Verses written by Fan Bo in the Book of Songs

In "The Book of Songs", there are no poems marked as "Fan Bo". Only "Ban" was written by Fan Bo according to the "Preface to Mao's Poems".

1. Original poem

"Ban"

The God is Banban, and the people are dying. If you say otherwise, it will not be far away. Mi Sheng is in charge. Not true. If you are not far away, you should use great advice.

The sky is difficult, and there is no such thing as a constitution. The sky is in a state of collapse, without any leakage. The words are compiled and the people are harmonious. The words are heartbreaking, but the people are reluctant to do so.

Although I am in a different situation, I am the same as your colleagues. I am your plan, listen to my roar. I am convinced, don't think it's a joke. The ancestors had something to say and asked about it.

The heaven is full of abuse, but it is no joke. The old man is irritating, the boy is irritating. I am an old man, but I am worried and joking. Many generals are hopeless and hopeless.

The sky is bright. Nothing to boast about. The majesty is lost, and the good man carries the corpse. If the people's square palace is shit, why should I dare to be a sunflower? You are in disgrace and disdain your capital. Have you ever shown any favor to my teacher?

The people of heaven are like Xun and Chi, like Zhang and Gui, like taking and carrying. Carrying nothing is called benefit, and it is easy to save the people. There are many tribes among the people, but there is no independent tribe.

Prince Weifan, Master Weiyuan, Dabang Weiping, Dazong Weihan, Huaide Weining, and Zongzi Weicheng. There is no need to destroy the city, and there is no need to be afraid of Dusi.

No one dares to play with the wrath of God. Chongqing, who respects heaven, dares not to gallop. Haotian said: "Ming, Jier will come out as king." Haotian said Dan, Jier Youyan.

2. Translation

God is confused and deviates from the ordinary way, and the people suffer from many diseases and hard work. It's too awkward to speak out, and there is no basis for making decisions. Ignoring the sages and being stubborn, not being honest and confusing right and wrong. It is too short-sighted to act in power, so it should be used for advice.

The world is in troubled times, so don’t have fun like this. The world is experiencing disaster and turmoil, so don't talk nonsense like this. If the government orders are harmonious and harmonious, the people will be able to live in harmony and be at peace with themselves. Once the government orders are defeated and disorganized, the people will naturally suffer.

Although you and I each perform our own duties, we also work together with your colleagues. I'm here to discuss it with you. If you don't listen to your advice, you'll still feel disgusted. What I said is in line with the reality of governing the country and should not be treated as a joke. The ancients have a saying that should not be forgotten. It is of great benefit to ask the woodcutter for advice.

The world is experiencing disasters and famines recently, so don’t indulge yourself in debauchery. The old man was full of loyalty and sincerity, but the boy was so arrogant and frivolous. Don't say that I am always eccentric and you think that I am stupid and ridiculous. Those who commit many unjust deeds will never end, and their illnesses will become irremediable.

God has been wrathful recently, and it will not help to obey. The etiquette of monarchs and ministers is in chaos, and good people are like corpses with no way to complain. The people are groaning and suffering, how dare I not care about others now. The country is in turmoil and lacks resources. How can we pacify our people?

Heaven guides and educates all people, as harmoniously as the blowing of the xunchi. Another example is that the Zhang Gui matches well with each other and is always carried and worn. We can work together at any time without hindrance, and we can make the best of the situation without making any deviations. There are many evil and eccentric things among the people today, and it is useless and useless to legislate.

Good people are like hedges, and people are like high walls. A big country is like a barrier to block the wind, and fellow tribesmen are like pillars. If you are virtuous, you will be stable and calm, and your eldest son will be able to live in the city. Don't let the city wall be destroyed and useless, don't let it be isolated and worried.

How can you dare to play wildly and carefree again when you fear God and give you an angry warning? Pay attention to the changes in the sky, how can you dare to be willful and arrogant again. God's will is clear and can be learned, and he will travel with you on the same path. God’s punishments are always there, accompanying you on your travels.

3. Appreciation

According to the "Preface to Mao's Poems", this poem was written by Fan Bo "King Ci Li". The Western Zhou Dynasty began to decline from the time of King Yi. When King Li was in power, the government was in bad shape, and the people were in dire straits. "Guoyu" once recorded that Shao Gong admonished King Li to slander him, which was a true reflection of his cruelty and injustice. As Shao Gong said, although King Li used severe methods of surveillance and massacre against those who spoke out in the country at that time, "defending the people's mouth is better than guarding the river." People still used various forms to vent their dissatisfaction. This prime minister is said to have been written by Fan Bo (Zheng Jian said that he was the "Yin of Zhou Gong" and "became a minister"; Wei Yuan's "Old Poetry Source" said that he was the "Uncle Bohe" in "Jizhong Annals") Satirical poetry is the best proof.

Contrary to the characteristic of some allegorical poems of later generations that "the final chapter shows the ambition", the author starts with a clear meaning and uses concise language from the beginning to clearly state the purpose and reasons for writing the poem to persuade. The first two sentences use "God" versus "the people". The former is confused and goes against the rules, while the latter is hard-working and full of disasters. The cause-and-effect relationship is very obvious. This is a high-level summary. The following chapter-by-chapter description of the entire poem can be said to revolve around these two sentences.

As for the "banban" of "God" (referring to King Zhou Li), the author made a series of revelations and condemnations in the poem. First, "If you say something else, it will not be far away. If the saints are in charge, it is not true for the common people." Not only are there no basis for speech and decision-making, but they also ignore the sages and do not keep credit; ", "Fang Shao" and "Fang Yan", blindly "Xianxian", "venting", "joking" and "praising". In the face of a chaotic world, they still have to have fun, talk nonsense and do nothing; Then he behaved in a "foolish" manner, unable to listen to loyal advice and advice. He not only regarded the outspoken words of the old ministers as child's play, but also made the people of the country remain silent, to the point of being "incurable".

The author has devoted great care and sympathy to the "death" of the "subordinate people". He persuaded the kings to change their political orders and coordinate relations so that the people could get rid of suffering and live in harmony ("If you compile the words, the people will be harmonious. If the words are cowardly, the people will not be harmed."); In order to understand the people's conflict with water and fire, he boldly He was willing to take risks when he spoke ("If the people treat the palace like shit, I would never dare to be a sunflower. I would never do anything to benefit my master if he was in trouble and despised the capital."); at the same time, he took the trouble to state to King Li the way of "God's will to save the people". He emphasized that the guidance of the people should be as harmonious as playing the Xunchi, and the support of the people should be as careful as wearing the Zhanggui; finally, he meaningfully compared the people to the country's city wall, reminding King Li to take care of himself and not to destroy the city wall. , I feel ashamed.

As a convergence and combination of condemnation and sympathy, the author adopts a dual approach of persuasion and warning against King Li's tyranny and cruelty. For persuasion, there are three sentences of "Wu Ran", two sentences of "Wu Dare", one sentence each of "Wu Wei", "Wu Zi", "Wu Bi", "Wu Du", "Don't take it", and "Broody me". It can be said to be a sincere and heartfelt warning, with the intention of admonishing good deeds without getting tired of it. Those that are warnings include "Many generals are dead and cannot be saved", "Haotian says Ming, Ji Er will be the king. Haotian says Dan, Ji Er Youyan" "Sentences such as "Knowing the interests and dangers, and suspending punishments to punish evil." This combination of persuasion and warning makes the whole poem more comprehensive and thorough in reasoning. At the same time, it also shows the author's concern for the country and the people, which is a lesson in loyalty.

In this poem, there are two most noteworthy points: First, the author’s people-oriented thinking. He not only compared the people to the country's city walls, but also put forward the idea of ??benefiting teachers and benefiting the people. This is in a sense similar to Shaogong's advice and has a positive and progressive effect. The second is to use the traditional thoughts of respecting heaven in the Zhou Dynasty to warn King Li of the disrespect of "playing Yu" and "running fast", thereby strengthening the intensity of the satirical admonishment. If he were not a stubborn king who had subjugated his country, he should have been touched by this.

As for the fact that the whole poem uses straight words, it also serves as a remonstrance to future generations. This is evident from the author's magnanimity and emotional passion. The multiple uses of repeated words and the vivid and neat comparison of metaphors allow it to maintain the artistry of poetry. This song "Ban" and the other song "Dang" were both famous for their satire on King Li in later generations, so much so that "Ban Dang" became a special word to describe the political chaos and social unrest. It is not difficult to imagine its great influence.

4. Reference Materials

"Ancient Poetry Net·Appreciation of the Book of Songs"