Party issues in the prime minister and cabinet ~

Generally speaking, the western political system can be divided into responsibility cabinet system, presidential system and semi-presidential system.

1, responsibility cabinet system. The basic feature is 1. Heads of state and government are separated and served by different people. Heads of state generally do not assume actual political responsibility; 2. The government is composed of the majority parties in the parliament alone or jointly; 3. When the Parliament does not trust the Cabinet, the Prime Minister can resign or ask the head of state to dissolve the Parliament and hold a new general election. At present, the responsibility cabinet system can be divided into constitutional monarchy and parliamentary system according to the head of state, and of course it can also be regarded as governor system.

Constitutional monarchy: representative countries are Britain, the Netherlands, Japan, Denmark and so on. The characteristic is that the head of state is a hereditary monarch, the head of government is usually called the prime minister, and the cabinet is usually composed of the majority party in parliament.

Parliamentary system: The representative countries are Germany, Israel, Italy and India. The characteristic is that the head of state is called the president, who is generally nominated by the prime minister and takes office after being approved by the parliament.

Governor system: The representative countries are Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Singapore. Its characteristic is that the legal head of state is the Queen of England, and the actual head of state is the governor appointed by the Queen of England.

In short, the general power mode of the responsibility cabinet system is: the people elect the parliament, the political parties participate in the election, and the political parties with the majority seats in the parliament form a cabinet to elect the prime minister. The head of state does not assume actual political responsibility and generally nominates a hereditary monarch or prime minister.

2. Presidential system. The basic feature is 1, the unification of heads of state and government, with the same person as the actual political responsible person, generally called the president; 2. Both the Parliament and the President are elected by the people. The government has no prime minister, and the President directly controls the government; 3. Parliament has no right to change the cabinet, and the term of office of the government is stable.

The representative countries of the presidential system are the United States, Indonesia and so on.

3. Semi-presidential system. The semi-presidential system originated from the presidential system and can also be classified as the presidential system. The basic characteristics are: 1, heads of state and government are separated, and different people bear actual political responsibilities; 2. Parliament and Parliament are mixed. The head of state and parliament are directly elected by the people, and most party groups in parliament elect the prime minister. Parliament has the power to overthrow the cabinet, but it cannot directly recall the president.

The representative countries of semi-presidential system are France and Russia.

Generally speaking, the general analysis method is that if a country has a president and no prime minister, it is a presidential country; There is a president and a prime minister, but the president is not directly elected by the people. Generally, it is a cabinet system of responsibility, otherwise it is a semi-presidential system.

Of course, some countries are special, such as North Korea, Saudi Arabia, Myanmar and so on.

Summary:

Presidential system: the United States ...

Parliamentary system (that is, responsible cabinet system): Britain, Germany, Italy, Canada and Japan. ...

Semi-presidential system: France, Russia …

We in China can be said to belong to the responsibility cabinet system purely from the constitution.

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Although I know how to answer, I can't say it clearly in a few words.

Several steps:

1. Understand the parliamentary system and the presidential system.

2. Understand the cabinet under the parliamentary system and the cabinet under the presidential system.

3. To put it simply: In parliamentary countries, members of parliament are elected by the people. If more than half of the members belong to a political party, they have the right to form a cabinet. The people who make up the cabinet are called prime ministers, usually members of parliament. Who will form a cabinet will be negotiated within political parties (Japan) or elected (Britain). This cabinet is responsible to parliament, and if parliament trusts it, it can continue to exist.

In a presidential country, the people elect members of parliament and the president at the same time, and the president is actually the prime minister. You will find that a typical presidential country, such as the United States, has no prime minister. The cabinet of this country is the President and his ministers, who are generally fully responsible for the President.

There is also a system called semi-presidential system, which represents France and Russia, that is, presidential people's election, parliamentary people's election, and members introduce the prime minister. Therefore, in this case, the Prime Minister is responsible to both the President and the Parliament.

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