Promoting Putonghua is an emotional bond and a bridge of communication.

Emotional bond, bridge of communication

-Talking about Mandarin

A sweet smile, a knowing look and a gesture in place, although it has the effect of "but I feel the harmonious heartbeat of the sacred unicorn", is not worth a kind greeting and a beautiful blessing. Using voice language can shorten the distance between heart and heart in an instant. As the saying goes: "Words are the key to happiness!" Heart-to-heart conversation, warm language, hotline transmission, mutual understanding and understanding not only tighten the hearts of friends from all corners of the country, but also let us wander freely in the vast ocean of language. At this moment, I can't help cheering loudly for our common language-"Mandarin"! Mandarin is the language of our country and nation. Now Mandarin, like our motherland, occupies an increasingly prominent position in the world-it has become one of the six working languages of the United Nations, and it is also a popular language for compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao and foreigners to learn. Putonghua, at this time, its significance is not only the need of communication, but also represents the prosperity of the Chinese nation! This makes us proud! This makes us proud!

First, the origin of "Putonghua"

Since ancient times, there have been dialects and homophones in Chinese. According to historical records, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius said that * * * was the same as Yayan. According to the present geographical position, Confucius' birthplace is Shandong. Confucius had more than 3,000 apprentices from all over the world. There were dialects in ancient times, and students everywhere spoke their own dialects. How can Confucius make students from all over the world understand his lectures? Because there was a homonym called elegance at that time, Confucius used elegance in his lectures, so there was no obstacle to communication.

According to historical records, in the Han Dynasty, * * * homophones developed further. Homophones were called lingua franca at that time. It is an ancient situation that people who speak different dialects in different places can communicate in a common language. With the great development of society in Ming and Qing Dynasties, dialects still existed in Ming and Qing Dynasties. If there is a dialect, there must be a homonym. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was the same language to call * * * Mandarin.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Mandarin was further developed. By the end of 19, that is, the end of the Qing Dynasty, the situation in China had undergone great changes, influenced by western academic thoughts, especially the Japanese. Before and after the Meiji Restoration, Japan vigorously promoted Japanese homophony, and the Japanese called Japanese national homophony Mandarin. The word Mandarin was originally the name of a book in ancient China, and the Japanese regarded Mandarin as a national homophonic name. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, influenced by Japanese language life, the word Mandarin also spread from Japan to China. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, our homonym was called Mandarin. In the late Qing Dynasty, a word "Mandarin" came from Japan. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, great changes have taken place in China's cultural life, and the word Mandarin has spread.

After the Revolution of 1911, in order to develop China's economy and culture, some language reformers suggested learning from the Japanese and popularizing Putonghua in China. The word Mandarin was recognized by the government at that time in the Republic of China and became the official title of national homophones.

Since ancient times, there have been several versions of the same language of the Han nationality, including elegant language, common language, official language and national language of the Republic of China. The names are different, but the contents are basically the same. 1949, People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, and China embarked on a brand-new stage. In order to develop the culture and education of new China, we should also popularize national languages and overcome the obstacles caused by dialect differences. In the 1950s, we wanted to promote national languages. There are several different names in history. What should we call them?

In the 1950s, when People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, considering that we were a unified multi-ethnic country, the spoken and written languages of all ethnic groups were equal, while the national language in the Republic of China was actually a homonym of the Han nationality, not that of other ethnic minorities. In order to highlight that we are a big multi-ethnic family and to highlight the equality of languages of all ethnic groups, we decided not to use the name Putonghua after in-depth research in the 1950s. If it is called Putonghua, I am afraid it will be misunderstood as putting Chinese people above other ethnic groups in China. If it's not Mandarin, what is it called?

After research, I finally decided to call it Mandarin. The word Putonghua was not invented in 1950s, but was put forward in the literature at the end of 19. /kloc-By the end of 0/9 to the Republic of China, the Mandarin spoken at that time was not exactly the same as that popularized by the people's government in the 1950s. The word Putonghua originally meant that people who speak different dialects can generally understand such a thing, especially in a metropolis where five dialects are mixed. If people from different dialects can communicate casually, it is called Mandarin.

We take this concept and add scientific connotation to it to make its content more scientific and clear. This is what we call "Putonghua" since the founding of the People's Government.

Second, the definition of "Putonghua"

The decades before liberation have been unclear and there are different views. After the founding of New China, during the "National Character Reform Conference" and the "Academic Conference on Standardization of Modern Chinese" held in June 1955, the Chinese homonym was officially named "Putonghua", and at the same time, its definition was determined, that is, "taking Beijing dialect as the standard pronunciation and northern dialect as the basic dialect". 195510/On October 26th, People's Daily published an editorial entitled "Strive to Promote Chinese Character Reform, Popularize Putonghua and Realize Chinese Standardization". The article mentioned: "The language of China people is the same, that is, Putonghua with northern dialect as the basic dialect and Beijing accent as the standard pronunciation." 1956 On February 6th, the State Council issued an instruction on the promotion of Putonghua, adding the definition of Putonghua as "taking Beijing dialect as the standard pronunciation, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and typical modern vernacular as the grammatical norm". This definition clarifies the standard of Putonghua from three aspects: pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar, which makes the definition of Putonghua more scientific and thorough. Among them, the word "Putonghua" means "universal" and "accessible".

Third, the importance of "Putonghua"

Case 1:

A foreigner got on a bus in Beijing, took out a 50 yuan RMB and said to the conductor, "Did you see it?" (Jianguomen) ",although the conductor was very angry, he pretended not to see it and continued to sell tickets. After a while, the passenger raised the bill again, waved it in front of the conductor and said, "Did you see it? "The conductor was really angry. He took out a hundred-dollar bill from his bag, stretched it out in front of the passengers and said loudly," Did you see this? " The passenger suddenly froze, then changed his mouth and said in Mandarin, "Buy tickets for Jianguomen. "

Case 2:

I'm from the northeast, and I like to eat onion dip. Once when I was eating in a restaurant in Jiangzuikou, I said to the waiter halfway, "Miss, I'll get the onions. After waiting for a long time, I was wondering why I waited so long. At this moment, the waiter brought a whole plate of onions and said sweetly, Sir, my eyes were green at that time. Then everyone burst out laughing and the waiter looked at us blankly.

Case 3:

A man went to Changzhou on business, and a woman in Lu Yu was crying by the river: "My child fell into the water! My child fell into the water! " He was so scared that he jumped into the water at all costs. He searched for a long time and found only one shoe. He held it up and asked the woman, "Where are your children?" When the woman saw the shoes, she said happily, "That's my child!" " It turns out that the local dialect pronounced "shoe" as "child", and as a result, that person became a "drowned rat" for a shoe.

The above examples are not only jokes, but also highlight the importance of Putonghua. At that time, people from all over the world flocked to the United States to explore the west. They spoke many languages, including ancient Latin and Slavic, but eventually they all gave up their mother tongue and spoke English, which laid the foundation for the development of the western regions and became an important part of the spirit of the western regions. It takes a lot of courage to give up your mother tongue. It is precisely because everyone is willing to accept new things and not afraid to change themselves to adapt to the new environment that everyone can unify English. People are no longer poles, British and French, but all Americans. No barriers, no gangs, no discrimination, no locals and foreigners. Everything is based on reason, no matter where the speaker comes from. The spirit of the west is the spirit of openness. Imagine that the United States, with such a developed economy, has had such an experience. Besides, China compatriots, who have a blue sky, have any reasons and difficulties not to overcome the barriers of this language, and * * * raises the banner of Putonghua so that it can fly high in the east of the world?

With the coming of the 2008 Olympic Games, when we speak standard Mandarin, those notes and rhythms seem to beat with our blood. At this time, we often have a very close feeling in our hearts, that is, the feeling of our mother! That's feelings for the motherland and the nation! There is a lyric that sings well: "Let's paddle and start sailing". Promoting Putonghua is like rowing a big boat. In order to achieve the cross-century goal of "popularizing Putonghua", let's paddle for the "boat of Putonghua" together! Let the standard Mandarin of each of us reverberate in the ears of the world. In this soaring land of China, it will once again set off a language storm in the United States, making Mandarin a popular language in the world today! Become the most beautiful language in the world!

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