, "ye" and other function words to express it. Han Yu wrote "I don't know how to read a sentence" in "Shi Shuo", in which "sentence reading" means sentence segmentation. Function words such as "zhi",

, "ye" and other function words to express it. Han Yu wrote "I don't know how to read a sentence" in "Shi Shuo", in which "sentence reading" means sentence segmentation. Function words such as "zhi", "hu", "zhe" and "ye" are respectively It has a role. Different function words represent different punctuation points, and generally there are rules to follow. There is a formula: 曰hou mao (:), zaihou sighs (!), gai, fu are mostly at the beginning of the sentence, yu, and usually in the middle. Yeah, Hu often expresses questions (?), and draws a circle (.) behind the ear. It also functions as a pause, or as a sentence (.) or as a tease (,) as appropriate. If you don’t understand the functions of these function words, you can It is possible to make mistakes when reading aloud, which will not only affect the understanding of the text content, but also affect the familiar reading and recitation of the text. Summarize the rules and pay attention to the methods. When studying ancient Chinese, you must cultivate the exegetical style of the Qianjia School from the beginning. Of course not Let one word explain tens of thousands of words, but it must be thoroughly understood. Making more summaries is an excellent method. Knowledge is systematic and regular. In the process of learning, you should pay attention to find out the connections between them. Internal connections, summarizing regular things, and using scientific methods to remember the knowledge learned. For example: when translating classical Chinese, you must make sure that the text is clear and the words are fluent. However, when translating, some can be translated literally, and some can be free translated. Literal translation is Sentence-to-sentence translation is based on word order, word by sentence, and free translation is to break the original word order and translate according to meaning. Generally speaking, literal translation is used for narratives and argumentative essays, while free translation is used for lyrical articles. In translation At that time, those proper nouns, such as: place names, personal names, emperor names, reign names, official names, etc., were translated without translation. As long as you master these regular knowledge, you can use it in any classical Chinese article. Therefore, we should pay attention to summary when studying. For some classical Chinese function words, the flexible use of parts of speech, etc., we can use cards to summarize and organize. Good learning methods can get twice the result with half the effort. 2. What is classical Chinese? 1. Classical Chinese is very exciting. There is no doubt about it. The main body of Chinese traditional culture is classical Chinese. It can be seen that the history of China's modern civilization is still very short, and it is still necessary to deconstruct or interpret traditional culture for modernization, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.

2. Classical Chinese is knowledge. Yes, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely text. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and oracle bone inscriptions are also knowledge. Why not learn oracle bone inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because oracle bone inscriptions are more primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further learning of traditional advanced writing (study) such as oracle bone inscriptions.

3. Classical Chinese is also a skill. Chinese expressions, descriptions, combinations, transformations, metaphors, metaphors, deductions... fully embody the style of Chinese civilization in the expression of ideas. Master the physical structure of classical Chinese and have a deeper understanding of modern Chinese, and you will have "laws" to follow for the construction of new Chinese.

4. "Classical Chinese" is the opposite of "Albino Chinese". The structure of the word is this: classical Chinese-文. The first "wen" is "writing" and "yan" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It illustrates two meanings: first, it indicates that the classical Chinese text is a kind of language; second, this language was later literalized. "Literalized" language also has two meanings: first, a culture that can have language but no writing, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language but no writing; second, the language function withdraws from life and becomes history in the form of writing.

The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: a style of language that has been written down. The "wen" at the back refers to the style of writing.

So apart from archaeological research, does classical Chinese have any "future"? In other words, what other application value does it have in life? I think there is. When the traditional form of life fades into modern society, it is only that people ignore the social life in some marginal areas, which causes modern applications to doubt or ignore classical Chinese. For example, in religious construction, some inscriptions are still written in classical Chinese, written in calligraphy, and engraved using tools. This is also the case for most applications of seal script.

Looking further, classical poetry belongs to the category of "classical Chinese", and they have not left us in life.

It's just that in terms of language form, Zhihu has also left the spoken word. After it became written, it obviously has definite normative requirements for the refinement of techniques and the expansion of meaning. Its "prospect" lies in its application and its ability to awaken ambiguous etymology and allusions. It can be said that the future is promising.

The term "classical Chinese" can also encompass the cultural and historical relationship between language and writing. In a certain form, once a certain language - including dialects - is "wen" or literalized, that is, written, the charm of its language is suddenly reduced, while the function of writing is doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and is closely related to life, language has not yet entered a cultural state. It is a preservation of life experience and does not have the extended performance of words.

In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: Did people in ancient times also say this? I think this can be "feeled" by the difference in expression between written language and spoken language in the present tense. There is no big difference in structure and rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech was just more casual and more popular than classical Chinese. The "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for when we read classical Chinese today, of course it does not mean that we are repeating what the ancients said, but that we are reciting or silently reading a literary style.

When reading classical Chinese, you feel a very clear line of thought, just like occasionally reading the works of Western philosophers, which has the solemnity it deserves. 3. What is classical Chinese?

What is classical Chinese? A written language in ancient China, it mainly includes written language based on the spoken language of the Pre-Qin period.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, items used to record text had not yet been invented. Bamboo slips, silk and other items were used to record text. Silk was expensive, bamboo slips were bulky and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to be able to record text in To write down more things on a "one volume" bamboo slip, unimportant words need to be deleted. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the ruling class's habit of using "official documents" for their correspondence had been finalized, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy.

Classical Chinese is relative to vernacular. It is characterized by writing based on words, paying attention to allusions, parallel antithesis, neat rhythm and no punctuation. It includes strategies, poems, lyrics, tunes, eight-part essays, Parallel prose, ancient prose and other literary styles. 4. What does classical Chinese mean?

Classical Chinese is a processed written language based on ancient Chinese.

Processing may have occurred in the earliest written language based on spoken language. Classical Chinese is an article composed of a written language in ancient China. It mainly includes written language based on the spoken language of the Pre-Qin period.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, items used to record text had not yet been invented. Bamboo slips, silk and other items were used to record text. Silk was expensive, bamboo slips were bulky and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to be able to " Write down more things on the bamboo slips and delete the unimportant words. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the ruling class's habit of using "official documents" for their correspondence had been finalized, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy.

Classical Chinese is relative to the vernacular. It is characterized by writing based on words, focusing on allusions, parallel antithesis, and neat rhythm. It includes strategies, poems, lyrics, tunes, eight-part essays, parallel prose, etc. kind of style. In order to facilitate reading and understanding, classical Chinese texts in modern books are generally marked with punctuation marks. 5. What does ancient Chinese refer to?

Ancient Chinese

① The collective name for classical Chinese before the May Fourth Movement (generally excluding "parallel prose"). ② The official script was popular in the Han Dynasty, so the fonts before the Qin Dynasty were called ancient scripts, specifically referring to the ancient scripts in Xu Shen's "Shuowen Jiezi".

Detailed explanation ②

Ancient prose refers to the text in ancient books from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and before. Xu Shen said in "Shuowen Jie Zi Xu": "Zhou Taishi Zhou wrote fifteen large seal scripts, which may be different from ancient prose." He compared ancient prose with big seal scripts and said that ancient prose is the general name for the writing before Shi Zhou.

Since the ancients did not have pen and ink, they used bamboo sticks to paint and write on bamboo tubes, which was called deeds and bamboo slips.

Because the bamboo is hard and the paint is greasy, writing is not fluent, and the words written are thick at the beginning and thin at the end, resembling the shape of a tadpole, so it is called tadpole writing or tadpole writing. All lacquer calligraphy on bamboo slips can be called tadpole script, and it does not necessarily mean that it must have been written by someone other than Tadpole script.

Ancient texts mainly refer to the texts in ancient books such as "The Book of Changes", "The Analects of Confucius", "Spring and Autumn", "Shang Shu", "Zhou Rites", "Lu Shi Chun Qiu", "Xiao Jing" and so on. It is an early form of pen writing.

Compared with parallel prose, prose is prose with odd sentences and single lines and no duality. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, parallel prose became popular, paying attention to parallelism, neat syntax and gorgeous words. Later in the Northern Dynasty, Su Chuo of the Zhou Dynasty opposed the flashy parallel style and imitated the style of "Shang Shu" to write the "Da Gao", which he considered the standard style of articles. It was called "ancient prose" at that time, that is, articles were written in the pre-Qin prose language. Later, in the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, etc. advocated the restoration of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasty prose tradition of substantial content, free length, simplicity and smoothness, which was called ancient prose. Han Yu said after inscribing Ouyang Sheng's lament: "It is an ancient text. How can it be wrong to only pick out its sentences and read them differently than today? If you think about the ancients, you can't see them. To learn the ancient ways, you want to understand their words." "Shi Shuo" said: " Li Shizi Pan, "... was very good at ancient Chinese literature, and was familiar with all the classics and biographies of the six arts. He was not limited to the time, but learned from others." He formally put forward the name of ancient Chinese literature, and it was used by later generations. The outstanding literary writers of the Tang Dynasty, although they called for restoration, were full of innovative spirit. They not only stressed the importance of "Tao", but also paid great attention to the role of "literary", and advocated creation. They advocated that "only when it comes to ancient times, one must come up with his own words" and "literacy follows the rules of words, and everyone knows their job" (Han Yu's Epitaph of Nanyang Fan Shaosu) 》). The ancient prose they wrote is actually a new type of prose, which was refined from the spoken language at that time and became a new written language. It has its own personality and the reality of the times, and some are more difficult and obscure, but they are not mainstream. In the Ming Dynasty, He Jingming advocated that "literary literature should be compared with the Qin and Han Dynasties" and said: "The writings of the husband were exhausted in the Sui Dynasty, and Han Dynasty vigorously promoted them. However, the method of ancient prose died in Han Dynasty." ("On Poetry and Books with Li Kong"), it can be seen from this sentence Han Yu’s so-called ancient prose is different from that of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties. It is both inheritance and innovation.

For more information about ancient Chinese, please refer to lt;;Guwen Guanzhi>:/andy/guwen 6. What is classical Chinese?

Classical Chinese is relative to "vernacular Chinese".

The first "wen" means a written article. "Yan" means writing, expressing, recording, etc. "Classical Chinese" refers to written language. "Classical Chinese" is relative to "oral language", and "oral language" is also called "vernacular". The last "wen" means works, articles, etc., indicating the type of literature.

"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language". "Vernacular" means: "articles written in commonly used straightforward spoken language."

In ancient my country, there were differences between expressing the same thing in spoken language and written language. For example, if you wanted to ask someone if they had eaten, you would express it in spoken language, "Have you eaten?" ?", and expressed in book language, it is "Fan?" "Fanfou" is classical Chinese. In ancient my country, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese"

Classical Chinese is the treasure of Chinese culture, and the ancients left us a large number of classical Chinese. In China, the study of classical Chinese plays a large role in middle school Chinese courses.