What is science?

Scientific definition: a summary of the law of material change under certain conditions.

Popular science is short for popularization of science.

I think: it should be called popular science to tell your own point of view and let readers prove that this point of view is a repeatable law (scientific) process.

Superstition means that you don't want the listener to verify it, but you just want the listener to accept the form of communication that expresses your views.

Unconfirmed acceptance is also superstition.

If readers can't verify it, it's not popular science, but it may make readers believe in a daze. This is a way to spread superstition.

Superstition is not necessarily wrong, everyone is not all-rounder, and will trust the authority and experts of superstition to a greater or lesser extent without verifying them. So superstition is not terrible. But if you can't tell science from superstition, you may not know science from pseudoscience.

In this way, superstition and popular science are opposites, and science and pseudoscience are opposites.

Objective: Through discussion and summary, to clarify the definition of "science" and popularize this definition, so that readers can accurately distinguish between science and non-science and improve their scientific level.

Because science must be recognized, spreadable, verifiable and falsifiable.

Recognition refers to the recognition of both sides of the conversation, not empty fingers.

For example, the identification of "eight planets" refers to the adoption of resolutions by scientific conferences, rather than the fact that most people on earth know that the latter standard is not easy to verify.

But scientists sometimes make mistakes: for example, Aristotle is the greatest scientist of his time, but his theory that heavy objects fall first needs to be corrected.

(Note: Because experiments with stones and feathers can confirm a rule, it cannot be said that his theory is completely wrong. )

Revised statement: In the free-fall experiment, if two objects are subjected to the same air resistance in opposite directions, and other conditions are exactly the same, the heavier object will land first.

(Note: The original conclusion is that the best experiment is not to use two balls with different weights, but to compare people with parachutes. The stone falls first. )

1888 Darwin gave a definition to science: "Science is to sort out facts, find laws from them and draw conclusions". Darwin's definition points out the connotation of science, that is, facts and laws. Science should discover unknown facts and seek truth from facts on this basis, instead of pure thinking fantasy divorced from reality. As for the law, it refers to the internal and essential relationship between objective things. Therefore, science is a knowledge system based on practice, tested by practice, and strictly demonstrated by logic about the nature and laws of motion of various things in the objective world.

Cihai 1979 edition:

"Science is a knowledge system about nature, society and thinking. It came into being and developed to meet the needs of people's production struggle and class struggle. It is the crystallization of people's practical experience. "

Cihai 1999 edition:

"Science: a knowledge system that uses categories, theorems, laws and other forms of thinking to reflect the essential laws of various phenomena in the real world.

Encyclopedia of France

"Science is different from common sense first. Science seeks the order of things through classification. In addition, science tries to explain things by revealing the laws that govern things. "

Encyclopedia of the former Soviet Union

"Science is a category of human activities, and its role is to summarize and systematize knowledge about the objective world. The concept of' science' itself includes not only the activities of acquiring new knowledge, but also the results of such activities. "

Introduction to modern science and technology

"It can be simply said that science is systematic knowledge that truthfully reflects the internal laws of objective things."

Basic definition of science

Basic definition-Science is a person who advocates truth and truth. It explores and practices endlessly, approaches the truth in stages, explains and reveals the characteristics of stages, development, historicity, dialectics, universality, particularity and information of truth, and does not contain contradictory knowledge systems as much as possible, which is a lofty cause that will always benefit human society.

We haven't given a universally accepted definition of "science". It doesn't mean that science has become unclear and obscure. No one can judge what is science and what is not. Everyone can do a set of "science" by himself. The absence of a recognized definition does not mean that there are no recognized criteria for judgment.

Logically speaking, first, scientific theories must be self-consistent, that is, they can be logically consistent, at least self-evident, and cannot be inconsistent. Second, scientific theories must be concise, without unnecessary assumptions and conditions, leaving a way out for future failures, that is, they must conform to the principle of Occam's razor to be discussed below. Third, scientific theories must be able to be falsified, not correct under all circumstances, and cannot be corrected. Fourth, scientific theory must have a clear application category, which can only be applied under certain conditions and in certain fields, rather than omnipotent and all-encompassing.

From an empirical point of view, first, scientific theories must have predictions that can be tested by experiments or observations, not just fantasies. Second, in fact, there have been confirmed predictions, that is, a scientific theory can not only be falsified, but also has never been confirmed, otherwise such a theory is invalid. Third, the test results must be independently repeatable by others. Fourth, there must be certain standards to distinguish between true and false data. What is normal, what is abnormal, what is systematic error, and what is accidental error should be clearly distinguished, rather than arbitrarily explaining the results according to your own needs.

We must be compatible with other effective parallel theories, we must not ignore the existence of other theories, we must not be self-contained or even exclusive, and we must overthrow all scientific theories.