Who has the characteristics of Newton? Briefly introduce his or her deeds.

The Life of Isaac Newton

I don’t know what kind of person I am in the eyes of others; but in my own eyes, I am just a A child playing on the beach is complacent about finding from time to time a pebble smoother than usual or a shell more beautiful than usual, but completely unaware of the vast ocean of truth unfolding before me.

——Newton

Newton’s diligent study

When talking about Newton, the founder of modern science, people may think that he must have been a "child prodigy" or "genius" when he was a child. ", with extraordinary intelligence. In fact, this was not the case. Newton was thin in body and not very bright in his childhood. When I was studying in my hometown, I didn't study very hard, and my academic performance in the class was second-rate. But his interests are wide-ranging, and his game skills are higher than those of ordinary children.

Newton was fond of making mechanical models, such as windmills, waterwheels, sundials, etc. The water clock he carefully made was more accurate in timing and was praised by people. Sometimes, the way he plays is also very strange. One day, he made a lantern and hung it on the tail of the kite. When night falls, the lit lanterns are lifted into the sky by the power of the kites. Glowing lanterns flowed in the sky, and people were startled, thinking that a comet had appeared. Despite this, he was often discriminated against because of his poor academic performance.

At that time, the British feudal society had a very serious hierarchical system. Students who studied well in primary and secondary schools could discriminate against students who did not study well. There was a recess game, when everyone was having fun, a student who was studying well kicked Newton on the pretext and called him a fool. Newton's mind was so stimulated that he was extremely angry. He thought, we are both students, why should I be bullied by him? I must surpass him! From then on, Newton made up his mind to study hard. He gets up early and goes to bed late, seizes every moment, studies and thinks hard. After studying hard, Newton's academic performance continued to improve, and soon he surpassed the classmate who had bullied him and ranked at the top of the class.

Time treats people equally and gives people the same amount, but people use their time differently and the knowledge they gain is also very different.

When Newton was sixteen years old, his mathematical knowledge was very superficial, and he did not even understand advanced mathematical knowledge. "Knowledge lies in accumulation, and wisdom comes from learning." Newton was determined to reach the peak of mathematics through his own efforts. Under the unfavorable conditions of poor foundation, Newton was able to understand himself correctly and advance despite difficulties. He started over from basic knowledge and basic formulas, and advanced step by step. After studying Euclidean geometry, he then studied Descartes geometry. In comparison, he felt that Euclidean geometry was superficial, so he studied Descartes' geometry carefully until he mastered the essentials and understood them thoroughly. Then he invented the algebraic binomial theorem. The legendary story of Newton "calculating the strength of the wind in a big storm" can be evidence of Newton's body mechanics. One day, there was a big storm. The wind is howling in the wild, the dust is flying, and it is so confusing that it is difficult to open one's eyes. Newton saw this as an opportunity to accurately study and calculate the force of the wind. So, he took the tools and ran back and forth alone in the storm. He stumbled and measured with difficulty. Several times the dust blinded his eyes, several times the wind blew away the calculation paper, and several times the wind forced him to suspend his work, but they did not shake his desire for knowledge. He repeated it again and again, and finally obtained the correct data. He was so happy that he hurried home and continued his research.

Where there is a will, there is a way. Through diligent study, Newton laid a solid foundation for his scientific tower. Soon, Newton's mathematical tower was built. He invented differential calculus at the age of 22 and integral calculus at the age of 23, making great contributions to human science.

Newton was a very humble man and never arrogant. Someone once asked Newton: "What is the secret of your success?" Newton replied: "If I have a little success, there is no other secret but diligence."

Young Newton

On January 4, 1643, Newton was born in a yeoman family in Walsop, a small town in Lincolnshire, England.

Newton was a premature baby, weighing only three pounds at birth, and his midwives and his relatives were worried about whether he would survive. No one expected that this seemingly insignificant little thing would become a scientific giant that shocked the past and the present, and lived to the age of 85.

Newton's father died three months before he was born. When he was two years old, his mother remarried a priest and left Newton to be raised by his grandmother. When she was 11 years old, her mother's step-husband passed away, and her mother returned to Newton with her son and two daughters. Newton was taciturn and stubborn since he was a child. This habit may come from his family situation.

From about the age of five, Newton was sent to public schools. When he was a boy, Newton was not a child prodigy. He had ordinary qualifications and average grades, but he loved reading and reading books that introduced various methods of making simple mechanical models, and was inspired by them to make some weird gadgets by himself. Such as windmills, wooden clocks, folding lanterns, etc.

It is said that after Newton figured out the mechanical principles of the windmill, he made a model of a mill. He tied a mouse to a wheeled treadmill, and then placed a wheel in front of it. Grains of corn happen to be out of reach of mice. The mouse wanted to eat corn, so it kept running, so the wheel kept turning; once again when he was flying a kite, he hung a small light on the rope. At night, the villagers looked at it and were surprised that it was a comet; he also made a small water clock. . Every morning, the small water clock will automatically drip water on his face to urge him to get up. He also likes painting, sculpture, and especially carving sundials. Sundials he carved are placed everywhere in the corners and windowsills of his home to observe the movement of the sun's shadow.

When Newton was 12 years old, he entered Grantham Middle School not far from home. Newton's mother originally wanted him to become a farmer, but Newton himself had no intention of doing this and loved reading instead. As he grew older, Newton became more and more fond of reading, meditating, and doing small scientific experiments. When he was studying at Grantham High School, he stayed at the home of a pharmacist, which exposed him to chemical experiments.

Newton's academic performance was not outstanding in middle school. He just loved reading and was curious about natural phenomena, such as color, the movement of sun and shadow in the four seasons, especially geometry, Copernicus' heliocentric theory, etc. He also keeps reading notes by category, and likes to make creative gadgets, tricks, inventions, and experiments.

At that time, British society was permeated with new Christian ideas. Newton's family had two relatives who were both priests, which may have affected Newton's religious life in his later years. From these ordinary environments and activities, it is not obvious that the young Newton was a child with outstanding talents and extraordinary talents.

Later, forced by life, his mother asked Newton to drop out of school and work at home to support the family. But Newton buried himself in his books whenever he had the chance, and often even forgot to work. Every time his mother asked him to go to the market with his servant to familiarize himself with the business, he would beg the servant to go to the street alone while he hid behind the bushes and read a book. Once, Newton's uncle became suspicious and followed Newton to the town. He found his nephew lying on the grass with his legs stretched out and he was concentrating on a mathematical problem. Newton's studious spirit moved his uncle, so his uncle persuaded his mother to let Newton resume school and encouraged Newton to go to college. Newton returned to school again, eagerly absorbing the nutrition from the books.

School years

In 1661, 19-year-old Newton entered Trinity College, Cambridge, as a reduced-fee student. He paid for his tuition with the income from doing chores for the college. In 1664, he became a scholarship student. Recipient, received his bachelor's degree in 1665.

In the mid-17th century, the education system of Cambridge University was still permeated with a strong flavor of medieval scholasticism. When Newton entered Cambridge, some scholastic courses were still taught, such as logic, ancient Chinese, grammar, and ancient times. History, theology, etc. Two years later, a new trend emerged at Trinity College. Lucas created an original lecture course, which provided for the teaching of natural science knowledge, such as geography, physics, astronomy and mathematics.

The first professor of the lecture, Isaac Barrow, was a learned scientist. This scholar had a unique insight and saw that Newton had profound observation and keen understanding.

So he taught Newton all his mathematical knowledge, including methods of calculating the area of ??curved figures, and led Newton to the research field of modern natural sciences.

During this learning process, Newton mastered arithmetic and trigonometry, and read Kepler's "Optics", Descartes's "Geometry" and "Principles of Philosophy", and Galileo's "The Two Worlds" "Systematic Dialogue", Hooke's "Micrographia", as well as the history of the Royal Society and early philosophical transactions, etc.

Newton's time under Barrow was a critical period for his learning. Barrow was 12 years older than Newton and was proficient in mathematics and optics. He greatly admired Newton's talent and believed that Newton's mathematics surpassed his own. Later, Newton recalled: "Dr. Barrow was teaching courses on kinematics. Perhaps it was these courses that prompted me to study this aspect."

At that time, Newton was very big in mathematics. The degree is dependent on self-study. He studied the works of many mathematicians such as Euclid's "Elements of Geometry", Descartes's "Geometry", Wallis's "Infinite Arithmetic", Barrow's "Lectures on Mathematics" and Veda. Among them, Descartes's "Geometry" and Wallis's "Infinite Arithmetic" had a decisive influence on Newton. They quickly led Newton to the forefront of mathematics at that time - analytic geometry and calculus. In 1664, Newton was elected as Barrow's assistant. The next year, the Cambridge University Senate passed the decision to award Newton a bachelor's degree from the University.

A serious plague swept London from 1665 to 1666. Cambridge was not far from London. For fear of spreading the disease, the school was closed. Newton left school and returned home in June 1665.

Because Newton was influenced and trained in mathematics and natural sciences at Cambridge, he developed a strong interest in exploring natural phenomena. The quiet environment of his hometown allowed his thoughts to spread. The short period from 1665 to 1666 became the golden years of Newton's scientific career. He was full of ideas and talents in the field of natural science, thinking about problems that no one before him had considered, and entering fields that no one before him had touched upon. Created unprecedented and amazing results.

In early 1665, Newton created the series approximation method and the rule for converting binomials of any power into a series; in November of the same year, he created the positive flow method (differential calculus); in January of the following year , used prisms to study color theory; in May, began to study the regurgitant number method (integration). Within this year, Newton began to think of studying the problem of gravity and wanted to extend the theory of gravity to the orbit of the moon. He also deduced from Kepler's laws that the forces keeping the planets in their orbits must be inversely proportional to the square of their distance from the center of rotation. The legend that Newton realized the gravity of the earth when he saw an apple falling to the ground also tells an anecdote that happened at this time.

In short, during the two years he lived in his hometown, Newton engaged in scientific creation and cared about natural philosophy issues with more energy than at any time since then. His three major achievements: calculus, gravitation, and optical analysis were all conceived at this time. It can be said that Newton at this time had already begun to draw the blueprint for most scientific creations in his life.

Shortly after Easter 1667, Newton returned to Cambridge University. On October 1, he was elected as a junior fellow (junior member) of Trinity College. He received his master's degree on March 16 of the following year, and at the same time Become a principal couple (senior committee member). On October 27, 1669, Barrow resigned as professor in order to support Newton. Newton, 26, was promoted to professor of mathematics and served as the Lucas Lecture Professor. Barrow paved the way for Newton's scientific career. Without the help of Newton's uncle and Barrow, Newton, the thousand-mile horse, might not be galloping on the road of science. Barrow gave way to the wise, which has always been a good story in the history of science.

Great achievements~the establishment of calculus

Among all Newton's scientific contributions, mathematical achievements occupy a prominent position. The first creative achievement of his mathematical career was the discovery of the binomial theorem. According to Newton's own recollection, he discovered this theorem in the winter of 1664 and 1665 when he was studying Dr. Wallis's "Infinite Arithmetic" and trying to modify his series for finding the area of ??a circle.

Descartes' analytic geometry corresponds the functional relationships describing motion to geometric curves.

Under the guidance of his teacher Barrow, Newton found a new way out based on studying Descartes' analytic geometry. The speed at any moment can be regarded as the average speed in a small time range. This is the ratio of a small distance to the time interval. When this small time interval shrinks to infinitesimal, it is the accurate value of this point. . This is the concept of differentiation.

Finding the differential is equivalent to finding the tangent slope at a certain point based on the relationship between time and distance. The distance traveled by a variable-speed moving object in a certain time range can be regarded as the sum of the distances traveled in tiny time intervals. This is the concept of integration. Finding the integral is equivalent to finding the area under the curve that relates time to velocity. Starting from these basic concepts, Newton established calculus.

The creation of calculus is Newton's most outstanding mathematical achievement. In order to solve the problem of motion, Newton created this mathematical theory that is directly related to physical concepts. Newton called it "fluid mathematics". Some of the specific problems it handles, such as tangent problems, quadrature problems, instantaneous velocity problems, and maximum and minimum value problems of functions, have been studied before Newton. But Newton surpassed his predecessors. He stood at a higher perspective, synthesized the scattered efforts in the past, and unified the various techniques for solving infinitesimal problems since ancient Greece into two common types of algorithms-differential and integral. The reciprocal relationship between these two types of operations was established, thereby completing the most critical step in the invention of calculus, providing the most effective tool for the development of modern science, and opening up a new era in mathematics.

Newton did not publish the research results of calculus in time. He may have studied calculus earlier than Leibniz, but the expression form adopted by Leibniz was more reasonable, and his works on calculus were published. It's also earlier than Newton.

When Newton and Leibniz argued about who was the founder of this discipline, a violent quarrel was caused. This quarrel was widely discussed among their respective students, supporters and mathematics The family feud lasted for a long time, resulting in a long-standing antagonism between continental European mathematicians and British mathematicians. For a period of time, British mathematics was closed to the country, limited by national prejudices, and stagnant in Newton's "fluid mathematics". As a result, the development of mathematics lagged behind for a hundred years.

It should be said that the creation of a science is by no means the performance of one person. It must be the result of the efforts of many people and the accumulation of a large number of results, and finally summarized by one or several people. Completed. The same is true for calculus, which was independently established by Newton and Leibniz on the basis of their predecessors.

In 1707, Newton's algebra lectures were compiled and published as "Universal Arithmetic". He mainly discusses the basics of algebra and its application (by solving equations) to solving various types of problems. The book states the basic concepts and basic operations of algebra, uses a large number of examples to illustrate how to turn various problems into algebraic equations, and conducts in-depth discussions on the roots and properties of equations, leading to fruitful results in equation theory, such as, He derived the relationship between the roots of an equation and its discriminant, and pointed out that the coefficients of the equation can be used to determine the sum of the powers of the roots of the equation, which is the "Newton Power Sum Formula".

Newton contributed to both analytic geometry and synthetic geometry. He introduced the center of curvature in "Analytical Geometry" published in 1736, gave the concept of a close line circle (or curved circle), and proposed a curvature formula and a method for calculating the curvature of curves. He summarized many of his research results into a monograph "Enumeration of Cubic Curves", published in 1704. In addition, his mathematical work also involves many fields such as numerical analysis, probability theory and elementary number theory.

Great achievements~Three major contributions to optics

Before Newton, Mozi, Bacon, Leonardo da Vinci and others had studied optical phenomena. The law of reflection is one of the optical laws that people have known for a long time. When modern science was on the rise, Galileo shocked the world by discovering the "new universe" through his telescope. Dutch mathematician Snell first discovered the law of refraction of light. Descartes proposed the particle theory of light...

Newton and his almost contemporaries such as Hooke and Huygens, like Galileo, Descartes and other predecessors, used great interest and Passionate about researching optics.

In 1666, while on vacation at home, Newton obtained a prism, which he used to conduct his famous dispersion experiment. After a beam of sunlight passes through the prism, it is decomposed into several color spectral bands. Newton then uses a baffle with a slit to block the other colors of light, allowing only one color of light to pass through the second prism. The result is are just the same color of light. In this way, he discovered that white light is composed of light of various colors. This was his first major contribution.

In order to verify this discovery, Newton tried to combine several different monochromatic lights into white light, and calculated the refractive index of different colors of light, accurately explaining the dispersion phenomenon. The mystery of the color of matter is revealed. It turns out that the color of matter is caused by the different reflectivity and refractive index of light of different colors on objects. In 1672 AD, Newton published his research results in the "Philosophical Journal of the Royal Society". This was his first publicly published paper.

Many people study optics to improve refracting telescopes. Because Newton discovered the composition of white light, he believed that the dispersion phenomenon of refracting telescope lenses could not be eliminated (later, some people used lenses composed of glasses with different refractive indexes to eliminate the dispersion phenomenon), so he designed and built a reflecting telescope.

Newton was not only good at mathematical calculations, but he was also able to make various experimental equipment and conduct precise experiments by himself. In order to manufacture telescopes, he designed his own grinding and polishing machine and experimented with various grinding materials. In 1668 AD, he made the first prototype of a reflecting telescope, which was his second greatest contribution. In 1671 AD, Newton presented his improved reflecting telescope to the Royal Society. Newton became famous and was elected as a member of the Royal Society. The invention of the reflecting telescope laid the foundation for modern large-scale optical astronomical telescopes.

At the same time, Newton also conducted a large number of observation experiments and mathematical calculations, such as studying the abnormal refraction phenomenon of glacial rocks discovered by Huygens, the color phenomenon of soap bubbles discovered by Hooke, and the "Newton Rings" Optical phenomena and so on.

Newton also proposed the "particle theory" of light, believing that light is formed by particles and takes the fastest linear motion path. His "particle theory" and later Huygens' "wave theory" constitute the two basic theories about light. In addition, he also produced various optical instruments such as Newton's color disk.

Great achievement~Constructing the building of mechanics

Newton is the master of classical mechanics theory. He systematically summarized the work of Galileo, Kepler, Huygens and others, and obtained the famous law of universal gravitation and Newton's three laws of motion.

Before Newton, astronomy was the most prominent subject. But why do planets must orbit the sun according to certain rules? Astronomers can't explain this problem satisfactorily. The discovery of universal gravitation shows that the motion of stars in the sky and the motion of objects on the ground are governed by the same laws - the laws of mechanics.

Long before Newton discovered the law of universal gravitation, many scientists had seriously considered this issue. For example, Kepler realized that there must be a force at work to keep the planets moving along the elliptical orbit. He believed that this force was similar to magnetism, just like a magnet attracting iron. In 1659, Huygens discovered from studying the motion of a pendulum that a centripetal force is needed to keep an object moving in a circular orbit. Hooke and others thought it was gravity, and tried to deduce the relationship between gravity and distance.

In 1664, Hooke discovered that the orbital bending of comets when approaching the sun was due to the gravitational effect of the sun; in 1673, Huygens derived the law of centripetal force; in 1679, Hooke and Halley derived the law of centripetal force from the Puller's third law states that the gravitational force that maintains planetary motion is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.

Newton himself recalled that around 1666, he had already considered the issue of gravity when he lived in his hometown. The most famous saying is that during holidays, Newton often sat in the garden for a while. Once, as happened many times in the past, an apple fell from the tree...

The accidental falling of an apple was a turning point in the history of human thought. It made the man sitting in the garden The man's mind was enlightened, causing him to ponder: What is the reason why all objects are almost always attracted towards the center of the earth? Newton thought.

Finally, he discovered gravity, which was of epoch-making significance to mankind.

The brilliance of Newton is that he solved the mathematical argumentation problem that Hooke and others could not solve. In 1679, Hooke wrote to ask Newton if he could prove that the planets move in elliptical orbits based on the law of centripetal force and the law that gravity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. Newton did not answer this question. When Halley visited Newton in 1685, Newton had already discovered the law of universal gravitation: there is a gravitational force between two objects, and the gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance and directly proportional to the product of the masses of the two objects.

At that time, accurate data such as the radius of the earth and the distance between the sun and the earth were already available for calculation. Newton proved to Halley that the earth's gravity is the centripetal force that causes the moon to move around the earth. He also proved that under the influence of the sun's gravity, the motion of the planets complies with Kepler's three laws of motion.

Under Halley's urging, Newton wrote the epoch-making great work "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" at the end of 1686. The Royal Society lacked funds and could not publish this book. Later, with Halley's funding, this one of the greatest works in the history of science was able to be published in 1687.

In this book, Newton started from the basic concepts of mechanics (mass, momentum, inertia, force) and basic laws (the three laws of motion), and used the sharp mathematical tool calculus he invented. , not only mathematically demonstrated the law of universal gravitation, but also established classical mechanics as a complete and rigorous system, unified the mechanics of celestial bodies and the mechanics of objects on the ground, and achieved the first major synthesis in the history of physics.

Standing on the shoulders of giants

Newton’s research fields are very broad. In addition to making outstanding contributions in mathematics, optics, mechanics, etc., he also spent a lot of energy on chemistry. experiment. He often stayed in the laboratory for six weeks, working day and night. He spent a lot of time on chemistry, but achieved few notable achievements. Why did the same great Newton achieve so different achievements in different fields?

One of the reasons is that each discipline is at different stages of development. In terms of mechanics and astronomy, thanks to the efforts of Galileo, Kepler, Hooke, Huygens and others, it was possible for Newton to build a magnificent mechanical building using the materials he had already prepared. As he himself said, "If I can see far, it is because I stand on the shoulders of giants." In chemistry, Newton could not go to a place where he could cut down materials because the right path had not yet been opened.

Before his death, Newton summed up his life path like this: "I don't know what kind of person I am in the eyes of others; but in my own eyes, I am just like a A child playing on the beach is complacent about finding a smoother pebble or a more beautiful shell from time to time, but he is completely unaware of the vast ocean of truth unfolding before me." p>

This is certainly Newton's humility.

Weird Newton

Newton was not good at teaching. When he taught the newly discovered calculus, his students could not accept it. But his ability to solve difficult problems far exceeds that of ordinary people. While still a student, Newton discovered a way to calculate infinite quantities. He used this secret method to calculate the area of ??the hyperbola to 250 digits. He once bought a prism at a high price and used it as a scientific research tool. He used it to experiment with the colored light that white light decomposes into.

At first, he was unwilling to publish his observations. His discoveries were just a personal pastime, in order to relieve his boredom in the quiet study. He wandered alone in the world he created. In the super world. Later, under the persuasion of his friend Halley, he reluctantly agreed to publish his manuscript, and the epoch-making masterpiece "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" was published.

As a university professor, Newton was often so busy that he often walked into the university cafeteria with his tie unknotted, his garters untied, and his breeches unbuttoned. Once, when he was proposing to a girl, his mind wandered again, and all he could think of was the infinite binomial theorem.

He grabbed the girl's finger, mistakenly took it as a pipe pipe, and forced it into the pipe, causing the girl to scream in pain and leave him. Newton never married.

Newton calmly observed the little things in daily life, and as a result he made important discoveries in the history of science. He was sloppy and procrastinated and made many jokes. Once, while he was reading, he was boiling eggs. When he opened the pot and wanted to eat the eggs, he found that there was a pocket watch in the pot. Another time, he invited a friend to dinner. When the meal was ready, Newton suddenly thought of a question and went into the inner room alone. The friend waited for him for a long time but still didn't see him come out, so the friend ate all the chicken himself. , the chicken bones were left on the plate and left without saying goodbye. When Newton remembered that when he came out, he found the bones on the plate and thought that he had already eaten them, so he turned around and went back into the inner room to continue studying his problem.

Newton's later years

However, due to limitations of the times, Newton was basically a metaphysical mechanical materialist. He believes that motion is only mechanical motion, a change in position in space; the universe, like the sun, has no development and change; relying on the action of gravity, stars are always in a fixed position...

As his scientific reputation grew, so did Newton's political standing. In 1689, he was elected university representative in Parliament. As a member of Parliament, Newton gradually began to distance himself from the science that had brought him so much success. From time to time he expressed his distaste for the field he represented. At the same time, he spent a lot of time arguing about scientific priorities with famous scientists of his generation such as Hooke and Leibniz.

In his later years, Newton lived a grand life in London. In 1705, he was made a peer by Queen Anne. Newton was very wealthy at this time and was widely regarded as the greatest living scientist. He served as President of the Royal Society, and during his twenty-four years he ruled the Society with an iron fist. No one can be elected without his consent.

In his later years, Newton began to devote himself to the study of theology. He denied the guiding role of philosophy, believed in God devoutly, and devoted himself to writing books on theology. When he encountered the inexplicable movement of celestial bodies, he actually proposed the fallacy of "God's first driving force". He said, “God rules over all things, and we are His servants who fear and worship Him.”

On March 20, 1727, the great Isaac Newton passed away. Like many other distinguished Englishmen, he is buried in Westminster Abbey. His tombstone is engraved with:

Let people hail such a great one

Human glory once existed in the world.

Isaac Newton’s Beliefs

a. “There is no doubt that the world we see is so colorful in all its forms and so colorful in all its movements. Intricate and complex, it is nothing but the free will of God who guides and dominates all things." - See page 158 of "Selected Works of Newton's Natural Philosophy"

b. "Now we can learn more. Taking a step closer to appreciate the beauty of nature and immersing ourselves in pleasant contemplation, thereby more deeply arousing our love and worship for the great Creator and Lord of all things, is the ultimate goal of philosophy. The most beautiful and most valuable fruits, he must be blind who does not see in these wisest and most perfect designs of things the infinite wisdom and good will of the Almighty Creator, and who refuses to acknowledge them. He must be an emotionless madman." - See page 160 of "Selected Works of Newton's Natural Philosophy"

c. "...However, as a devout believer, Newton was in his early years. His natural science work was imprinted with theology. Newton's family had a strong religious atmosphere. His stepfather and uncle were both pastors. His grandmother and mother who raised him were both devout believers. Their purpose was to send Newton to Cambridge University. , hoping that he would become a priest in the future. In 1678, when Newton graduated from Cambridge, according to general practice, he should accept the priesthood. However, Newton publicly stated that in order to better "serve God", he would not accept the priesthood. He used the study of natural philosophy to prove the existence of God, thus winning a charter from King Charles II of England.

Therefore, in his scientific research, he reconciled science and theology everywhere. He said: "Discussing God from the appearance of things is undoubtedly a matter within natural philosophy." Only by revealing and discovering God’s wisest and most ingenious arrangements for all things, as well as the ultimate causes, through scientific work can we understand God’. "——Excerpted from pages 5-6 of the preface to "Selected Works of Newton's Natural Philosophy"

d. "In Newton's later years, after he rose to great heights in the capitalist world, the wavering and compromising side of the bourgeoisie completely disappeared. Dominated him, he went further and further down the path of theology and spiritualism. He immersed himself in the study of alchemy and wrote a large number of notes and articles; he was keen on chronology and theology, desperately researching the deeds in the Bible and the "scientific" chronology of ancient Greek and Egyptian legends, trying to confirm Daniel's prophetic dream The ten horns on the head of the giant beast seen in the book are the ten kingdoms, and the one small horn is the Roman Church. He is also immersed in the study of the Revelation of John and so on. Among the large number of manuscripts left to his niece-in-law, there are 1.5 million words of works on religion, theology, and chronology. These futile tasks occupied the entire second half of his life, reducing him completely to a slave to theology. In the second half of Newton's life, the mainstream was idealism. Newton's natural philosophy can only find its final destination in God. "——Excerpted from pages 11-12 of the Preface to "Selected Works of Newton's Natural Philosophy"