Children's eloquence jokes with pinyin Chinese characters

Category: entertainment and leisure >> Humorous.

Problem description:

Accurate, concise, make jokes interesting and have answers to puzzles.

Analysis:

Xiehouyu:

Fried tofu with pickles-put some lime (salt) on your mouth before you speak-don't say anything (brush)

Hardcover Maotai-taking photos of Pig Bajie for a long time-asking for embarrassment (see)

Holding a child-Shu (combing his heart), his father-Lao Su (Su)

The land god washed his face-humiliated (wet) face-the land god fell into the well-hard work (fish)

The earth god wears plain clothes-running in vain (robe), the sun shines on rainy days-false feelings (sunny)

Don't wear a hat in rainy days-hang a thermos bottle on the plane in rainy days-high liquid level (bottle)

Blow the trumpet on the mountain-the name (sound) resounds all over the country, and drum in the ravine-recall (sound)

The kitchen god in the door god-there is something in the words (there is something in the picture) (there is something in the picture) clap your hands on the horse-too far from the point (hoof)

Turn over a small stove-unlucky (coal) to eat a small bowl-relying on the sky (supplement)

Knowledge about Chinese characters

A piece of history

Chinese characters in Oracle Bone Inscriptions are one of the three oldest Chinese character systems in the world. Among them, the sacred script of ancient Egypt and the cuneiform script of Sumerians in the two river basins have been lost, and only China's Chinese characters are still in use today.

According to legend, Chinese characters originated from the creation of characters in Cangjie. Cang Xie, a historian of the Yellow Emperor, created Chinese characters according to the shapes of the sun and the moon and the footprints of birds and animals. When he created characters, the world was shocked-"When it rains, ghosts cry at night". From a historical point of view, the complicated Chinese character system can't be invented by one person. More likely, Cang Xie has made outstanding contributions to the collection, arrangement and unification of Chinese characters. Therefore, Xunzi Jiemu records that "there are many good books, but one is Cang Xie's solo biography".

Some people think that the Eight Diagrams in Zhouyi have a great influence on the formation of Chinese characters, but there are few supporters.

2. Original script

Before the invention of writing, oral knowledge had obvious shortcomings in dissemination and accumulation. Primitive people used knotting, carving and drawing to assist in taking notes, and later simplified and replaced pictures with characteristic graphics. When the graphic symbols are simplified to a certain extent and form a specific corresponding relationship with the language, the original text is formed.

1994, a large number of pottery were unearthed at the Daxi cultural site in Yangjiawan, Hubei Province. Among the symbols of 170, some features are quite similar to those of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. This discovery infers the formation process of the original Chinese characters to 6000 years ago. In addition, pictographic symbols on pottery unearthed in Dawenkou, Shandong Province, geometric symbols on painted pottery in Banpo, Xi, etc. , may be in the process of forming the original text (or before) at different stages of performance.

However, after the Shang Dynasty, are Chinese characters and these geometric symbols in the same strain? This issue is still controversial. Many scholars have suggested that these symbols are not necessarily the precursors of Chinese characters, or even the writing symbols.

From hieroglyphics to ideographs

Stone Carving on Mount Tai is said to have been written by Li Si. From Oracle Bone Inscriptions to Xiao Zhuan, Chinese characters have experienced the development process from pictograph to ideograph, and the glyphs have gradually separated from the concrete images of things. Chinese characters in this period are called ancient Chinese characters.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang and Zhou Dynasties was a relatively complete writing system. Among the more than 4,500 Oracle characters found, nearly 2,000 can be recognized at present. At the same time when Oracle Bone Inscriptions appeared, the words cast on bronze ware were called inscriptions on bronze or Zhong Dingwen. Pan and Mao in the Western Zhou Dynasty have high historical and artistic value.

After Qin Shihuang unified China, Lisi standardized and sorted out the big seal script and the ancient prose of six countries, formulated the small seal script as the standard writing font of the Qin Dynasty, and unified the characters of China. The seal script is rectangular, and the strokes are round and smooth.

Small seal script solved the problem of a large number of variant characters between languages of various countries, and the history of "the same book" began. The unification of written language has effectively promoted the spread of inter-ethnic culture and played an important role in the identification of the Chinese nation and the unification of China, which is rare in the history of written language in the world.

The development of Chinese characters has undergone many different evolutions. In the early Chinese character system, the number of words was insufficient, and a large number of things were represented by interchangeable words, which made the expression of words vague. In order to improve the clarity of expression, Chinese characters have gone through a stage of gradual complexity and a large number of words. However, there are so many things that it is impossible to express them in one Chinese character. The excessive increase in the number of Chinese characters has made it difficult to learn Chinese characters themselves, and Chinese has gradually evolved from a single word to a word.

Four word-making and composition

After Qin Shihuang unified Chinese characters, the number of Chinese characters also increased, and many new words appeared constantly:

Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty was originally a vassal, but because the word "Sui" meant instability, the word "Sui" was removed and created as the national title.

In the Tang Dynasty, Wu Zetian created the word "Qi" (the same as "Zhao") as her name according to the meaning of "the sun and the moon are in the sky".

In the Five Dynasties, the word "Chen" was created in its name, taking the meaning of "flying dragon in the sky".

In modern times, due to the influx of western knowledge, many words have also been created. For example, when beer was introduced into China, how to express it in Chinese characters was a problem. At first, it was translated into skin wine, but later it was inappropriate. About 19 10, the word "beer" was created-translated as "beer". In order to express English units, some disyllabic words have been created, such as Li (nautical mile), Kui (gallon), Kui (kilowatt) and Chi (ruler). However, these disyllabic words have been eliminated in the Notice on the Unified Use of Chinese Characters in the Names of Some Units of Measurement issued by the China Character Reform Commission and the National Bureau of Standards and Metrology on June 20th 1977, and are no longer used in Chinese mainland, but they can still be seen in Taiwan Province Province and other places.

At present, due to the informationization and standardization of Chinese characters, Chinese characters no longer add new words at will. The only exceptions are various elements in the periodic table, such as helium, chlorine, radon, germanium, chromium and uranium. This word-making method is still used to name new elements. Word-formation rules of chemical elements can be found in Elements.

Liu Shu analyzed the composition of Chinese characters. Zhou Li mentioned Liu Shu, but did not specify the specific content. In Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Xu Shen in the Eastern Han Dynasty elaborated in detail the rules of Chinese character construction of Liushu: pictographic, referential, comprehending, pictophonetic, transliteration and borrowing. Among them, pictographic characters, fingering, knowing characters and pictophonetic characters are the principles of word formation, which is the "word formation method"; Annotation and borrowing are the rules of using words, and they are "methods of using words". However, it should be noted that the "six books" are the sorting and classification of Chinese characters, not the rules of word formation.

The formation of modern Chinese characters

The strokes of Xiao Zhuan are mainly curved, and then gradually become more linear and easier to write. In the Han Dynasty, official script replaced Xiao Zhuan as the main script. The appearance of official script laid the foundation of modern Chinese character glyph structure and became the watershed of ancient and modern characters.

After the Han Dynasty, the writing style of Chinese characters gradually changed from wooden slips and bamboo slips to writing on silk paper with a brush. The rapid appearance of cursive script, regular script and running script not only meets the official documents and daily needs, but also forms a calligraphy art with strong oriental characteristics. After the invention of ancient printing, a new font, Song Ti, appeared, which was used for printing. In modern times, fonts such as bold and imitation Song appeared one after another.

Chinese knowledge of Chinese characters

Eight methods of "forever" [Edit]

Forms of Chinese characters

Chinese characters are square characters, and each character occupies the same space. Chinese characters can be divided into two parts, namely, knowing words and compound words, and knowing words can't be separated, such as "Wen" and "Zhong". Combined Chinese characters are composed of basic components, accounting for more than 90% of Chinese characters. Common combinations of compound words are: upper and lower structures, such as "pen" and "dust"; Left and right structures, such as "engage" and "Liu"; Semi-closed structure, such as "similarity" and "inclination"; Fully enclosed structure, such as "group"; Composite structure, such as "win" and "point". The basic components of Chinese characters include single words, radicals and other non-word-forming components.

The smallest constituent unit of Chinese characters is strokes.

When writing Chinese characters, the direction and order of strokes, that is, the order of strokes, are relatively fixed. The basic rules are: first horizontal and then vertical, first left and then down, from top to bottom, from left to right, first outside and then inside, then sealed, first in the middle and then on both sides. The stroke order of Chinese characters with different writing styles may be different.

Seven pronunciations

Chinese characters are a common writing system in many dialects, and each character represents a syllable. Now, Mandarin is used as the standard pronunciation in China. The syllables of Putonghua are determined by one initial, one vowel and tone, and there are more than 65,438+0,300 syllables actually used. Because of the huge number of Chinese characters, there are obvious homophones; At the same time, it also exists in the case that the same Chinese character has multiple pronunciations, which is called polyphonic characters. This situation is different in different dialects, but it is common in Chinese.

Although Chinese characters are mainly ideographic, they are not without phonetic components. The most common are names and places, followed by transliteration of foreign words, such as sofa. In addition, there are some original words, such as "fire fighting" and "death". But even so, there are still some ideographic elements, especially the place names in China. Even foreign names and place names have some low ideographic restrictions, such as "Bush" can never be transliterated as "immortal".

Because Chinese characters don't seem to have changed much from the Han Dynasty to the 20th century, they didn't directly show the changes of Chinese pronunciation. Special research is needed to infer their pronunciations in ancient Chinese and middle Chinese.

Some scholars believe that before the Han Dynasty, a Chinese character could represent two syllables, a small syllable and a large syllable. See ancient Chinese for details.

The pronunciation of Chinese characters in Japanese can be divided into "phonetic reading" and "training reading", and there are often many ways to pronounce a word.

In Korean, it is roughly a word and a sound, without training.

Influenced by Japan, other countries that use Chinese characters later used some disyllabic characters, such as Li (nautical mile), Kui (gallon) and Kui (kilowatt). However, due to the official abolition, it is basically not used in Chinese mainland, but it is still used occasionally in Taiwan Province Province, and most people understand its meaning.

Eight notes

The earliest phonetic notation methods are reading if and direct notation. The reading method is to use words with similar pronunciations as phonetic notation, which is what Xu Shen used to explain Chinese characters, such as "shooting, shooting and reading accurately". Direct notation is to use another Chinese character to express the pronunciation of this Chinese character. For example, a woman speaks for herself, and the speaker says "Yue" is used for phonetic notation.

Both of the above methods have inherent defects. Some words have no homophones or homophones are so uncommon that it is difficult to play the role of phonetic notation, such as "socks".

The anti-tangent method was developed in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and it is said that it was influenced by Sanskrit, which used pinyin characters. The pronunciation of Chinese characters can be marked by backcutting, that is, the initial consonant of the first word and the vowel and tone of the second word are combined to make phonetic notation, so that all Chinese characters can be combined. For example, the pronunciation of "Lian" is the combination of the initial of "Lang" and the vowel and tone of "Dian".

Since modern times, Chinese phonetic symbols (commonly known as ㄅㄆㄇㄈ) and phonetic notation methods of many Latin letters have been developed. In Taiwan Province Province, phonetic symbols are still a part of teaching, but at present, Chinese Pinyin is the most widely used in China.

Because Chinese characters are mainly ideographic, the phonetic notation is weak. This feature makes the literature of the last 1000 years, like the western world that uses pinyin, have no big difference in wording, but it also makes it difficult for people to infer the ancient phonology. For example, the pronunciation of "Pang" comes from "Dragon", but today the former is pronounced as "Pang" and the latter as "Dragon" in Beijing dialect. How to explain this difference is a subject of phonology.

Nine Chinese characters and words

Chinese characters are the smallest unit of Chinese form, similar to English "letters". However, unlike letters, Chinese characters also have ideographic elements, so they are similar to words in English phrases. Therefore, Chinese characters are a component between "letters" and "words" in English, and they can also be obtained quantitatively.

Words are the smallest ideographic unit in Chinese, similar to English words and phrases. Most Chinese characters can be independently formed into words, such as "I", which is similar to words composed of single letters in English, such as "I". Most words consist of more than two Chinese characters. However, unlike the relationship between "words" and "letters" in English, the meaning of words is often related to the meaning of each Chinese character when it is independently formed, thus simplifying memory to a considerable extent.

The high efficiency of Chinese characters is reflected in thousands of commonly used words, and hundreds of thousands of words can be easily combined. However, on the other hand, it has become a burden to accurately grasp the collocation forms and usage of these hundreds of thousands of words. There are about tens of thousands of commonly used words in Chinese, with a total vocabulary of about one million. Although it seems daunting in quantity (only 4000 words in CET-4), due to the ideographic nature of most Chinese word formation, it is not out of reach to master it basically. Therefore, as far as vocabulary is concerned, its learning difficulty is not high; In contrast, mastering the same number of foreign words has a much greater memory intensity.

The high efficiency of this word formation ensures the stability of the Chinese character system, that is, under the condition that the basic Chinese characters are basically unchanged, the vocabulary increases and the language develops.

The number of ten Chinese characters

There is no exact number of Chinese characters, and there are probably thousands of Chinese characters used in daily life. According to statistics, 1000 commonly used words can cover about 92% of written materials, and 2000 words can cover more than 98%. Simplified statistics are not much different from traditional statistics.

There are more than 80,000 Chinese characters in history (there are also more than 60,000 sayings), most of which are variant characters and rare words. The vast majority of variant characters and uncommon words have naturally disappeared or been standardized, and generally only occasionally appear in names and places other than ancient Chinese. In addition, after the first batch of simplified characters, there are a number of "two simplified characters", which have been abolished, but a few numbers are still popular in society.

Xu Shen counted the number of Chinese characters for the first time in Shuo Wen Jie Zi in Han Dynasty, with a total of 9,353 characters. Later, the jade tablets written by Gu in the Southern Dynasties recorded the words 169 17. On this basis, the jade tablets of Daguangyihui were revised, which is said to have 22,726 words. After that, Lei Pian, which was officially edited by the Song Dynasty, received 3 13 19 words. Another book, Ji Yun, compiled by the Song Dynasty authorities, received 53,525 words, which was once the book with the largest number of words.

In addition, some dictionaries have more words, such as Kangxi Dictionary in Qing Dynasty, with 47,035 words. There are 48,902 words in the Japanese dictionary of dahanhe, with 1062 words in the appendix. The Chinese Dictionary in Taiwan Province Province has 49,905 words; The Chinese Dictionary has 54,678 words. In the 20th century, the ocean of Chinese characters has the largest number of published words, with 85,000 words.

In the computer coding standard for Chinese characters, GB23 12 contains 6763 simplified characters, GBK contains 209 12 simplified characters, traditional characters and Japanese and Korean characters, Big5 contains 13053 traditional characters, and the Unicode unified Chinese character set contains 20902 Chinese characters with two extended areas, totaling 70,000 characters.

The influence of Chinese characters

Impact on other roles

The writing system of Chinese characters is also one of the most important source characters in the world. Under the influence of Chinese characters, it also produced:

Qidanwen

Jurchen language

Xixiawen

Gu Zhuangzi

Ancient white characters (square white characters)

Ancient Buyi characters (square Buyi characters)

Word nan

But they all died out for various reasons, and now few people can recognize Chinese female books. Japanese pseudonyms (Japanese names) and Korean proverbs (Korean proverbs) are also greatly influenced by Chinese characters in their creation.

In addition, Mongolian, Manchu, Xibe and so on. Also influenced by Chinese writing methods and writing tools, the writing method from right to left was changed to top-down writing, and the structure of Chinese characters also changed.

12. regions and countries that use or have used Chinese characters but are not Chinese.

Because Chinese characters are not closely related to pronunciation, they are easily borrowed by other nationalities, such as Japan, North Korea and Vietnam. This feature of Chinese characters plays an important role in maintaining a unified Han nationality, which is full of various dialect groups but unable to communicate with each other.

Chinese characters have had a great influence on the cultures of neighboring countries, forming a cultural circle of Chinese characters. In Japan and the Korean peninsula, Chinese characters are merged into their language characters "Chinese characters (かんじ)" and "Chinese characters ()". Until now, Chinese characters are still regarded as a part of its writing system in Japanese. In North Korea, Chinese characters are no longer used at all; In Korea, the use of Chinese characters may decrease. However, due to the use of a large number of Chinese characters in Korean, the phenomenon of stress is serious, so Chinese characters will still be used when strict expression is needed. Most people and companies also use Chinese characters for their names.

In the 3rd century, Chinese characters were introduced into Japan through the Korean Peninsula. Now, the use of Chinese characters has been restricted in Japan. After World War II, some Chinese characters have been simplified, and a list of commonly used Chinese characters and names has been promulgated, but Chinese characters are still used. Some Chinese characters have also been created and simplified, such as "several" (crossroads), "several", "several" (mountain road) and "one". See: Japanese characters.

Korean peninsula

Around the 3rd century AD, Chinese characters were introduced into the Korean peninsula, and Korean was once written entirely in Chinese characters. 1444, King Sejong of Korea promulgated "The Meaning of Training the People" and invented the usage of proverbs and Chinese characters together. Chinese characters are still used in the Republic of Korea, and people can write according to their personal habits, but now fewer and fewer Koreans can write beautiful Chinese characters. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea abolished Chinese characters and only kept a dozen. See also: Korean characters.

Viet Nam

Chinese characters were introduced to Vietnam in the 1 century, and Vietnamese people used Chinese characters as their writing language, and created text tweets on the basis of Chinese characters. However, due to the inconvenience of writing, Chinese characters are still the main writing method. 1945, after the founding of Vietnam, Chinese characters were abolished and pinyin characters called "Mandarin characters" were used. Now there are no traces of Chinese characters in Vietnamese. See: Zinan and Ziru for details.

The influence of thirteen on folk customs

Many folk customs in China are related to Chinese characters, such as:

Shooting Tiger: Solving riddles on lanterns, also known as lighted tigers, is closely related to Chinese characters. In the old days, fighting tigers can be roughly divided into two categories: one is that scholars fight tigers, and the riddles are complex and diverse, and the answers are mostly the original sentences in the Four Books and Five Classics; One is street lantern riddles, which are very popular. Tiger hunting is an important activity in the Lantern Festival.

Combination words: People in China often combine some auspicious phrases into one word to pray for good luck. The common combination words are "lucky money into treasure" and "double happiness".

The homonym of the combined Chinese character "Learning Confucius and Mencius": China people like to use the homonym of Chinese characters to express good luck. For example, bat homophonic means happiness, and beast homophonic means longevity.

Jiujiu Xiehan Map: It is a folk custom in northern China. Every year, nine characters of "weeping willows in front of the court, cherishing the spring breeze" are written. These nine words are nine strokes each. From the solstice of winter, we will fill in colors one by one according to the weather every day, and complete a map of "99-99" to relieve the cold by the end of the nine-year period.

Flower-and-bird characters: Some folk artists spell Chinese characters with some flower-and-bird patterns. At close range, the details are some flower-and-bird paintings, and at a distance, it is a word. This art form of combining calligraphy and painting is called flower-and-bird character, which is a colorful combination of flower-and-bird-insect-fish calligraphy. In China, it can only be seen in temple fairs and some festivals during the Spring Festival. Flower and bird figures have also become street art in western countries such as Britain and the United States. Most of the early flower-and-bird calligraphy and painting were written with auspicious words to pray for good luck. Now the bird calligraphy and painting seen at the temple fair mainly writes the customer's name, and the buyer's purpose has gradually changed from praying for good luck to seeking novelty.

Fourteen influences on art

Liang Qichao's calligraphy works have a unique and beautiful Chinese character structure, and the main writing tool, the brush, has a variety of expressive force, thus producing a unique plastic art in China, calligraphy. Seal cutting is an art related to calligraphy. It uses a knife to carve seal characters on stones as seals.

The Latinization of Fifteen Chinese Characters

In the past 400 years, Westerners and China people themselves have put forward many Latin schemes for Chinese characters, mainly including:

Vitoma Pinyin (1867)

Postal Pinyin (1906)

Chinese Roman characters (1928)

New Latin Characters in Northern Dialect (193 1 year)

Chinese Pinyin Scheme (1958)

Cantonese Pinyin (1993)

Universal Pinyin (1998)

At present, the scheme of Chinese Pinyin is the most widely used and accepted scheme of Latin Chinese characters in the United Nations.

Sixteen-character simplification

In modern times, western civilization in a strong position began to enter East Asia, and countries in the whole Chinese character cultural circle set off a trend of learning from the West. Some people insist on the tradition of Chinese characters, but many people advocate giving up the use of Chinese characters. These arguments for abandoning the Chinese character movement are: compared with western pinyin, Chinese characters are bulky and clumsy, because Chinese characters cannot be written on typewriters, and they must use the type of huge typesetting room. In this regard, many countries that use Chinese characters have simplified Chinese characters to varying degrees, and even tried to completely pinyin them. The Latin transliteration scheme of Japanese pseudonyms and the emergence of various pinyin schemes in Chinese are all based on this idea.

Japanese: After World War II, Japan also intends to give up Chinese characters completely. However, because Japanese pseudonyms can only express sounds, it is inconvenient to abolish Chinese characters, and finally Chinese characters are preserved. However, the list of Chinese characters to be used (1850 characters) was published, which restricted the use of Chinese characters in publications, but caused a lot of inconvenience in expression, so it was later published in 198 1 year.

Vietnamese: Due to the pressure of French colonialists, Vietnam abandoned Chinese characters to a great extent at the end of 19 and turned to Latin Vietnamese. After World War II, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (later renamed the Socialist Republic of Vietnam) formally abandoned the use of Chinese characters in order to popularize education.

Korean: 1444, North Korea promulgated and implemented "Training People Andrew", which uses Chinese characters to stroke pinyin letters, that is, proverbs. Because the letters of proverbs can be put together in printing, it is easy to be regarded as a word (although this will also produce great stress), so the Democratic People's Republic of Korea completely gave up Chinese characters in 1948; The Republic of Korea announced that it would stop teaching Chinese characters in schools from 1970. Since 1976, fewer and fewer people use Chinese characters. However, in recent years, there have been calls to restore Chinese characters.

The following is the process of simplifying Chinese characters in various regions:

People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC) (mainland China)-1956 65438+1October 28th, Simplified Glossary was revised and published in 1986, and has been used in Chinese mainland and Singapore since then. 1977, the second batch of simplified characters (draft) was published. After a period of trial (about eight years), it was officially abolished in 1986 because the font was too simple and confusing.

Singapore-I tried to launch my own simplified Chinese character list in the past. 1May, 976, the revised version of Summary of Simplified Characters was promulgated, which adopted simplified characters completely consistent with the summary of simplified characters in People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC).

The summary of simplified Chinese characters was published at-198 1, which is completely consistent with the summary of simplified Chinese characters in China.

Thai end-1983 agreed that all Chinese schools can teach simplified characters, which can be used in practical teaching.

Some simplified characters have long been popular among Japanese. 1946, the Japanese cabinet published a list of Chinese characters to be used, with a total of 1850 Chinese characters, of which 13 1 is a simplified character, 53 of which are the same as those in China, and 9 are almost the same.

Korea- 1983 Chosun ilbo published the first batch of 90 simplified Chinese characters, which were used in Chosun ilbo. There are 29 identical simplified Chinese characters and 4 almost identical Chinese characters.

The Republic of China (Taiwan Province Province)-Taiwan Province Province is not similar to the above areas, and the process of replacing synonymous traditional Chinese characters with simplified characters is standardized and systematized by the government.

This situation has also led to the use of two standardized Chinese characters in Chinese-speaking areas, namely traditional Chinese characters and simplified Chinese characters. At present, simplified Chinese characters are widely used in Chinese mainland and Singapore, while traditional Chinese characters are widely used in Hong Kong and Macao. There is no official unification and standardization. Taiwan Province Province is the main area where traditional Chinese characters are used. The education authorities have issued some norms on the use of Chinese characters, which are slightly different from those in Hong Kong and Macao. Scholars and the general public have different views on the influence of using simplified or traditional Chinese characters on language learning and application.

In 1950s, in order to popularize education, People's Republic of China (PRC) put forward simplified characters:

Sometimes the strokes are simple and simplified (such as leaves, leaves; Wanhewan);

Sometimes several traditional Chinese characters are simplified into one simplified Chinese character; (for example: after and after; A few and a few)

Sometimes, ancient Chinese characters are given new meanings, using simplified characters (for example, abundant, abundant; Wax and wax).

The simplification of Chinese characters is mainly based on the principle of "words don't convey the meaning", that is, the long-standing common characters or variant characters with simple strokes are mainly used without creating new characters. There are several new words, such as dust.

However, since the implementation of Chinese character reform, simplifying Chinese characters has been controversial.

Seventeen variants

Besides word formation, there are many variations. They are words with exactly the same meaning and pronunciation, but they are written in different ways. Some of them were created by celebrities for historical reasons, such as harmony, Hu, Qiu, Hu and Hu.

Chinese mainland published the list of variant forms in 1956, which abolished a large number of variant forms, but later restored some variant forms for various reasons. For example, "Yu" was abolished as a variant of "Yu", but it was restored as a standard word in the Modern Chinese General Character List published by 1988. In addition, different regions have different choices of variant characters. For example, South Korea takes the earliest style of Chinese variant characters as the standard writing. Therefore, in the specification of Korean characters, the word "sweet" should be replaced by "Yan", "stick" should be replaced by "Yan" and "painting" should be replaced by "painting".

Octagonal

There are many differences between Chinese characters in different places because the glyphs used in different places are not uniform, while Chinese mainland uses "new glyphs", so there are many differences. For example, "blade" and "angle" are spelled differently in different places. Another example is the word "mouth". Taiwan Province Province stipulates that the last horizontal line should be written a little more than the upper horizontal line, but it is not well written elsewhere (pay attention to the word "mouth" on the right).

Computer processing of nineteen Chinese characters

Please refer to Chinese information processing for details. Because the keyboard design of typewriter does not consider the input of Chinese characters, the input of Chinese characters is often more difficult than pinyin. Chinese characters have not been popularized by Chinese typewriters, but have directly entered the stage of computer Chinese information processing. In the early days of computer invention, the question of whether Chinese characters can adapt to the computer age arose, and scholars who supported the Latinization of Chinese characters even took this as a reason.

With the emergence of various Chinese input methods, the computer input, storage and output technologies of Chinese characters have been basically solved, greatly improving the efficiency of Chinese writing, publishing and information retrieval. At present, there are thousands of Chinese input methods, mainly pinyin input and table input, and some of them are both. Chinese pinyin input, handwriting recognition and optical character recognition (OCR) technology have also been widely used.

Such as (Chinese mainland), Big5, CNS 1 1643 (Taiwan Province Province), HKSCS (Hong Kong), JIS (Japan), GBK (Chinese mainland), international standards Unicode, ISO 10646 and so on, which contain thousands of words. In this process, due to technical and other factors, the number of words included and the fonts included may be adjusted to varying degrees. For example, the Planning Committee, a non-governmental organization in Taiwan Province Province, adopted some Japanese characters with simplified fonts in the name of "unified variant" in order to facilitate computer processing of Chinese characters, such as Wei->; "Wei"

China * * * In order to meet the urgent need for the use of Chinese characters in postal service, household registration and other fields, in 2000, a new national standard for Chinese character coding, Chinese character coding character set-basic set extension GB 18030-2000, was implemented, with a total of 27,484 Chinese characters. And all computer products sold in China must support this new national standard.

Twenty Chinese character coding system

In order to exchange information, various regions where Chinese characters are used have formulated a series of Chinese character set standards.

Chinese mainland adopts the national standard code ("GB" is the abbreviation of People's Republic of China (PRC) (China) national standard). GB23 12 contains 6763 Chinese characters, GBK contains 209 12 Chinese characters, and the latest GB 18030 contains 27533 Chinese characters.

BIG5。 Including 13053 Chinese characters. Single-byte or double-byte codes used in Taiwan Province Province and Hongkong.

Unicode is not well accepted in China. China * * * requires that the software sold in Chinese mainland must support GB 18030 coding.

In the field of international communication and software design, CJK codes collect Chinese, Japanese and Korean characters.

The future of twenty-one Chinese characters

Now simplified Chinese characters are mainly used in Chinese communities in Chinese mainland, Singapore and Southeast Asia. Traditional Chinese characters are very popular in Chinese communities in Taiwan Province Province, Hongkong, Macau and the United States.

Some people think that traditional Chinese characters are more difficult to learn to write, so the use of traditional Chinese characters will be less and less. On the other hand, many cultural conservatives think that simplified Chinese is "impure" and "inferior". However, with the increasing political and economic influence of Chinese mainland, the influence of simplified Chinese is also growing, and the use of traditional Chinese seems unlikely to return to its previous dominant position. On the cultural level, traditional Chinese characters will not disappear completely unless Chinese mainland wants to separate from Taiwan Province Province and ancient China culture.

However, whether in Chinese mainland or elsewhere, traditional Chinese characters are usually used in calligraphy. Many people think that some traditional Chinese characters are better than simplified Chinese characters.

In fact, the deepening economic ties between mainland China, Taiwan Province Province, Hongkong and Macau have forced people to cross the barriers of the two writing systems. Nowadays, there are more and more simplified characters in daily use in Hong Kong, and some schools have changed their textbooks into simplified characters. Some mainlanders try to write traditional Chinese characters to improve the efficiency of communication with people from Hong Kong and Taiwan. As the carrier of culture, the future development of Chinese characters may be unpredictable by anyone.