Cricket knows the difficulty: time is not wasted.

This sentence is excellent, as can be seen from the passage of time and bug business. Although there are worries about the death of the year, it does not lose the joy of ploughing mulberry.

Crickets sing, bringing time back to 3,000 years ago;

In the late autumn of the eighth year of King Wu, when he came back from the prison, King Qi, Duke Zhou and Zhao Gong were all there. Enjoy the wine in Wen Tai's room. At this moment, a cricket jumped into the hall. Duke Zhou saw cricket by the fire, holding a glass and thinking. So be a great one-stop shop to say "cricket":

The above is based on the bamboo slips "Late at Night" in the Qing Dynasty, which describes the scene of the King of Wu returning from cutting and holding a "drinking ceremony" in the Confucian Temple, and the King of Wu drinking and paying tribute to others. Among them, Duke Zhou wrote a poem named Cricket at the top of the banquet, gently reminding "gentlemen" not to indulge in pleasure, but to be vigilant. This is the earliest record of the use of poetry in the pre-Qin period, and the poem "Cricket" seems to have delayed the creation time of "Cricket in the Tang Dynasty" to the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Is that so? On "Cricket" in The Book of Songs;

The cricket I saw today is a four-character poem with a very harmonious rhythm. The general idea is that cricket is in class, time and tide wait for no man, so cheer up. Such poems dilute the hardships and twists and turns of the world, so people will not be too lost even after reading them.

However, there have been differences on the interpretation of this poem. For example, The Preface to Poetry thinks that it is a poem that stings the wind and stings the public to be "frugal but not frugal". "Thrift" is a good virtue. Why stab it? Here, I blame Jin Junjian for his extravagance and want to entertain him. The explanation of Preface to Poetry seems puzzling at first glance, but in fact it is not outrageous. We see that so many people are living in poverty now, and others laugh at him, but he has actually saved a lot of money. Not to mention whether the viewpoint in the Preface to Poetry is the only correct one, but we can know that it may be based on this statement, because there are many poems quoted and recited by the nobles in the Zhou Dynasty. The object and meaning of the same poem are different in different times and occasions. Moreover, The Preface to Poetry traces the wind of "frugality" back to the Tao and Tang Dynasties.

Look at another explanation. In the twenty-seventh year of Xianggong in Zuo Zhuan, Zhao Meng, the ruling minister of Jin State, went to Song State to attend the "Conference on Waiting for Soldiers". When he returned to Jin State, he passed through Zheng State, where Zheng Bo was entertained and accompanied by seven doctors from Zheng State. According to the etiquette of the guests at that time, Zhao Meng asked seven doctors to write poems, "to examine the aspirations of the seven sons." The doctors wrote poems, and the printed part was "Cricket". Zhao Meng listened with admiration: "Well, this is the gentleman who protects his family. I hope so. " Note: You can guard against fear and don't panic, so you protect your family. ) In the Spring and Autumn Period, it is not bad for a doctor to protect his family and make it prosperous. Zhao Meng is also a very good person. He heard the voice of "protecting his family" from the poem and had high hopes for the Indian part.

After the banquet, Zhao Meng talked with Uncle Xiang, who said, "I'm afraid Bo You was the first to die, and the rest were doctors who could be handed down from generation to generation. The Indian section is probably the penultimate extinction, restrained by joy. Joy can calm people's hearts, so it's okay to die later. " Judging from this comment, the poem "Yan Zhi" in the Spring and Autumn Period is not as simple as chorus. Since he wants to send it, he can't hide anything. Behind the poem, there is a feeling of Zhuang Jing. And people who look at "ambition" (poetry is also called "ambition") say that if a person is going to die, it is not something to be reviled, but a kind way of communication. Worried about people's situation, now people can guard against fear, now they can encourage, why not? "Cricket" probably teaches people to be afraid!

Before "Spring and Autumn Annals" was full of "meaning", it was an era of active poetry, with the swaying of the king's demeanor, leisurely weathering, and an indelible impression on that era. Twenty-seven years of Xiang Gong was an eventful year. At this time, the state of Jin had the power to control the governors, and several small countries in the Central Plains kept running between Jin Chu. The haze of war makes doctors nervous day and night. Think about this year's "Bing Bing" incident. When Song launched the "Bing Bing" plan, Jin decisively agreed. In this process, Kim took the initiative to put on a peaceful posture, which is worthy of being a "responsible" and "responsible" big country. However, the result of "stopping troops" only moved the cone hidden in the pockets of various countries, and peace was not really realized. Although, it can't be said that this matter is meaningless, if there is, I think it is in the eyes of the ancients, and peace is still elusive, but today it has become a distant dream. The ancients said that harmony is the most important thing, and people do not do it without being embarrassed. Doing is a virtue; It is a sin not to do it. But when we really want to eliminate the military incident, some people will criticize him, which is nothing wrong. After all, nobody is stupid. It's just that those small countries have no choice but to survive in the ever-changing troubled times of the Spring and Autumn Period, and it's not easy to be a family. A country can't save the country, let alone the husband's family. As Zhao said, the Yin family will rise and fall with the rise and fall of the country.

These are two different poetic themes, namely "frugality" and "vigilance". A poem has several meanings, and it is inevitable to take it out of context. The problem is that in the eyes of a pure Confucian, although poetry is not accurate, it can always understand its most subtle meaning after reading more. Just a lot of times, the subtle meaning is abstracted, which is often unsatisfactory and cannot be accurately defined. Poetry has multiple meanings, naturally it has its advantages, it can express rich emotions, and it is straightforward and easy; But it is also easy to ignore his meaningful taste. For this reason, it is a difficult and persistent effort to understand the original meaning of poetry. So we say, where is the spirit of crickets? Is there any way to get to know him? No matter how hard you try, it is not easy to find it, but there is still a "yellow grave" that we need to go down and have a look.

There are pre-Qin documents about poetry in Shang Bo bamboo slips, and there is a bamboo slip that mentions crickets and says, "Confucius said: crickets are difficult to understand."

The word "difficulty" in Understanding the Difficulties in Cricket is worth a thousand dollars, which finally reveals the meaning of cricket. "Difficult", when I first started thinking, I couldn't help reading it as "difficult", so I followed the existing point of view and regarded "knowing difficulties" as the difficulty of understanding the world. But after chewing the original poem repeatedly, I feel that it is not appropriate to understand it as "difficulty", and "difficulty" should have a more abstract meaning. The poem says "no great health" and "no lack of happiness", both of which seem to be saying the same word "ceremony". Entertainment is ok, but don't overdo it. It's probably a courtesy to think about internal and external things and worry about them while having fun.

Later, when I met another material, I suddenly realized. At that moment, I seemed to understand what it meant to be "happy and forget your worries". In the 29th year of Xianggong, Wu Gong Ji Zha visited Lu, and musicians sang tang style for him. Hearing this, Ji Zha sighed, "What a profound thought! Does it have the style of Tang Tao believers? Otherwise, why are there such far-reaching worries? " Wu's son is also a scholar. He came to Shandong for sightseeing, appreciation of poetry and songs, and appreciation of the strong wind in Shandong. It also shows that when the poetic style of the Central Plains gradually declined, Wu needed this kind of cultural support to enter and leave the Central Plains. Rites and music, without it, will not make people and things at a loss, but without it, there will be no dignity of people and countries. If there is no skin, how can the hair be attached?

Ji Zha praised the State of Jin, saying that the State of Jin has the wind of Tang Tao adherents, but what is the wind of Tang Tao adherents? History books say that Tang Yao is "rich but not arrogant, expensive but not comfortable", which is also called. Therefore, people who watch music can't help admiring it as soon as they hear that it has a long history. But this kind of praise is actually like constantly praising your ancestors, but keeping silent to the people in front of you, which can be seen from the implicit whisper.

However, it is necessary to reconsider "frugality" because of "the wind of Tang Tao's adherents". Generally speaking, "thrift" is relative to "luxury". Thrift is a virtue that everyone can cultivate. However, considering the unique social features in the pre-Qin period, it is not believed that "virtue" can be owned by everyone. How can ordinary people have "thrifty" capital? For the lower class people with very few resources, it is naive and ridiculous to talk about "frugality". If a meat eater haggles like me, he will lose his law. A gentleman who can be "frugal" will certainly be praised, otherwise he will be criticized.

Therefore, the Book of Changes says that "a gentleman avoids it by frugality", which can be used as a footnote to the poem Cricket. The so-called "refuge", if used in today's sense (disaster avoidance), is definitely meaningless and even makes jokes. It should mean avoiding criticism and difficulties. "Shangshu Wuyi" said: "People will be heartbroken, or they will curse." People say "no" because their superiors are not thrifty, so "quitting despite difficulties" in cricket means knowing why it is "difficult" and then avoiding it politely and frugally.

Now that I have performed here, my heart will soon calm down, and now I will return to the poem I have never seen at the beginning of the text. Compared with the current edition of Cricket, there is not much substantive difference, but the sentences are somewhat different and the length is different. Because it is an unearthed document, it gives people the illusion that cricket was written by Duke Zhou. From the original text, there is the word "Left", but in the pre-Qin period, according to my personal feeling, "Left" means "Xing" and "Fa Zhen", and it also means encouraging inanimate objects to have life. Therefore, Duke Zhou never wrote this poem, but recited it in combination with the banquet scene to inspire the gentleman.

According to the results of the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Dating Project, the eight-year logging of Wu Wang recorded in the original text took place at a sensitive time and place. Because in the eighth year of King Wu, that is, before 1049, it was only three years before logging was successful, and Mao Di was the land of Ji Wang in Shang Dynasty. What happened in three years? Perhaps history has already exceeded our imagination, leaving only distant ideas.