Why should the emperor's daughter be called princess?

Princess was originally the title of the emperor's daughter in ancient China. Princesses usually have titles and fiefs. Their fiefs are usually called Tang Muyi. Later, the titles of the first daughter of the Korean monarch and the daughter of the Vietnamese monarch were also called princesses. In China, the earliest Zhou Dynasty called Zhou's daughter. The name princess began in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Quoting Biography of Historical Records of Lv Hou, he said: "Biography of Ram says,' The son of heaven marries a woman as a vassal, and the vassal is the main one', so it is called a princess." At that time, the vassals of various vassal States were called vassals. When Emperor Zhou married his daughter to a vassal, he did not officiate at the wedding, but called the vassal with the same surname to get married. "Lord" means "marry", so the daughter of the son of heaven is called "princess" because she is a married vassal. At that time, the daughter of the vassal was also called "princess", also called "princess". "Historical Records Biography of Wuqi" says that "uncles and nephews are the phase, and the princess of Wei is still respected." It means that my uncle became a courtier and married the daughter of a vassal of Wei. "Historical Records Table 3 of Six Kingdoms" "Qin (Qin) early monarch wife river." The monarch here is a princess. His wife River is going to marry Hebo. In ancient books, it is often called the main abbreviation. Since the Western Han Dynasty, only the daughter of the emperor can be called "princess", and the daughter of the vassal king is called "Weng Zhu". At the same time, the patriarch or maid-in-waiting who got married by blood and other reasons were often named princesses, such as Princess Wencheng in the Tang Dynasty. Yan Shigu explained under the article "Female Princess" in History of Emperor Gao in Han Dynasty: "The son of heaven does not marry, or is called a princess; The princes married independently, so his master was called Weng Zhu and Weng Zhe, and his father also said that his father married independently. Also called the king, saying that the king is going to marry him. " In this way, Lord Weng is one level lower than the princess. Also from the Han Dynasty, the emperor's sister was called "princess royal", and the emperor's sister was Grand princess royal, with the words "big" and "long" added to show respect. At that time, princesses had fiefs and emperors gave them to Jiadi, which was a first-class gorgeous residence. There are also villas, gardens, and officials are allowed to set up their own governments. Such officials are called family orders, private governors, family ministers, grain officials and so on. The treatment of princesses in past dynasties was very generous, especially when they became emperors in the Han Dynasty. Together with princes, princesses occupied a large number of fields and handmaiden, which affected the stability of imperial power. Therefore, Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty ordered in the second year (7 BC) that the princess should not occupy more than 30 hectares and the handmaiden should not exceed 100 people. Princesses in the Eastern Han Dynasty were generally "princesses". For example, the daughters of Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty are Princess Wuyin and Princess Nieyang, both of whom are county names. The daughters of Emperor Han Ming are called Princess Long, Princess Wu 'an and Princess Huo's family. These names are all county names. When the place name of Huo family came from Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Liu Che toured Hedong Xinzhong, and got good news from the battlefield of East Vietnam, and changed the place name to Huo family. For example, Liu Pu, the famous aunt of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, is named Princess Guantao, who is located in Hebei Province and now has Guantao County. Wang's daughter in the Han Dynasty was called Ren (what a strange name! ), such as "The Biography of Wang Han" said: "His daughters are all appointed." Ancient book researchers believe that "Ren" was actually the title of women's title at that time. Wang Mang changed the title of "Princess" to "Homeowner" in order to show his difference from the Han Dynasty. The princess in the Jin Dynasty was a "county princess" because the princess was a county name before the title. For example, the daughter of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty was Princess Pingyang. Such "princess" and "princess" can also be called "princess" for short, so the princess and princess from Han Dynasty to Jin Dynasty were all daughters of the emperor. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the daughter of the prince and the king also sealed the county, but she could not be called a princess. The daughter of a prince is a monarch, and the daughter of a king is a princess. In Ming and Qing dynasties, the daughter of a prince was a princess, and the daughter of a king was a princess. Tang Gaozong specifically stipulated in the imperial edict that the emperor's daughter should be taught "Xiaxia" or "Xiaxia" when she marries, while the king's daughter can only be called "Shun", the princess "Zunzhu" and the king's daughter "Marry". Huizong advocated the ancient system of Zhou Dynasty in the Northern Song Dynasty, and once restored the ancient name. Replace the princess with the emperor Ji. Song Huizong's favorite daughter is Zhou Difu Ji. After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty resumed the title of Princess. The Jin Dynasty was founded by Jurchen, who wanted to imitate the princess system of the Han Dynasty and called the emperor's daughter a princess. However, some Di Chin (Hailing) named the emperor's little wives as "princesses", which made people at that time confused which was the emperor's daughter and which was the emperor's wife. Therefore, the Han people at that time joked that women were crowned by bathing monkeys and didn't understand etiquette. In the Ming Dynasty, the emperor's aunt was Dafei, the emperor's sister was princess royal, the emperor's daughter was Princess, the prince's daughter was Princess, and the daughter of the county king was Princess. Similar to the Tang Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty began to follow the example of the Ming Dynasty in the first year of Emperor Taizong's Chongde (1636), and the emperor's daughter began to be called "princess". Usually, the daughter born to the queen is called "Princess Gulun", and the daughter born to the concubine and the adopted daughter of the queen are called "Princess Heshuo". Princess Julun is the highest rank of princess in Qing Dynasty. These two titles emphasize the difference between official and ordinary, but there are exceptions. The princess's husband is Xu. Xu was originally an official name. It is called a captain Xu, which was first established by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. "Han Shu Guan Bai Gong Qing Biao" said that "Xu was a captain and took charge of Xu, which was only set by Emperor Wu." Yan Shigu noted: "If you don't drive, you will all be deputy horses." It is a kind of official. In the Three Kingdoms period, the metaphysician was Princess Jinxiang, and he was named Xu DuDu. Since then, the emperor's son-in-law has granted Xu the position of a captain as usual, referred to as Xu for short. Thus, it became a virtual title, a special title. The princess's husband also calls himself "parting". This name originated from the famous princess Jinxiang in the Three Kingdoms period, and was awarded the title of Liehou. Because his face is like pink, people call him pink monkey, which later became another name for Xu's father, and Xu's brother was also called "pink Kun". Grade and title The emperor's daughter is called Princess, her sister is called princess royal, and her aunt is called Tai princess royal. Sometimes, the eldest daughter of the emperor is also called princess royal. Sometimes, when you leave princess royal, you will be greeted by someone at a higher level. For example, Tang Gaozong named your sister Dongyang a toffee instead of princess royal. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the princess was renamed "Ji Di". There are three titles of princesses, with the same rank: country names: Princess Ningguo and Princess Huoguo. By county name: it means the princess of XX county, such as Princess Xincheng and Princess Changle. But it is worth noting that the princess here is called princess for short, not "princess". Reputation: Named after various commendatory terms, such as Princess Anle and Princess Taiping. In the Qing Dynasty, the queen's daughter was called Princess Julun, and the Manchu language was "country, supreme". The daughter born to Yu Ji is Princess Heshuo, which means "one party".