Why is the northern dialect easy to understand and the southern dialect difficult to understand?

As a baby who strictly belongs to the north. I have studied this aspect since I came to Guangdong. Because I found that there are three dialects in Guangdong alone: Cantonese, Chaoshan dialect and Hakka dialect. They are very different from each other. Most of them can understand my hometown dialect. They speak the dialect of their hometown. . . I can only understand: lightning throwing, hi-seeking, fake traffic jams and other uncivilized. But when I travel to northern cities, I can basically understand their dialects. It's no big problem for me to speak dialect or Mandarin.

Later, I summed up why the northern dialect is very pleasant to listen to, but the southern dialect is very complicated, probably for the following reasons:

1. At present, Chinese linguists have different opinions on the division of modern Chinese dialects. Most people think that there are seven dialects in modern Chinese: Northern Dialect (Mandarin), Hakka Dialect, Hunan Dialect, Wu Dialect, Min Dialect, Cantonese Dialect and Gan Dialect. Mandarin dialect is the basic dialect of the common language of modern Han nationality, with high internal consistency. According to its linguistic features, it can be generally divided into northeastern mandarin, BeijingMandarin, Jilu Mandarin, Jiaoliao Mandarin, Zhongyuan Mandarin, Lanyin Mandarin, Southwest Mandarin and Jianghuai Mandarin. This shows that even though there are differences in northern dialects, they are still the same on the whole. The south is divided into many language families, which are complicated, so it is relatively difficult to understand.

2. Putonghua is the modern standard Chinese widely used in People's Republic of China (PRC) (China), which is based on the northern dialect (Putonghua), with Yanqing as the standard pronunciation and typical modern vernacular as the grammatical norm. As the political, economic and cultural center of China, Beijing has lasted for more than 800 years. Due to the concentration of economy and politics, the influence of Beijing dialect has gradually increased and its status has become increasingly important. On the one hand, Beijing dialect, as an official common language, has spread all over the country, becoming an "official dialect" and gradually becoming a "common language" commonly used among dialect areas; On the other hand, vernacular literature works based on northern dialects, especially operas since Yuan and Ming Dynasties, are also more influenced by Beijing dialect. In this way, Beijing dialect has laid a solid foundation for the standard pronunciation of the common language of the Han nationality. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the common language of the Han nationality, based on the northern dialect and taking Beijing dialect as the standard pronunciation, had actually formed. The Putonghua of New China is based on the pronunciation of Beijing Mandarin (different from Beijing Hutong Dialect), which has been partially revised (mainly absorbing the characteristics of Luanping Dialect, such as directness, clearness and clearness). Taking Luanping dialect as the main standard-Luanping dialect is accurate and clear, with clear pronunciation and clear pronunciation. Its intonation is slightly "hard" and crisp than that of Beijing dialect at that time, and it is direct, clear and definite, especially without the pronunciation habits of Beijing Hutong pronunciation, such as tongue rolling, word saving and ending, which is easy to learn and popularize.

The influence of Beijing dialect itself, coupled with the vigorous promotion of Putonghua, makes the northern dialect easier to understand. However, the southern dialect has never had an official status (it has not become the language promoted by the rulers), so it is relatively more difficult to understand and more difficult to understand.

3. From the appearance of language in the development period. The terrain in the north is mainly plain and the south is mainly mountainous. Compared with mountain transportation, the plain terrain is easier, the population is more concentrated, the trade is more developed, and regional exchanges are more frequent, which promotes the collision and integration between different cultures in the north and increases the sense of identity. But there are many mountains in the south, and the traffic is relatively difficult. Many mountainous areas used to be natural barriers, blocking communication. There are few cultural exchanges between different regions, so it is difficult to collide and merge. So many different dialects have been formed. Moreover, the south belonged to wasteland in ancient times, with complex terrain, tight land resources and zero population distribution. This place is generally used as a place of exile and is not taken seriously. Economic backwardness has further hindered foreign communication and exchanges. Until the Anshi Rebellion, the economic center of gravity began to move southward, the Northern Song Dynasty perished, the Song Dynasty crossed southward, and the Southern Song Dynasty began, which marked the shift of China's economic center of gravity to the southeast. China has formed a stable economic structure in which the southern economy leads the northern region, and the most developed Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions in the south have long been the national economic center.

This is my analysis. Please correct me if there are any mistakes. I went to continue learning Cantonese and went to TAT.