for the first time. In the first 20 years, it was directly managed by the state legislature. Colombia is listed as a village on 1805. 1854 promoted to city.

After the completion of the Santi Canal, there was a direct waterway connection between Colombia and Charleston, which brought great development to the city. The construction of the Santi Canal started at 1786 and was completed at 1800. It is one of the earliest canals in America. 1850 stopped using due to the increase of railway traffic.

The planner designed a 400-block city two miles along the river. Each block is divided into several acres of foundations and sold to speculators and potential residents. The buyer must build a house at least 30 feet long and 18 feet wide within three years, or he must pay a fine of 5% every year. The streets around the city and two main streets are 150 feet wide, and the streets in other divided blocks are 100 feet wide. This width was caused by superstition at that time, when people thought that dangerous and annoying mosquitoes could not leap 60 feet, or they would be killed by Russia on the way. Today, Colombia still benefits from these wide streets.

Until 1797, the planners played the role of local government, and then the parliament set up a street and market Committee. The three major problems at that time were alcoholism, gambling and poor sanitation.

Colombia is developing rapidly. Its population will reach 1000 soon after 1800.

19th century: 180 1 South Carolina College (today's University of South Carolina) was founded in Colombia. One of the purposes of choosing Colombia as the original site of the college is to unify the north and south residents. In addition, the leaders of South Carolina hope to directly supervise the development and progress of the college. Many years after the establishment of the college, a degree awarding ceremony was held in Parliament in June+February, 5438. 1805, Colombia was upgraded to a town with a mayor and six assistants. The first elected mayor was JohnTaylor, who later entered the Senate and House of Representatives of the state legislature and the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States Congress, and finally became the governor of South Carolina. 18 16 Colombia has 250 families, 1000 residents.

1854, Colombia was promoted to the city, and its government was composed of an elected mayor and six assistants. Two years later, a police force was established, consisting of a full-time policeman and nine patrolmen. The city is still developing rapidly. In the1850s and1860s, Colombia was the largest inland city in South North Carolina. During this period, railways played a great role in Colombia's population growth. /kloc-the most important function of the railway that first arrived in Colombia in the 1940s was to transport cotton, not passengers. Cotton is the life of Colombia and its surrounding areas. 1850, the city's commerce and economy were directly or indirectly related to cotton.

1860 12 17 The South Carolina Separatist Conference was held in the First Baptist Church in Colombia. Delegates at the meeting signed a resolution agreeing to the split with a total majority of 159 to 0. Colombia's geographical position makes it an ideal place for other meetings and conferences in the United States of America. During the civil war, bankers, railway company presidents, teachers and theologians from several States met in Colombia from time to time.

On February 1865, 17, during the occupation of Colombia by William tecumseh Sherman's federal troops, the city was set on fire. Legend has it that the First Baptist Church was almost burned down by Sherman's soldiers. Legend has it that a soldier came to the door of the church and asked the housekeeper where the resolution was signed. The housekeeper took the soldiers to the nearby Methodist church, thus protecting the historic building.

The cause of the fire broke out shortly after the war. Sherman accused the Allies of igniting cotton bags piled in the street when they retreated from Colombia, and the strong wind at that time caused the fire. He denied ordering the ignition, but he ordered the destruction of important military facilities, such as the Union Printing Factory. Local residents, federal soldiers and a newspaper reporter said that the federal soldiers set fire in retaliation for South Carolina's secession. It has also been claimed (for example, in James Rubin's book Lies AC Ross America: What Our Historical Sites Twerling) that the fire was mainly caused by the allied forces. Today, visitors can see the buildings and structures that survived the fire along Sherman's road to the city.

During the reconstruction period, Colombia became the focus of attention. Journalists and tourists came to the state capital of South Carolina to observe the parliament of a southern state because it included former slaves. Colombia also recovered after the 1865 fire. In the initial stage of reconstruction, the city's construction industry developed well, and the recovery of peripheral railways also created many employment opportunities for local residents.

20th century: At the beginning of the 20th century, Colombia became a regional industrial center for prevention and control. 1907, there were 6 weaving factories in Colombia with more than 3,400 workers, with an annual salary of 819,000 dollars, which brought more than 4.8 million dollars in economic turnover to the whole region.

Before 1908, Colombia had no paved streets. However, the 1 15 intersection has a repaired sidewalk, so pedestrians do not need to get involved in mud when crossing the street. At one time, as an experiment, boards were laid on Washington Street. But when it rained heavily, these boards followed Shui Piao and became a local joke. 1925 paving asphalt road.

19 1 1 year and 19 12 years, large-scale construction was carried out in Colombia, and new houses worth 2.5 million US dollars were built, including three bank buildings, a shopping center and several large hotels.

On September 19 17, the US Army opened a military camp in Colombia.

1930 Colombia is a business center with 500,000 customers. There are 803 retail stores in this city, of which 280 are food stores. In addition, there are 58 clothing stores, 57 restaurants, 55 gas stations, 38 pharmacies, 20 furniture stores, 19 car dealers and 165438+. There are 1 19 wholesalers in the city, and one third of them are food vendors.

1934, Colombia bought the former federal court as a municipal building. This building is made of granite in nearby Winsboro, and its designer is President hiram grant's federal designer Miller. Built in 1876, it is now listed in the national historical sites list. Miller also built many office buildings in Washington, D.C. Originally, Miller planned to build a bell tower, but because the construction cost greatly exceeded the budget, he might give it up. On the wall of the building is a copy of Miller's original design and historical photos of Colombia.

The military camp in 1940 was reopened because the municipal government wanted the army to be permanently stationed in Colombia. 1968, with the approval of the Pentagon, the barracks were merged into Columbia city.

In the early 1940s, after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and shortly after the United States entered the Second World War, jimmy Doolittle was trained to air attack Tokyo at the Colombian military airport. Today, this airport has become a metropolitan airport in Colombia. The aircraft they used for training was a B-25 Mitchell bomber, and the same type of aircraft was also displayed in the hangar of another airport in Colombia.

/kloc-during the 1940s, Colombia also began to try to ban Jim crow's law and racial discrimination. 1945 a federal court ruled that black teachers in this city should get the same salary as white teachers. But in the following years, Colombia tried to deprive many black teachers of their teaching rights. Other blacks in this city are trying to get the same treatment, including voting rights and abolishing apartheid (especially in public schools). 1962 August 2 1 Eight joint stores in the city center sell lunch to blacks for the first time. 1963, the University of South Carolina accepted black college students for the first time. At about the same time, apartheid began to be abolished in this city. Blacks have joined many community committees, and the municipal government has adopted an anti-discrimination employment policy. These and other progressive measures enabled Colombia to win the National City Award for the second time in 1964 (the first time was in 195 1 year). 1965 published an article praising Colombia for "liberating itself from the ills of dogmatic apartheid policy".

During the period of 1950s, the population of Colombia increased from 186844 to 260828, and that of the Caribbean increased by 40%, among which the urban population reached 97433.

Since then, people have attached great importance to historical protection in urban construction. 1967 restored the historic Robert weaving factory, which led to the restoration of many indoor historical buildings. The University of South Carolina re-polished its horseshoe in the early 1970s. Some local museums were also set up at this time when their interest in history increased, including the South Carolina Museum, which opened at 1988.

1980 The population of Colombian metropolitan area reached 4 10088, and 1990 reached about 470,000. The city continues to strive to improve the living conditions of its residents and diversify the local economy in order to maintain the sustainable development of the city in the future.

Recent history: downtown Colombia was revived in the 1990s and at the beginning of 2 1 century. The original warehouse area has become a high-end hotel, shopping and bar area. The opening of the colonial center in 2002 brought concerts by several stars to Colombia. In 2004, Columbia Metropolitan Convention Center opened, and a new convention center hotel and other residential areas are under construction.

Some people criticized that the city's efforts to revive the downtown area were unsuccessful and fewer people moved back than expected. However, in recent years, many private individuals have carried out reconstruction and construction projects in the city center, and more and more people have moved back to the city center. Some historic downtown buildings have been transformed into apartments, and new buildings have sprung up in the city center. The revival of riverside demolished old parks and built new ones, attracting many people to the parks in the city center for sports.