What great contribution did Lv Buwei make?

Lv Buwei is a great politician with a rare businessman background in Chinese history. Lv Buwei, a native of Puyang (southwest of Puyang, Henan), was born in the 9th year of Huiwen (290 BC) to the 19th year of Huiwen (280 BC) and died in the first year of Zhao (235 BC). There is no record of his family history. He was probably born in a jeweler's family. As an adult, Lv Buwei went to many countries to do business. Later, he traveled to South Korea and became a rich man in Yangzhai (now Yuxian County, Henan Province). How did he become an outstanding political figure? This historical fact is equally vividly recorded in Historical Records Biography of Lv Buwei and Warring States Policy Qin Ce. During the Warring States period, with the development of agriculture and handicrafts, private businesses flourished and businessmen were very active. Some famous ministers also quit their jobs to go into business. Among these big businessmen, there are many people with political minds. Some businessmen advocate doing business in the way of military strategists, but Lv Buwei is unique and enters politics in the way of doing business. In the forty-second year of Qin Zhao (265 BC), Lv Buwei came to Handan, the capital of Zhao State, to do business. Because he has always been concerned about the political situation, he came up with the idea of going into politics when he met Qin's son. He is the son of the monarch and the grandson of the king of Qin. A Guo Jun will be made a prince this year. An Guojun has more than 20 sons, but he is not the eldest son, and his biological mother The Last Month Of Summer is not favored. The foreigner was sent to Zhao as a hostage. Although he is a prince and grandson, it is very dangerous to be sent to an enemy country. Because Qin attacked Zhao many times, strangers in Zhao were very cold, and the means of transportation were relatively simple and used daily. According to the business philosophy of "people abandon me", Lv Buwei thinks that strangers are "exotic goods to live in" and can be bought for political speculation. According to "The Warring States Policy, Qin Ce V", Lv Buwei went home to discuss this matter with his father. Lv Buwei asked his father, "How many times can you get from farming?" His father said, "Ten times the profit." Lv Buwei asked again: "How many times can you win by operating Zhuyu?" His father said, "A hundredfold profit." Lv Buwei asked again: "How many times can you win by helping to establish a head of state?" His father said, "There are countless benefits." Lv Buwei concluded: "If you farm hard now, you can't guarantee adequate food and clothing, but the benefits you get from helping to build a king of a country can be passed on to future generations. Why not do this money-making thing! " It seems that Lv Buwei and his father are good at business and political speculation.

So Lv Buwei took the initiative to visit strangers and claimed to say, "I can call you an apprentice." The stranger took him as a joke and said, "It's too late for you to make a fortune yourself. How can you care about me? " Lv Buwei said, "You don't know, I can only develop if you develop first." The stranger heard something from his words and asked him to sit down and talk it over.

Lv Buwei said, "The king of Qin is old, and Guo Jun has become a prince. It is said that Ann Guo Jun loves Mrs. Huayang the most, and only Mrs. Huayang can be the heir, but she has no son. You have more than twenty brothers, and you are caught in the middle, and you have been a hostage for a long time, and your relationship is alienated. Once the king of Qi died and Ann Guo Jun became the king of Qin, how could you have the opportunity to be a prince? "

The stranger said, "Yes! But what can I do? " Lv Buwei said, "You live here as a guest, and the situation is not good. You have no strength to honor your elders and have twins. Although I am not rich, I can take my' daughter' to travel to the west of Qin, and Ann Guo Jun and Mrs. Huayang will make you the heir. " The stranger was overjoyed and immediately kowtowed to Lv Buwei, saying that if this plan can be realized, "I will give you half of Qin State and govern with you." After the two settled, Lv Buwei first gave "five hundred gold" to make friends, and then dumped the "five hundred gold" to buy a batch of "strange things to play well" and took them to Xianyang, taking the road of Mrs. Huayang's sister. He gave these treasures to Mrs Huayang and told the story of how a different person was wise in SHEN WOO and missed the Prince and his wife day and night. The lady was overjoyed and left a good impression on the stranger.

Lv Buwei saw that the time was ripe, so she asked Mrs Huayang's sister to persuade her. This rhetoric, after Lv Buwei's suggestion, is very reasonable for Mrs Huayang's heart disease. The general idea is this: "Women are favored by their beauty, but they will fall out of favor in old age. Only when you are in favor, make your son heir to the throne, so that you will not lose power after your husband's death. Now that the wife has no biological son, she should find one of her sons as soon as possible and recommend it as an heir. Now the stranger has taken the initiative to cling to his wife. If he is promoted as an heir in time, he will naturally be grateful, and his wife's position in Qin will never waver. "

Mrs Huayang was persuaded. She blew into a Guo Jun's ear, saying that no one can be virtuous, and she must let him be the heir. Ann Guo Jun finally agreed, carved a jade symbol, and vowed to identify different people as heirs. They kept sending money to strangers and hired Lv Buwei as their host. When he returned to the State of Qin to meet Mrs. Huayang, Lv Buwei knew that this lady was originally from the State of Chu, and asked him to put on the clothes of the State of Chu to meet her. The lady was so happy when she saw it that she called him Zi Chu on the spot. Married a beautiful singer and dancer in Handan. The stranger was very jealous. He begged Wei to give up what he wanted and agreed. In the first month of forty-eight years (259 BC), this woman gave birth to a son named Zheng, the later Qin Shihuang. In the first year of Qin Xiaowen (the first 250 years), An Guo Jun ascended the throne as Emperor Xiaowen of Qin Dynasty, but died only three days after he ascended the throne. Different people inherited the throne of Qin Zhuang Wang Xiang. According to the original agreement, let him be the prime minister, so that the power of Qin began to be in his hands.

The subjective motivation of Lv Buwei's political speculation is to pursue huge profits and win the favor of future generations. But also to make a difference in politics. But judging from its objective effect, it is of great significance to stabilize the political situation of Qin State. In the history of Qin, there have been many civil strife in which monarchs perished and scholars fought for power. The early death of King Xiaowen of Qin brought a crisis to the political situation of Qin State. As Zi Chu was established as the heir to the throne as soon as possible, the political power of Qin State was successfully transferred to Empress Huayang, Zi Chu and Lv Buwei, thus avoiding civil strife. Zi Chu died three years after he ascended the throne, and the prince who succeeded him was only thirteen years old. In the past five years, the state of Qin has changed its master, and now the master has established a new master. If it is not handled properly, there will be unrest. At this critical juncture, Lv Buwei became prime minister again. In the third year (247 years ago), Qin Zhuang became the king of Xiang. As a veteran of the Three Dynasties and "Guanzhong", he assisted solitary politics and stabilized the political situation of Qin State again. After several generations' efforts, Qin has become the strongest country among the Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period, and it is the general trend for Qin to complete reunification. Therefore, the stability of the political situation in Qin State will be related to the timetable of reunifying China. Faced with such historical conditions, Lv Buwei made the right choice again. After stabilizing the country, he took the great cause of reunification as his primary task, which is why he called himself "Guanzhong". In the early Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Huangong used Guan Zhong as a supplement, which made him think highly of himself. Qi Huan addressed Guan Zhong as "Guan Zhong". Lv Buwei hoped that the King of Qin would respect him as Qi Huangong treated Guan Zhong, so that he could help the King of Qin accomplish the historical mission of reunification.

Qin two years (before; In 249), King Xiang of Zhuang acceded to the throne, became prime minister, and was named "Wen Xin Hou". From then until the first year of An 'an (238), the military and political power of Qin was always in the hands. In these twelve years, policies were formulated and effective measures were taken to promote the great cause of Qin's reunification:

Politically, Lv Buwei mainly did two things: first, he paid attention to the use of veteran ministers, adjusted the internal relations of the ruling group, and stabilized the domestic ruling order; Second, pay attention to discovering and recommending talents so that these talents can play a role in the great cause of reunification. Lv Buwei is a knowledgeable politician. At the beginning of his tenure as prime minister, he did not monopolize power. Since Wang Zhao was hired, he began to pay attention to some old ministers and generals. For example, the veteran of Yan State was forced to resign because of being attacked. After Qin acceded to the throne, he was invited to take part in politics. Later, he was invited to Yan State, which contributed to Qin Yan's Lian Heng. Lv Buwei also continued to entrust Wang Bi and Meng Ke, famous men in Wang Zhao, with important tasks, which enabled them to play an important role in the annexation war.

Lv Buwei believes that rewards and punishments should be strict after talents are entrusted with important tasks. Rewards and punishments should not be based on personal relationships and personal likes and dislikes, but on achievements, so that there will be rewards and punishments. Although in fact he can't really be strict in rewards and punishments, these ideas he put forward have played a certain role in rectifying the official administration of Qin State and enhancing national strength.

Generally speaking, Lv Buwei, as a politician and thinker of the feudal landlord class at the historical turning point from division to unification at the end of the Warring States period, his historical position and achievements are undeniable. He served as two prime ministers of Qin State and presided over the state affairs, which prepared favorable conditions and laid a foundation for the unification of Qin State in politics, economy, military affairs and ideology. Lv Chunqiu, which he presided over, made a new exploration on the theory of feudal unification. Although his political views are different from those of Qin Shihuang, and there are fierce power conflicts, the facts show that the unification of Qin Shihuang is inextricably linked with Lv Buwei's achievements. Lv Buwei, as a politician of feudal landlord class who jumped from a businessman to the political stage, certainly showed the historical limitations of being mercenary and greedy for power. However, in his life, he made great contributions to the cause of Qin reunification, and was worthy of being an outstanding politician and thinker in ancient China.