Edison's successes and failures (10 points)

Report Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 - October 18, 1931), an American inventor and businessman who developed many important devices people. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park" by newspaper reporters, he was the world's first inventor to use the principles of mass production and his industrial research laboratory to produce inventions. Edison is regarded as the person who invented the most products in modern times, with 1,093 patents registered in his name. Most of the inventions were not original, but were improvements on other patents, and in fact many were invented by his many employees. As a result, Edison was often criticized for not sharing these credits. However, Edison received patents from many countries, including the United States, Britain, France and Germany. In 1892, he founded General Electric, which later became the largest company in the United States: General Electric Company. It owned 24,414 patents including Edison's 1,093 patents. In 1908, Edison founded the Motion Picture Patents Company (commonly known as the Edison Trust), a conglomerate of nine major film studios. In the early 1900s, Edison bought a villa in Formmel, Florida, as a winter retreat. Automobile magnate Henry Ford lived across from this villa. He was also a good friend of Edison. "Edison and Ford Winter Estates" is currently open to the public. Menlo Park Edison's Menlo Park Laboratory, moved to Greenfield Village in Dearborn, MI. (note the equipment on the wall behind) Edison's major inventions were in the laboratory built in Menlo Park, New Jersey. It was the first institution set with the specific purpose of bringing about constant technological innovation and improvement. Most inventions there are legally attributed to Edison, although many employees performed research and development work under his direction. William Joseph Hamer, a consulting electrical engineer, began working under Edison in December 1879. He assisted in experiments on telephones, phonographs, electrical circuits, iron ore separators, and electric lighting equipment, and developed other inventions. However, Hammer was primarily responsible for testing and documenting incandescent electric lighting equipment. In 1880, he was appointed chief engineer working on the Edison lamp. In his first year, the factory, under the direction of General Manager Francis Robbins Upton, produced 50,000 lamps. According to Edison, Hammer was "a pioneer in incandescent electric lighting equipment." Most of Edison's patents were public patents. During Edison's life, inventions protected by patents for 17 years included electronics, machinery or chemicals. About a dozen are design patents, and one decorative design is protected for 14 years. Most of his inventions were not completely original, but were improvements on products that had already been invented but were still imperfect. Among the few originals was the phonograph, which was patented as the first device to record and reproduce sound. Edison did not invent the first light bulb, but he invented the first practical commercial application of incandescent light. Several designs had been developed by earlier inventors, including Henry Woodward, Matthew Evans, Moses G. Fama, Joseph Swann, and James Bowen Lentsey. , William Sawyer, Humphrey Davy, and Henry Goldberg purchased patents. These inventors' products all had shortcomings, such as extremely short lifespan, high production costs, and high channel currents, and were only suitable for satisfying laboratory curiosity. In 1878, Edison used filaments to carry light-emitting wire elements (English inventor Joseph King had used them before). Edison took the features of these older designs and assigned his workers to create longer-lasting light bulbs. Before 1879, he had a new concept: a high-resistance lamp would burn for hundreds of hours under a high vacuum. While an earlier inventor, Alessandro Volta, produced electric lighting in 1800, in a laboratory by a demonstration built on a glowing wire, Edison focused on commercial applications and relatively through mass production The long-lasting light bulb spread the concept to homes and businesses and created a complete system for the production and distribution of electricity.

The Menlo Park Research Laboratory may be able to handle the sales of the "quadruple communicator" invented by Edison in 1874, which can send four signals simultaneously on the same wire. When Edison asked Western Union for terms, he was shocked by the unexpected sum Western Union offered—the patent sold for $10,000. The "Quadruple Communicator" was Edison's first financial success. [edit] The glorious years U.S. Patent #223898 Electric Light In 1878, Edison formed the Edison Electric Light Company in New York with several financiers, including J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family. Edison performed the first public demonstration of an incandescent light bulb on December 31, 1879 in Menlo Park. On January 27, 1880, he applied for a patent for the electric incandescent lamp in the United States; at this time he said: "We will make electricity so cheap that only the rich will burn candles." [Source Request] In October 1883 On August 8, the U.S. Patent Office ruled that Edison's patent was based on the work of William Sawyer and was therefore invalid. The litigation continued for almost six years, until on October 6, 1889, a judge ruled that Edison's request for an improvement in the electric light to be "a filament of carbon of high resistance" was legal. To avoid a possible court battle with Joseph Swan, he and Swan formed a joint company in England called Ediswan to sell the invention. Other inventors who designed designs for the electric light included Serbian inventor Nikola Tesla, who wanted to ignite a wireless light bulb using radio frequency waves emitted from the side electrodes in the Tesla action. He also plans to develop a wire that can refocus energy from the glass shell back to the center of the light bulb, and then use a central "button" to emit incandescent light to ignite the light bulb. Although Tesla invented fluorescent lighting, Edison's design won out at this time. Edison received a patent for the power distribution system in 1880, which was very important for the invention of the electric light. The first investment in any electrical industry was the Pearl Street Station in New York in 1882. On September 4, 1882, Edison opened the world's first electrical energy distribution system at the Pearl Street Power Station, providing 110 volts of direct current (DC) to 59 customers in lower Manhattan. On January 19, 1883, the first standardized incandescent electric light system using overhead wires began service in Roselle, New Jersey. Edison Talking about the Light Bulb (description page) A video clip of Edison talking about the invention of the light bulb in the late 1920s. Unable to watch the video properly? See media help [edit] Carbon Electrode Telephone Transmitter In 1877 and 1878 Edison invented and developed the carbon electrode microphone and ring receiver used in all telephones until the 1980s. After a prolonged patent litigation, in 1892 a federal court ruled that Edison, not Amy Berliner, was the inventor of the carbon electrode microphone. (Josephson, p146). Carbon electrode microphones were also used in radio broadcasting and broadcasting work in the 1920s. [edit] The War of Electricity Image: PyramidParthen on Extravagant displays of electric light quickly became a public feature, as shown in this image from the 1897 Tennessee Centennial Exposition. Whitinghouse and Edison became enemies as Edison promoted direct current (DC) to more easily transmit electricity, while George Whittinghouse sold the alternating current (AC) system developed by Tesla. Unlike DC, AC can reach very high voltages through transformers, send them to small wires, and then reduce the voltage at the destination to power users. Although Edison regarded contempt as a major blow, the war with AC led Edison to become increasingly involved in the development and promotion of the electric chair as a demonstration of AC's greater lethal potential to the "safer" DC. Edison carried out a brief but strong campaign to outlaw the use of AC or limit the allowed voltage for safety purposes. As part of this campaign, Edison displayed electrocuted dogs, cats, and an elephant [4] to demonstrate the dangers of AC. Tesla's AC replaces DC power generation and energy distribution in many cases. It extends the range greatly and improves energy distribution safety and efficiency. Although the use of DC eventually lost the advantages of issuance, it is still mainly used today for long-distance high-voltage direct current (HVDC) drive systems. [edit] Working associates Frank J. Sburger, an able mathematician and former naval officer, was recruited by Edward H. Johnson and joined Edison's organization in 1883.

One of Sburger's major contributions to Edison's laboratory in Menlo Park was the expansion of Edison's mathematical methods. (Although it is widely believed that Edison did not use mathematics, his analytical notebooks reveal that he was an astute man in mathematical analysis. For example, establishing that important parameters of his electric light system, including lamp resistance, were all expertly analyzed Ohm's Law", "Joule's Law" and economics.) The key to Edison's success was holism, rather than groping for inventions in a dimensionalistic way and trying a wide range of uses when an appropriate theory did not exist. Beginning with Schenberg's addition of patents in 1883, that may be interpreted as a move toward a reductionist approach to analysis, and may not be a positive move for Edison. Schenberg's important analytical contributions, including the correction of Edison's primary and centrally distributed supply systems, formed a counterargument to this. In 1884, the development of electricity placed elsewhere aroused Sperger's interest. He left Edison and founded the "Sperger Circuit and Motor Company." However, Sperger, who later developed many electronic inventions, always trusted Edison to work with him. Another Edison associate was Nikola Tesla who claimed that Edison promised him $50,000 if he successfully improved his DC. Months later, when he completed the work and demanded payment, Tesla claimed that Edison said, "When you become a complete American, you will appreciate American jokes."[5] Tesla resigned immediately. This anecdote is somewhat dubious, since the salary at Tesla of $18 per week and the bonus will be paid over a period of 53 years, an amount equal to the company's founding capital. Tesla resigned when he was refused a raise to $25 a week (Jones, p110). Although Tesla later accepted the Edison Award and publicly proclaimed Edison a high-minded inventor and engineer, he remained arduous. One day, after Edison's death, the New York Times gave Edison's life leisurely extensive coverage, when the only negative review came from Tesla, quoting him as saying: "He had no hobbies, no care for entertainment of any kind, and a complete disregard for living." The most basic rules of hygiene. "He was very inefficient and had to have a huge excuse to cover up everything unless blindly accidentally mediated. At first, I was probably an apologetic witness to him and knew some theory and calculations. Saved 90% of his labor. But he did despise book learning and mathematical knowledge, and he completely believed in inventive genius and pragmatic American style. "When Edison was very old and close to death, he said that he made the greatest mistake. The mistake was that he failed to respect Tesla and his work. [6] Main inventions: phonograph, kinetoscope, dictation, radio, incandescent lamp, signature printer, tattoo gun

Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 - October 1931) 18), American inventor and businessman who developed many important devices. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park" by newspaper reporters, he was the world's first inventor to use the principles of mass production and his industrial research laboratory to produce inventions. Edison is regarded as the person who invented the most products in modern times, with 1,093 patents registered in his name. Most of the inventions were not original, but were improvements on other patents, and in fact many were invented by his many employees. As a result, Edison was often criticized for not sharing these credits. However, Edison received patents from many countries, including the United States, Britain, France and Germany. In 1892, he founded General Electric, which later became the largest company in the United States: General Electric Company. It owned 24,414 patents including Edison's 1,093 patents. In 1908, Edison founded the Motion Picture Patents Company (commonly known as the Edison Trust), a conglomerate of nine major film studios. In the early 1900s, Edison bought a villa in Formmel, Florida, as a winter retreat. Automobile magnate Henry Ford lived across from this villa. He was also a good friend of Edison. "Edison and Ford Winter Estates" is currently open to the public.

Menlo Park Edison's Menlo Park Laboratory, moved to Greenfield Village in Dearborn, MI. (note the equipment on the wall behind) Edison's major inventions were in the laboratory built in Menlo Park, New Jersey. It was the first institution set with the specific purpose of bringing about constant technological innovation and improvement. Most inventions there are legally attributed to Edison, although many employees performed research and development work under his direction. William Joseph Hamer, a consulting electrical engineer, began working under Edison in December 1879. He assisted in experiments on telephones, phonographs, electrical circuits, iron ore separators, and electric lighting equipment, and developed other inventions. However, Hammer was primarily responsible for testing and documenting incandescent electric lighting equipment. In 1880, he was appointed chief engineer working on the Edison lamp. In his first year, the factory, under the direction of General Manager Francis Robbins Upton, produced 50,000 lamps. According to Edison, Hammer was "a pioneer in incandescent electric lighting equipment." Most of Edison's patents were public patents. During Edison's life, inventions protected by patents for 17 years included electronics, machinery or chemicals. About a dozen are design patents, and one decorative design is protected for 14 years. Most of his inventions were not completely original, but were improvements on products that had already been invented but were still imperfect. Among the few originals was the phonograph, which was patented as the first device to record and reproduce sound. Edison did not invent the first light bulb, but he invented the first practical commercial application of incandescent light. Several designs had been developed by earlier inventors, including Henry Woodward, Matthew Evans, Moses G. Fama, Joseph Swann, and James Bowen Lentsey. , William Sawyer, Humphrey Davy, and Henry Goldberg purchased patents. These inventors' products all had shortcomings, such as extremely short lifespan, high production costs, and high channel currents, and were only suitable for satisfying laboratory curiosity. In 1878, Edison used filaments to carry light-emitting wire elements (English inventor Joseph King had used them before). Edison took the features of these older designs and assigned his workers to create longer-lasting light bulbs. Before 1879, he had a new concept: a high-resistance lamp would burn for hundreds of hours under a high vacuum. While an earlier inventor, Alessandro Volta, produced electric lighting in 1800, in a laboratory by a demonstration built on a glowing wire, Edison focused on commercial applications and relatively through mass production The long-lasting light bulb spread the concept to homes and businesses and created a complete system for the production and distribution of electricity. The Menlo Park Research Laboratory may be able to handle the sales of the "quadruple communicator" invented by Edison in 1874, which can send four signals simultaneously on the same wire. When Edison asked Western Union for terms, he was shocked by the unexpected sum Western Union offered—the patent sold for $10,000. The "Quadruple Communicator" was Edison's first financial success. [edit] The glorious years U.S. Patent #223898 Electric Light In 1878, Edison formed the Edison Electric Light Company in New York with several financiers, including J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family. Edison performed the first public demonstration of an incandescent light bulb on December 31, 1879 in Menlo Park. On January 27, 1880, he applied for a patent for the electric incandescent lamp in the United States; at this time he said: "We will make electricity so cheap that only the rich will burn candles." [Source Request] In October 1883 On September 8, the U.S. Patent Office ruled that Edison's patent was based on the work of William Sawyer and was therefore invalid. The litigation continued for almost six years, until on October 6, 1889, a judge ruled that Edison's request for a "high resistance filament of carbon" for the lamp improvement was legal. To avoid a possible court battle with Joseph Swan, he and Swan formed a joint company in England called Ediswan to sell the invention. Other inventors who designed designs for the electric light included Serbian inventor Nikola Tesla, who wanted to use radio frequency to ignite a wireless light bulb using electromagnetic waves emitted from the side electrodes in the Tesla effect. He also plans to develop a wire that can refocus energy from the glass shell back to the center of the light bulb, and then use a central "button" to emit incandescent light to ignite the light bulb.

Although Tesla invented fluorescent lighting, Edison's design won out at this time. Edison received a patent for the power distribution system in 1880, which was very important for the invention of the electric light. The first investment in any electrical industry was the Pearl Street Station in New York in 1882. On September 4, 1882, Edison opened the world's first electrical energy distribution system at the Pearl Street Power Station, providing 110 volts of direct current (DC) to 59 customers in lower Manhattan. On January 19, 1883, the first standardized incandescent electric light system using overhead wires began service in Roselle, New Jersey. Edison Talking about the Light Bulb (description page) A video clip of Edison talking about the invention of the light bulb in the late 1920s. Unable to watch the video properly? See media help [edit] Carbon Electrode Telephone Transmitter In 1877 and 1878 Edison invented and developed the carbon electrode microphone and ring receiver used in all telephones until the 1980s. After a prolonged patent lawsuit, a federal court ruled in 1892 that Edison, not Amy Berliner, was the inventor of the carbon electrode microphone. (Josephson, p146). Carbon electrode microphones were also used in radio broadcasting and broadcasting work in the 1920s. [edit] The War of Electricity Image: PyramidParthen on Extravagant displays of electric light quickly became a public feature, as shown in this image from the 1897 Tennessee Centennial Exposition. Whitinghouse and Edison became enemies as Edison promoted direct current (DC) to more easily transmit electricity, while George Whittinghouse sold the alternating current (AC) system developed by Tesla. Unlike DC, AC can reach very high voltages through transformers, send them to small wires, and then reduce the voltage at the destination to power users. Although Edison regarded contempt as a major blow, the war with AC led Edison to become increasingly involved in the development and promotion of the electric chair as a demonstration of AC's greater lethal potential to the "safer" DC. Edison carried out a brief but strong campaign to outlaw the use of AC or limit the allowed voltage for safety purposes. As part of this campaign, Edison displayed electrocuted dogs, cats, and an elephant [4] to demonstrate the dangers of AC. Tesla's AC replaces DC power generation and energy distribution in many cases. It extends the range greatly and improves energy distribution safety and efficiency. Although the use of DC eventually lost the advantages of issuance, it is still mainly used today for long-distance high-voltage direct current (HVDC) drive systems. [edit] Working associates Frank J. Sburger, an able mathematician and former naval officer, was recruited by Edward H. Johnson and joined Edison's organization in 1883. One of Sburger's major contributions to Edison's laboratory in Menlo Park was the expansion of Edison's mathematical methods. (Although it is widely believed that Edison did not use mathematics, his analytical notebooks reveal that he was an astute man in mathematical analysis. For example, establishing that important parameters of his electric light system, including lamp resistance, were all expertly analyzed Ohm's Law", "Joule's Law" and economics.) The key to Edison's success was holism, rather than groping for inventions in a dimensionalistic way and trying a wide range of uses when an appropriate theory did not exist. Beginning with Schenberg's addition of patents in 1883, that may be interpreted as a move toward a reductionist approach to analysis, and may not be a positive move for Edison. Schenberg's important analytical contributions, including the correction of Edison's primary and centrally distributed supply systems, formed a counterargument to this. In 1884, the development of electricity placed elsewhere aroused Sperger's interest. He left Edison and founded the "Sperger Circuit and Motor Company." However, Sperger, who later developed many electronic inventions, always trusted Edison to work with him. Another Edison associate was Nikola Tesla who claimed that Edison promised him $50,000 if he successfully improved his DC. Months later, when he completed the work and demanded payment, Tesla claimed that Edison said, "When you become a complete American, you will appreciate American jokes."[5] Tesla resigned immediately. This anecdote is somewhat dubious, since the $18 per week bonus at Tesla will be paid out over a period of 53 years, an amount equal to the company's founding capital. Tesla resigned when he was refused a raise to $25 a week (Jones, p110).

Although Tesla later accepted the Edison Award and publicly proclaimed Edison a high-minded inventor and engineer, he remained arduous. One day, after Edison's death, the New York Times gave Edison's life leisurely extensive coverage, when the only negative review came from Tesla, quoting him as saying: "He had no hobbies, no care for entertainment of any kind, and a complete disregard for living." The most basic rules of hygiene. "He was very inefficient and had to have a huge excuse to cover everything up unless blindly accidentally mediated. At first, I was probably an apologetic witness to him and knew some theory and calculations. Saved 90% of his labor. But he did despise book learning and mathematical knowledge, and he completely believed in inventive genius and pragmatic American style. "When Edison was very old and close to death, he said that he made the greatest mistake. The mistake was that he failed to respect Tesla and his work. [6] Main inventions Phonograph Kinetoscope Dictation phonograph Radio Incandescent lamp Signature printer Tattoo gun Gan LOR~

Thomas Alva Edison was born in Ohio, USA in 1847. He invented more than 2,000 kinds of inventions in his lifetime. Not only has he become a very outstanding scientist in the history of modern physics, he is also known as the greatest inventor in the world. Edison's outstanding achievements in his life were not a fluke, but the result of his perseverance, courage to try and dare to innovate. Due to his poor family, Edison only received three months of primary school education and began working on the train at the age of twelve. Despite this, he still worked hard and studied hard on his own. He had already developed a strong interest in natural science when he was a boy. Not only did he master a wealth of knowledge about electricity, chemistry, etc., he also liked to conduct "small experiments" in the car and at home. His career as an inventor began in 1863 when he worked as a waiter for a railroad company. As his inventions were born one after another, his name became familiar and his life gradually became richer. Edison built a duplex transmitter in 1873 and a four-stage transmitter the following year. In 1876, he established the first industrial research laboratory in the United States, the "Edison Invention Factory" in Menlo Park. In the next two years, he invented the phonograph, which shocked the world and earned him the title of French knight. Edison's greatest contribution in his life was the invention of the electric light. It took him more than 1,600 experiments with heat-resistant materials and more than 600 plant fibers to create the first light bulb. Later, he continued to improve the manufacturing methods on this basis. In order to promote the use of electric lights, he developed various additional equipment for electrical systems such as parallel circuits, fuses, insulation materials, and copper wire networks; he also created voltage-stable generators and three-wire switches for economical power distribution. In 1882 he established an electric power grid in New York. Although his use of direct current transmission method limited the distance that power could be transmitted, this great contribution has greatly improved human life. In 1883, Edison discovered the phenomenon of thermionic emission, laying the foundation for the advent of the electron tube. In 1887 he established a larger laboratory in West Orange. There he invented countless more, the more significant of which were the movie camera in 1888; the movie projector and the nickel-iron battery in 1896. His successive inventions earned him the Congressional Gold Medal in 1928. Edison died in West Orange in 1931 at the age of 84. For more legends of scientists, please see phy.cu.edu/phyworld/history/

Reference: .geocities/science_valley/Thomas_Alva_Edison

In 1847, Edison was born in the United States. When he was a child, Edison read a lot of books and often learned new things around him. Edison worked very hard. If he fails, he will try again after thinking clearly. Edison invented more than 2,000 inventions, including the phonograph, camcorder and electric light. Edison died in 1931 at the age of 84.

The King of Invention---------Edison Name: Thomas Alva Edison (Thomas Alva. Edison) Born: 1847 in Ohio, USA Famous saying "Genius is one part of the genius" A little statistics shows that in his life, there was a new invention every 15 days on average! Edison is a great inventor in the world. He invented nearly eleven hundred inventions. He was born in a poor peasant family in the United States in 1847. When Edison was seven years old, he was kicked out of school by the principal and teachers because the school teachers thought he was mentally retarded. Later, Edison's mother taught him. When Edison was ten years old, he set up a laboratory at home and conducted various types of chemical experiments. When Edison was twelve years old, because his family lived in poverty, he had to sell newspapers on the train to make ends meet. He also conducted various chemical experiments in the luggage compartment of the train. The electric light invented in 1880. Edison used the movie camera he invented. Soon after, Edison established a chemical research institute. Some great inventions such as the electric light, telephone, phonograph and more than 1,100 inventions were invented in this institute. Edison invented nearly a thousand inventions in his lifetime. These inventions were created successfully through Edison's continuous efforts, failures and attempts. Therefore, we must learn from Edison’s spirit of never failing and constantly working hard and trying.

Reference: srols.edu/guidance/active/beautiful/edison/edison