Appellations of Old Women in Classical Chinese

1. There are two names for old women in classical Chinese: old women and old women.

1, old woman [lM: O: Y] old woman.

Quote: Ling Xuan Zhi by Gui Youguang in Ming Dynasty: There is an old woman at home who lives here with interest.

There is an old woman at home who used to live here.

2. Old woman [Loo].

Quotations: Ming Dynasty Zheng Zhifu's "Iron pestle grinding needle": crossing the stream, grinding iron pestle every year.

He passed a stream and met an old woman grinding iron bars.

Extended data

List of ancient prose:

1, "Li Shihao" Tang Dynasty: Du Fu

Although an old woman is weak, please come back at night. If you are in a hurry to serve Shirley in the river and Yang, you might as well prepare the meal in the morning.

Although the old woman is old and weak, please allow me to follow you back to camp overnight. Go to Heyang to apply for a job and prepare breakfast for the troops.

2. Sun Tai is unknown: anonymous.

I was scared for a long time when I saw an old woman.

At this moment, I saw an old woman crying repeatedly.

3. "Xiao Gai" is unknown: anonymous

Although the ship is covered and clean, there are old people sitting inside.

Although the ship is worn out, it is clean. There is an old woman sitting inside.

4. Shanghang Daozhong Ming Dynasty: Wang Zuo (Confucianism)

The child walked at the bottom of the flower, and the old man rocked the boat on the shore.

The children walked on the flowers in clogs, and the old woman rocked the boat to the shore.

2. How to address an old man in his fifties and sixties in ancient Chinese? The ancients performed the 20-line crown ceremony, but they were still weak, so they were called weak crowns.

Confucius' The Analects of Confucius is politics: I have five chances out of ten, but I am determined to learn. Stand at 30, don't be confused at 40, know your destiny at 50, listen at 60, and walk at 70 without overstepping the bounds.

Flower armor means 60 years old. The word "Huajia" comes from the ancient calendar of China, with 60 years as a cycle, and each cycle is called "Jiazi". Because of the various names of branches, it is also called "Huajia".

Babies under one year old: refers to children aged 2-3; refers to infants (also known as "total horns"); cardamom: refers to 13-year-old women and children: refers to 15-year-old women and crowns: refers to 20-year-old men (also known as "weak crowns"), representing 30.

3. What's the name of the elder's ancient Chinese? It refers to beauty.

Beautiful, beautiful. Chan Juan: The meaning of stunning, later used to refer to beautiful women.

Daughter: Used to address other people's daughters to show dignity. Jiao Wa: Also called Jiao Niang, it refers to a beautiful girl.

Based on flowers: the leader of a hundred flowers, used to refer to the famous * * *. Beauty: radiant and beautiful, referring to beauty.

Beauty: (see 19 ancient poems) "There are many beauties in Yanzhao, and the beauty is Yan Ruyu." beautiful

Miss: It used to be used as a courtesy title for other people's daughters, but now it is used to address foreigners' daughters. Jade man: used to address beautiful women.

Lady: refers to a gentle, kind and beautiful woman. Jade girl: refers to a fairy, also refers to a beautiful woman, and is also used as a courtesy title for someone else's daughter.

Stunner: Strange, refers to beautiful women, but also refers to excellent people or things. Qing 'e: refers to a woman's black eyebrows, and also refers to a young woman.

Wife: In the past, the husband called his wife, which is rooted in the old concept that men are masters of the house and women are masters of the house. Wife: In ancient times, both men and women had to tie their hair in a bun on their wedding day. From then on, the man put his hair on his head to show that it was the original match and called his wife "wife": soft: soft; Wen: Mild.

Yuxiang: synonymous with women. The latter refers to a gentle young woman.

Spoiler's wife: a wife who lived on dross when she was poor, and later used as a courtesy title for her. Xiaojiabiyu: Jasper: In the old days, it referred to the beauty in a small family.

28 beauty: 28: refers to 16 years old, refers to young and beautiful women. Xu Niang: Used to describe middle-aged women when they were young.

Heroine among women: headscarves and hair accessories of women, which are synonymous with women and refer to outstanding figures among women.

4. In ancient times, concubines were the honorifics for old women-ancient women expressed humility.

Mother-an ancient title for aristocratic women or a general term for older women.

Tsing Yi-an ancient name for a girl.

Skirts were synonymous with women in ancient times.

A husband's address to his wife.

Make-up-a synonym for ancient beauty.

Moth-also known as' Emei', synonymous with ancient beauty.

Women were called women in ancient times.

Sunbathing-In ancient times, old women were called sunbathing.

In ancient times, for women, it generally refers to older people and also refers to girls.

Er-an ancient name for a woman or an old woman.

Mother-in ancient times, it generally referred to mother, girl or woman.

5. How do you address your concubine (daughter) to your parents in classical Chinese? I (male) address myself in classical Chinese on other occasions: I, Yu, Yu, Fool, I, before the pre-Qin Dynasty: my emperor: I, my queen, the queen mother: I mourn for my family, my old man: I am an old monk, my official: my official daughter: my concubine.

Commonly used "I, I, Yu, Yu" and so on, as well as the emperor's special names "I" and "Lonely". It can usually be translated into "I", "we", "mine" and "ours".

Example: 1, I have done my duty, but I said, "I am dead." "Zheng people buy shoes"-I have already got the shoes, and even said "I forgot to take the size."

"I" is used at the beginning of a sentence instead of "I" as the subject. 2. I know my son, so stay away from me. I won't say anything.

Lost-I know what you did to me, but I won't say it. "I" is used at the end of the sentence instead of the speaker as the object.

3. The more you listen, the sadder it gets. The snake catcher said-the more I listened, the more sad I became.

"Yu" is used at the beginning of a sentence instead of the obedient person, that is, Liu Zongyuan as the subject. 4. Win in Baling and win in Dongting Lake.

"Yueyang Tower"-The beautiful scenery of Baling I saw was concentrated on Dongting Lake. The word "Yu" is used at the beginning of a sentence, not "I" as the subject.

5. I am the son of heaven. Can you speak? -I am the king of a country, can I go back on my word? "I" is what the emperor calls "I". 6. There is Kong Ming alone, but there is water in the fish. "Longzhong Dui"-I have Kong Ming, just like fish has water.

The word "solitary" is used at the beginning of a sentence, not Liu Bei as the subject. The second person said: Also known as symmetry, it is often used as "Er, Ru, Female, Ruo, Nai and Harmony".

Usually translated as "yours, yours, yours, yours." Exodus: 7. Er 'an dares to act rashly! Oil man-how dare you despise my archery! The word "two" is used at the beginning of a sentence to address the old man who sells oil for him. It is translated as "you" as the subject.

8. Your inner strength is impenetrable. "A Mountain of Yugong"-Your thoughts are stubborn, too stubborn to change.

The word "Ru" is used at the beginning of a sentence, which means "Zhisou". 9. Confucius said, "What do you know?" Ten Analects of Confucius-Confucius said, "Zhong You, do you understand everything I taught you?" The word "female" is used in sentences, and after the verb "teach", it is used as the object of "teach".

Instead of "Zhong You", it translates as "You". 10, if it is a domestic farmer, what? Chen She Aristocratic Family-If you are a person hired to plow for others, how can you be rich? "Ruo" is used at the beginning of a sentence to represent Chen She.

Equivalent to "you". 1 1, Central Plains Day in Beiding, Julian Waghann. Family sacrifices are unforgettable.

Lu You's Sa-don't forget to tell your father the good news when your king's army pacified the Central Plains. The "nai" in the sentence is the pronoun, "yours".

12, and Weng Gui, since you have recalculated the ear "promoting weaving"-when your father comes back, I will definitely settle accounts with you. "Er" is the pronoun "you".

The third person: also known as "He", mainly includes words such as "He, He, Zhi", which can be used to refer to people as well as to replace them. Its usage is flexible, and it is usually translated as "He, His, theirs, theirs" and so on. Example: 13, the other party is exhausted and I am profitable, so I will overcome it.

"Cao Gui Debate"-Their morale was low and ours was high, so we beat him. Here, "Bi" and "Zhi" are pronouns, which are used to refer to Qi's army and are equivalent to "them".

14, the wife said "a foolish man is a mountain"-the wife questioned. The word "wife" is used to replace his wife, which translates as "his".

15. Those who insulted my ministers in the north are willing to kill it with the help of their children. There is a bully in the north who wants to kill him with your hand. The "zhi" at the end of the sentence is a pronoun, which replaces "insulting the minister" and is equivalent to "he".

Regarding self-addressing, that is, self-addressing, commonly used words such as "self" and "self" can be translated into "self". Example: 16, from Yunzu to avoid Qin chaos.

Peach Blossom Garden-I said that my ancestors wanted to escape the war in the Qin Dynasty ... "ego" means calling themselves "ego". 17. Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you.

The Analects of Confucius-Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you. The word "self" is the same as above, which means "self".

There is also a nickname: to address others, the word "person" is often used, which may be translated into "others" and "others". Example: 18, don't worry about gain and loss, worry about gain and loss.

The Analects of Confucius-I am afraid that others will not understand me, and I am afraid that I have no talent. The word "person" here is a nickname.

19, it is unfair to crack down on people who have made great contributions today. Hongmen Banquet-It is immoral to kill a man with great achievements now.

The word "person" is called "home". As for honorifics, that is, polite address to people, you can use "Jun, Zi, Gong, Qing, Sir, Master, First Step, Your Majesty, Your Excellency", which is generally translated as "You, your old man and his old man".

Exodus: 20. With your strength, you can't destroy the mountain tops of Taihang, Prince of Wu and other fathers. "Fools move mountains"-with your meager strength, you can't level a small mound like Kuifu, but what can you do with these two mountains, Taihang and Prince of Wu? The word "Jun" in the sentence is used by Yu Gong's wife to address him, which is equivalent to "you". 2 1, what does a son depend on? "To study"-What made you go? "Zi" is a courtesy title for the other party, which is equivalent to "you".

22. Do you smell the anger of the son of heaven? "Tang Ju doesn't live up to his mission"-Have you ever heard of the emperor's anger? 23. If you talk too much, which one is lonely? Sun Quan's persuasion-you said you had many affairs, who is like me? 24. The loser said, "What is your master's life?" "Gong Biao"-Gong Biao said, "What do you want to teach your old man?" 25. The first step is everything. Chen She family-your career will be successful.

6. What are the honorifics for the elderly and lovers in ancient times? Ancient manners and honorifics.

China has been a country of etiquette since ancient times, and many places can reflect the modesty and respect of this ancient civilization. The ancients paid great attention to addressing, using courteous words when addressing themselves and respectful words when addressing each other.

When the ancients talked about themselves, their honorifics varied according to their status. Generally speaking, we can say "I", "I", "I'm young", "I'm not talented" and "I'm stupid", and a single word can say "servant", such as "servant is not inferior and almost helpless" (Sima Qian's "Reporting for Ren 'an"), which can be said to be "stupid" or "stealing". Ministers can say "minister", "minister" and even "slave" in front of the monarch (doesn't Little Shenyang often say this? ), committed a crime and said, "guilty minister." Officials at lower levels call themselves "Xiaguan" and "Beizhi" in front of their superiors. The junior generals call themselves "the last generals" in front of the commander-in-chief. The monarch calls himself "I am a widow", "lonely" and "I". The servant girl calls herself a "handmaiden" in front of her master. People say "little people" and "untouchables" in front of officials. Ancient women humbly called themselves concubines, concubines and concubines. Monks call themselves "poor monks", "poor people" and "poor people" These are the humble words of the ancients to themselves.

The ancients not only said modesty, but also said that family members used modesty. Talking about whether his son is a "dog", "black sheep" and "cheap interest" (Old Minister Cheats Shu Qi, Touching the Dragon and Talking about the Queen Zhao). Said his daughter was a little girl. Say that your parents are "my father", "my mother", "Yan Jia" and "Jia Ci". Said his wife "wife" and "wife". When talking about your own affairs, you also use modesty. Your home is humble, humble and deserted. His own articles are words of incompetence, contemptible words and my humble work, and my opinions are my humble opinion. When performing skills, he called himself "ugly" and his kung fu was "three-legged hair". Don't forget to say "throw a brick to attract jade" when you speak in front of others.

There must be many such examples. Through the above analysis, we will find that almost all courtesy names are used to express low status, shallow knowledge and low moral character. For example, "stupid" means stupid; The original meaning of "servant" is "servant". The emperor's "widowed husband" is a "man with few virtues", not to mention a "dog". The ancients used these "bad" words to express modesty, which can be seen everywhere in ancient Chinese. For example:

"May Your Majesty have mercy on your ignorance and sincerity and listen to my humble wishes" ("Chen Qingbiao")

"What does a young man know? Do your best, and die "(Wang Bo said that he was a child in Preface to Tengwangge, and children certainly knew little).

"Dare to exhaust your feelings and draw short quotations with a bow" ("Preface to Wang Tengting")

"He is like a vassal, and he is above the barren hills" (Gui Youguang's "Mountain Scholar" said that "talent" is knowledgeable and shallow)

Use "bad" words to belittle yourself, but you can't use these words when addressing each other. The ancients called each other "Zi", "My son", "Jun", "First Step" and "Your Highness", and there were "two or three sons" in the plural. Courtiers call the king "Your Majesty" and the prince "Your Highness". The original meaning of "Your Majesty" is under the stairs, and "Your Highness" means "Your Highness". When courtiers address the emperor and the prince, they can't address him directly, so they use "Your Majesty" and "Your Highness" to show respect. The same is true of addressing ordinary people as "the first step" and "your Excellency". The king called his courtiers "Ai Qing". The ancients called each other's parents "your mother", "your father" and their children "your lover" and "your son". The original meaning of "order" here is "beauty". Saying that other people's opinions are "high opinions" and "high opinions". Other people's articles are masterpieces. They call their brothers "brothers", their brothers "good brothers" and their wives "your wife". Other people's apprentices are "high apprentices". Other people's home is "home". Call monks "eminent monks" and "holy monks". Respect for teachers, respect for teachers, respect for teachers, gentlemen and sages.

Honorific words are very common in ancient Chinese, such as:

"Today looks like" ("Touching the dragon and saying Zhao Hou")

"Dare to provoke the deacon" ("Candle Forces Retreat the Qin Division") (Don't directly address Qin Mugong, but address his subordinates as Mu Gong. )

As can be seen from the above, honorific words and modest words are just the opposite, and most of them are expressed in words that express beauty and nobility. These honorifics should be part of our cultural heritage, and many of them are still in use.

Some people say that the ancients were such mothers-in-law, so "you, me and him" means everything. Look at the "old man", "hello", "that man" and "this guy" everywhere in the street. Are we modern people qualified to say that the ancients were conservative?

7. Address people in classical Chinese, and explain why the following types of address forms appear in classical Chinese: There are roughly three situations of directly addressing names: (1) claiming names or first names.

Such as "Within five steps, please ask the king to spill blood on his neck" and "Luling Wen Tianxiang preface his poems". (2) for introduction or biography.

For example, "Sui and Lu Su are both interested in Sun Quan" and "Liu Jingting is from Taizhou". (3) people who are disgusted and despised.

For example, "Unfortunately, Lu Shimeng is evil in the former, but flattering in the latter". The ancients named it "Cheng Zi" when they were young, and took the word (male 20 years old, female 15 years old) when they came of age. There is a meaningful connection between words and names.

Chinese characters are for the convenience of others, courtesy and respect for peers or elders. For example, Qu Ping is Qu Yuan, Sima Qian is Sima Zichang, Tao Yuanming is Tao, Li Bai is Du Fu, Han Yu is Han tui, Liu Zongyuan is Liu Zihou, Ouyang Xiu is Ouyang Yongshu, Sima Guang is Sima Junshi, Su Shi is Su Zizhan, and Su Zhe is Su Ziyuan.

Book names are also called alias numbers and table numbers. The fundamental difference between a name, a character and a number is that the former is decided by the father or elder, while the latter is decided by himself.

Number, generally only used to claim to express some interest or express some emotion; The address of a person is also a kind of honorific title. Such as: Mr. Wu Liu, Li Bai's Qinglian Jushi, Du Fu's Shaoling Yelao, Bai Juyi's Xiangshan Jushi, Li Shangyin's Yuxi Sheng, He's self-proclaimed Siming Fancy in his later years, Ouyang Xiu's Drunk, Liu Yi Jushi in his later years and Wang Anshi's Mid-Levels in his later years.

In ancient posthumous title, after the death of princes, senior officials and famous scribes, they were called posthumous title. For example, Tao Yuanming's name is Jing Shi, Ouyang Xiu is Ouyang Wenzhong, Wang Anshi is Wang Wengong, Fan Zhongyan is Gong, Wang Ao is Su Gong, Zuo Guangdou is Zuo Gong, Shi Kefa is Shi Zhonglie Gong, and Lin Zexu is Lin Wenzhong Gong.

It is a kind of "evil death" to call traitor Qin Gui "Miao Chou". Calling a vegetarian name means calling it by a vegetarian name or room number.

For example, Yang Wanli, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, called Zhai Wei, and people called him Yang. Yao Nai's name is Bao, also called Bao, because his name is Bao. Another example is Pu Songling's name is Mr. Liaozhai, Liang Qichao's name is the owner of the icehouse, and Tan Sitong's name is Tan Zhuangfei (his fasting name is Zhuangfei Building).

According to legend, Meng Haoran, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was from Xiangyang, so he was called Meng Xiangyang. Zhang Jiuling is from Qujiang, so he is called Zhang Qujiang. Liu Zongyuan is a native of Hedong and Yongji, Shanxi, so he is called Liu Hedong. Wang Anshi was born in Linchuan, Jiangxi Province in the Northern Song Dynasty, so people called him King Linchuan. Tang Xianzu, a dramatist in the Ming Dynasty, was named Tang Linchuan (Linchuan, Jiangxi). Gu, a beginner in Qing Dynasty, was born in Kunshan Town, Jiangsu Province, and was called Gu. Kang Youwei is a native of Nanhai, Guangdong Province, known as Kang Nanhai; Yuan Shikai, the leader of Beiyang warlord, is called Yuan Xiangcheng (from Xiangcheng, Henan). There is a famous couplet full of irony in the late Qing Dynasty: "Hefei, the prime minister, is thinner than the world, and Changshu, the farmer, is barren."

The first couplet "Hefei" refers to Li Hongzhang (from Hefei, Anhui), and the second couplet "Changshu" refers to Weng Tonghe who was born in Changshu, Jiangsu. Although Han Yu, known as the king of the county, was born in Heyang, Hanoi (now Meng County, Henan Province), Han Yu often called himself "Changli Han Yu", because the Han surname of Changli (now Yixian County, Liaoning Province) was an aristocratic family in the Tang Dynasty, so the world called him Han Changli.

For another example, Su Shi was originally from Meizhou, Sichuan, but he sometimes called himself "Su Shi in Zhao County" and "Su Zhao County" because Su Shi was a noble family in Zhao County. It is called "Sun Qiulu is smart and kind", and "Sun Qiulu" is Sun Quan, so it is called because he was once awarded the position of General Qiu Lu.

In Meihualing, there are some sentences, such as "coming from the north" and "Yan Taishi uses his troops wisely, and Wen Shaobao uses his troops to make a bright future". Running is Hong Chengchou's official position, a surname is the provincial name of Yan Zhenqing's official position, and Shaobao is Wen Tianxiang's official position. "Book with Wife": "Sima Chun shirt, you can't learn too much."

"Sima" refers to Bai Juyi, who was once a Sima in Jiangzhou. It was quite common to use official names as titles of people in ancient times, such as calling Jia Yi Jia Taifu; Ruan Ji, one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", used to be a captain of the infantry and was called Ruan Infantry in the world. Ji Kang once worshipped Zhong Sanyi, who was known as Zhong Sanyi in the world. Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was a general of the right army, and people still call him Wang Youjun. Wang Wei, formerly known as Shangshu Youcheng, was called Wang Youcheng. Du Fu is called the left scavenger, and he is also called Du Gongbu, because he is a foreign minister. Liu Yuxi used to be a guest of honor of the prince and was called Liu Ke. Liu Yong was the foreign minister of wasteland, known as Liu wasteland; Su Shi was once a bachelor of Hanlin in Duanmingtang, and was called Su.

The title of "training frugality to show health" is "the luxury crown in recent years", the title of Kou Zhun is Lai Guogong, and Lai Gong is a provincial title. In Meihualing, Duoduo was named Prince Yu by the Qing Dynasty.

Liu Jingting biography: "Ningnan South, Anhui Shuai wants to marry Ningnan, Gongting in the shogunate". Ningnan was the provincial name of Zuo Liangyu in the late Ming Dynasty. For example, Zhuge Liang was once conferred the title of marquis of Wu, so later generations are commensurate with marquis of Wu; Xie Lingyun, a poet in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, attacked the title of Xie Xuan, his ancestor, and he thanked him in the past. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, it was named Zheng Guogong, so it was called Wei in the world. Guo Ziyi, a famous soldier, was named Guo Ziyi and called "Guo Fenyang" for putting down the Anshi Rebellion. Chu Suiliang, a great calligrapher, was named Duke of Henan, known as Chu Henan in the world; In the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi was named King Gong Jing. Sima Guang was once named the Duke of Wen, and the world called Sima Wengong. In the early Ming Dynasty, Liu Ji, the minister of Zhu Yuanzhang, was knighted with sincerity, and people were commensurate with sincerity.

Official land refers to the place name of official land. Such as "Battle of Red Cliffs": "What does Yuzhou want now?" Because Liu Bei used to be the secretariat of Yuzhou, he called it an official place.

Another example is Jia Yi, who was once dismissed as Teacher Wang of Changsha, and was known as Jia Changsha in the world. Kong Rong, one of the "seven sons of Jian 'an", was once a Beihai phase, known as Kong Beihai in the world; Tao Yuanming was once the magistrate of Pengze County, and was known as Tao Pengze in the world. Luo was once the magistrate of Linhai County, and was known as Luo Linhai in the world. Cen Can used to be a secretariat, known as CenJiaZhou; Wei was once the secretariat of Suzhou, known as Wei Suzhou in history; Liu Zongyuan used to be the secretariat of Liuzhou, known as Liu Liuzhou in the world; Jia Dao used to be the master book of Changjiang County, known as Jia Changjiang in the world, and his poetry collection was called Changjiang Collection. Also known as "You Bao Chan" and "Simin Luling".