Similarities and differences of the author's attitudes towards Kong Yiji and Jin Fan.

Dialogue between Kong Yiji and Jin Fan

While teaching the article Kong Yiji, I couldn't help thinking of Fan Jinzhong. There are similarities in characterization and theme between the two works. In order to let students better master Kong Yiji and Jin Fan, two typical figures in the history of China literature, and at the same time, to let students specifically understand the expression of the theme of the novel. I try to compare the two articles from the perspective of characters and themes. Let Kong Yiji and Jin Fan have a profound face-to-face "dialogue".

Looking back on the history of China literature, we stand at 19 18. That winter, Mr. Lu Xun gave birth to a masterpiece "Kong Yiji" with his revolutionary style, and successfully created a ridiculous and pitiful image of Kong Yiji. Coincidentally, dating back more than 200 years, Mr. Wu created a masterpiece against the feudal imperial examination system with his satirical pen and ink-The Scholars, which shaped the collective image of many literati who were dragged down and suffocated by the strange circle of the imperial examination system. Jin Fan is one of the representatives. Both Kong Yiji and Jin Fan have a certain position in the history of China literature. Since they are going to have a "dialogue", as a bystander, I should make an objective and fair judgment in two.

First down-and-out boys and crazy lifts.

Kong Yiji and Jin Fan were both intellectuals in the old society, literati poisoned by feudal culture, and victims who could not make a living. But as two images, there are more differences between them. I want to make a comparison from the following aspects.

1, comparison between lofty and inferiority

Although Kong Yiji is not a scholar, he is somewhat lofty and likes narcissism. Although Kong Yiji turned pale with hunger, he still refused to take off his torn and dirty gown. He smugly met a few useless words, and even boasted that he was a scholar. When others make fun of him, he will say, "How can you pollute others' innocence out of thin air ..." When others ask him, "Do you really know how to read?" He showed disdain for the argument. At the same time, he still adheres to the moral concept of "a gentleman is poor". The above analysis can show that Kong Yiji thinks highly of himself.

Jin Fan, on the other hand, is weak and pitiful, willing to endure humiliation and inferiority. He was afraid of butcher Hu and was scolded for no reason, but he repeatedly said, "My father-in-law is knowledgeable." When borrowing money from Hu Butcher, Hu Butcher bit his face and scolded the dog. But I can only submit to humiliation and cringe. His sense of inferiority and inferiority gradually weakened during his promotion in the imperial examination, which was only aimed at all people with lower status than him, such as butcher Hu and neighbors. We can infer that Jin Fan will still be a timid slave before senior officials.

Kong Yiji's lofty mentality made him unable to understand himself correctly, regarded his shortcomings as treasures, and persisted in them, which eventually led to his tragic life. However, Jin Fan, who only remembered the eight-part essay, got into a dead end, struggled with inferiority and became the object of criticism and synonymous with corrupt Confucianism.

2, pedantic and sleek contrast

Kong Yiji is pedantic, mainly in words. Kong Yiji's language is very distinctive, and it is easy to "ignore others". When giving fennel beans to children, he has a classic saying: "Not much, not much! how much is it? Not much. " Bad language is the expression of pedantic character. Kong Yiji clung to outdated ideas and lived in a passionate but progressive society, which inevitably showed his pedantry and ridiculousness. Kong Yiji has become a typical image obsessed with remnants.

Jin Fan, on the other hand, showed a smooth personality, which was mainly manifested in his contacts with Xiangshen Zhang. After Jin Fan was promoted, Xiangshen Zhang climbed up and said, "I just saw the champion list. Your real estate teacher, Tang Palace in Gaoyao County, is a protege of my ancestors. You and I are good brothers. " Jin Fan's answer is: "Being born late is a kind of luck. But I'm glad to leave the old man's house. " In fact, Xiangshen Zhang, a wise man of Jin Fan, insisted on nonsense, but he agreed with the sentence "Thanks to the old man's family". This is Jin Fan's sophisticated and smooth performance. This can still be seen everywhere in Jin Fan's later actions.

Kong Yiji's pedantry is a manifestation of decadent ideas and an act of self-promotion. From Jin Fan's smoothness, we can see that he is quite smart and familiar with the bad habits in officialdom.

3. The contrast between kindness and hypocrisy

Although Kong Yiji has many shortcomings, this person's character also has a good side. This can be seen from his distribution of fennel beans to children. For a poor man, he still divided a small portion of fennel beans from the bowl. If he was not a kind person, he would never have such behavior. Besides, he taught the boy to write out of sincerity.

Jin Fan's performance is different. When he was humbled by the fake silver coins at the butcher's place, he knew that he would never ask him for help again, but he still said this: "I can see that I still have these two silver coins." If I run out, I will ask my father for it again. " This fully shows that Jin Fan is hypocritical and cunning. This character still runs through his life. After his mother's death, he once went to Gaoyao County with Xiangshen Zhang for an autumn wind. He refused to use silver-inlaid cups and chopsticks to prove his "filial piety" to his mother at the banquet, but chose a prawn round kernel from the bird's nest bowl and sent it to his mouth. This just shows his hypocrisy.

Kong Yiji's kindness won him sympathy, while Jin Fan's hypocrisy attracted accusations.

4. Comparison between self-consolation and fragile nerves

Kong Yiji's life is pathetic. The reason is that he didn't know himself correctly. His poverty and misery are only manifestations of his lack of spiritual sustenance. In this state, he can only comfort himself in the deep heart, and laugh at himself in others' blind pretentiousness and ridicule to release the pressure in his heart. Of course, he will accomplish nothing and eventually die in poverty. This is self-denial from the depths of the soul and the result of the complete collapse of self-value.

Jin Fan has repeatedly failed in the imperial examination, and his mind has been under great pressure. Once he failed in the exam, the pressure doubled. The fact that he was lucky enough to succeed once strongly stimulated his nerves. Once the pain of his current consciousness is relieved, he completely loses all his spirit. There will be that crazy state. This shows that Jin Fan's nerves are fragile and his spirit is numb.

Kong Yiji and Jin Fan are two completely different personalities, which have a lot to do with their mental state.

Second, the cool and thin customers and the crazy fans of philistinism.

We made some simple analysis on the character connotation of Kong Yiji and Jin Fan. So, now let's discuss the theme of the article (that is, the depth and breadth of society reflected by the author's works).

There is no doubt that both articles criticized the feudal imperial examination system. This is also related to the author's concept. At the same time, the two articles also criticized the indifference between people, but there are also subtle differences.

1, to explore the disadvantages and differences of the imperial examination system

On the theme of the article, Kong Yiji tends to criticize national inferiority and social indifference. Fan Jinzhong Ju focuses on criticizing the drawbacks of the feudal imperial examination system.

One feature of Lu Xun's novels and essays is that they can dig out the people's bad habits and analyze the causes of social diseases, so as to achieve the role of "treating diseases and saving lives". The article "Kong Yiji" only uses a person who failed in the imperial examination as the protagonist to illustrate the consistent theme of his novel. Kong Yiji's life experience is inseparable from laughter. The short coat helps laugh, the shopkeeper laughs, and the child laughs. It was in these laughter that Kong Yiji alienated from others step by step, and he went to loneliness. He also wants to realize his own value, but no one asks him to do so, even the little boy is killing him. It can be said rudely that Kong Yiji's tragedy is a social tragedy. Society refused to accept him and agree with him. What a cruel society this is! How indifferent people are!

Fan Jinzhong Ju mainly criticizes the feudal imperial examination system. The Scholars reflects this theme. "Preface to the Scholars and the Leisure Old Man" records: "His books are rich in fame and fortune. Those who have a heart, fame and fortune, charm others; There are people who are proud of fame and fortune; A person who has no intention of fame and fortune, thinks highly of himself and is laughed at by others. The last resignation was fame and fortune, and the top level of products was the main one. " This shows that the theme of the novel is centered on opposing the imperial examination and fame and fortune, touching on bureaucracy, human relations and the whole social fashion at that time. At the same time, Wu hated the scholars who were keen on learning names at that time. This sets a direction for the theme of the novel in all aspects: "Criticizing the feudal imperial examination system."

2. The laughter of customers and the antics of butcher Hu.

In the article "Kong Yiji", the author wrote to laugh many times. Kong Yiji appeared in laughter and died in laughter. The existence of Kong Yiji only plays a role of "filling the inside and outside of the store with happy air". "Without him, others will live like this." The indifference and numbness of the drinkers in Xianheng Hotel is the cancer of the morbid society criticized by Lu Xun. Kong Yiji disappeared, and the shopkeeper only remembered the debt that "Kong Yiji still owes nineteen dollars", but nobody cared about Kong Yiji. Gradually, Kong Yiji has been forgotten by people. The author dissects cool thin, who is alienated from the morbid society and indifferent to the unfortunate.

Since he was promoted, butcher Hu's attitude towards him has changed a lot. From the change of Hu's attitude and that of his neighbors, we can see that the whole society is pursuing fame and fortune. The author does not hesitate to describe it with satirical brushstrokes, just for the purpose of criticism.

Therefore, the main idea of the article can also be judged from the attitudes of secondary figures such as customers and butchers.

Step 3 stick and slap

Kong Yiji was finally broken by Ding. Kong Yiji's leg was broken, but instead of getting people's sympathy, it became the material to be teased. Not to mention how vicious Ding is, only by looking at people's snobbery, we can understand Lu Xun's intention in writing this article.

A stick broke Kong Yiji's leg and sent him to the grave. However, a slap woke up the crazy Jin Fan and pushed him to the throne of wealth. I think the plot of Jin Fan's madness was deliberately arranged by the author. He let Jin Fan fall into the pond and let his hair droop freely. A new China juren master became incisively and vividly, and his hands turned yellow. The author made him suffer and make a fool of himself, but he didn't take revenge, and then arranged for the butcher Hu to slap his mouth with his greasy slap before he woke up. At the same time, it also shows that the author hates the imperial examination, and the author makes Jin Fan who won the prize very ugly. His purpose is to satirize scholars like Jin Fan and criticize the feudal imperial examination system.

Both Kong Yiji and Jin Fan believed in feudal ethics and followed the imperial examination, but their fate was completely different: one was a lonely teenager, the other was a crazy juren; One lives at the bottom of society and becomes the object of people's ridicule, and the other enjoys the splendor and becomes the master above. What imperial examination! But no matter what the final outcome of the two people is, they are both tragic figures and children of social tragedy. Their sorrow is that they can't know themselves clearly, get rid of their id and lose themselves. Later quits!