An interesting little story in the history of electric power development

There are three important people in the electric field.

The first oster

1820 in April, there was a lecture in the evening, and Oster demonstrated the experiment of current magnetic effect. When the primary battery is connected to the platinum wire, the small magnetic needle near the platinum wire swings. This unremarkable phenomenon did not attract the attention of the audience, but Oster was very excited. He studied it deeply for three months in a row. On July 2 1820, he announced the experiment.

Oster connected one end of the wire to the positive electrode of galvani battery, and the wire was placed parallel to the small magnetic needle in the north-south direction. When the other end of the wire is connected to the negative electrode, the magnetic needle immediately points to the east-west direction. Non-magnetic objects such as glass plate, sawdust and stone are inserted between the wire and the magnetic needle, even if the small magnetic needle is immersed in a copper box filled with water, the magnetic needle will still deflect.

Oster believes that there is a "current surge" around the live wire. This impact can only act on magnetic particles, but it can pass through non-magnetic objects. When magnetic substances or particles are impacted, they are prevented from passing through, so they are driven to deflect.

When the wire is placed under the magnetic needle, the small magnetic needle deflects in the opposite direction; If the wire is placed horizontally in the east-west direction, the magnetic needle will always remain stationary regardless of whether the wire is placed above or below the magnetic needle.

He believes that the current shock propagates along the spiral line with the wire as the axis, and the thread direction is perpendicular to the axis. This is a description of the lateral effect of the image.

Although Oster's explanation of magnetic effect is not completely correct, it does not affect the great significance of this experiment. It is proved that electricity and magnetic energy are mutually transformed, which lays the foundation for the development of electromagnetism.

The second Faraday

Faraday's story

Faraday was born in a very poor blacksmith's family. His father is really poor. Little Faraday grew up hungry. He later recalled that sometimes his parents only gave him a loaf of bread a week.

Poor as this, Faraday certainly didn't go to school. He has been a page boy and a newsboy since he was a child. 13 years old, apprenticed in a bookstore. At that time, books, periodicals and newspapers were all luxuries. Little Faraday specially delivers newspapers to subscribers and runs from house to house after delivery. Later, I began to learn binding and read books after binding.

Faraday once bound a book called Chemical Dialogue. He was fascinated by the book, bought medicine with the only money he had, and began to do experiments according to the words in the book. From then on, he became interested in science.

Faraday read more and more books, so he used waste paper to make notebooks, extracted all kinds of materials, and sometimes accompanied by illustrations in his notes. He learned a lot about electricity from the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Later, Faraday went to listen to the popular science report of the famous scientist David and presented the notebook to David. On the recommendation of David, Faraday became an assistant in the laboratory of the Royal Society, and Faraday embarked on the road of scientific research.

At that time, scientists thought that since electric current could generate a magnetic field, the magnetic field should also generate electricity. However, David and Faraday have studied 10 years, but they have not found a way to generate electricity by using magnetic field. Even so, Faraday is not discouraged, and he is confident of making a breakthrough in magnetic energy power generation.

183 1 In August, Faraday made a new device. He wound a circle of copper wire on half of an iron ring with a diameter of 6 inches and connected it to an ammeter. The other half of the iron ring is also wound with a set of coils, and then connected to the power supply.

"Close the door!" Faraday saw the pointer of the ammeter swinging. However, when he looked again, the pointer of the ammeter pointed to zero again. Why? Faraday decided to turn off the power and do the experiment again. Who knows, when the power is turned off, the pointer shakes again, but this time it is in the opposite direction. Faraday always hoped that the second coil would generate a continuous current, but the experimental results always "induced" the current only at the moment of switching.

Faraday is good at thinking as well as experimenting. He thinks that current should be induced by a moving magnetic field. So, he inserted a bar magnet into the hollow coil, the pointer on the galvanometer swung, and the magnet finally generated electricity.

After Faraday became famous, countries around the world awarded him 94 honorary titles, but he said, "I admit that these honors are valuable, but I have never worked hard for them." "Scientists should not be admirers of individuals, but should be admirers of things. Seeking truth should be his only goal. "

The third Addison

Eddie started his hard career at the age of 12. He worked as a newspaper boy on the train, learned the technology of delivering newspapers, and has been to Boston and new york. It was not until he was 24 years old that he had his own factory and a happy family. Edison announced in 1878 that he would invent a safe electric lamp with soft light and low price. In order to find a suitable filament, Edison tried boron, ruthenium, chromium, carbon and various metal alloys, *** 1600 materials, which lasted 13 months, but all failed. Someone blew a cold wind and said that Edison "ate something that could not be chewed" this time. A physicist who once worked for Edison called this experiment "looking for a needle in a haystack". However, Edison was not afraid of failure, insisted on the experiment and made up his mind to fish out a needle from the sea. Where there is a will, there is a way. 1879 65438+1October 10 At 5 pm on Sunday, Edison lit the light bulb with carbonized cotton thread. He personally observed and recorded it. This time, the light bulb is bright and stable, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, ... The light bulb is always on. From 19 and 20 to 2 1, no one went to rest. Until 2 1 2 pm, Edison asked his assistant to raise the voltage a little, and the light bulb was brighter at the 45th hour. After a few minutes, the filament finally burned out. The New York Herald Tribune reported the success of the light bulb experiment in a full page. Edison got all the patents, and it is recognized that he invented the incandescent lamp. /kloc-On New Year's Eve in 0/879, Edison lit 60 light bulbs and hung them in Monroe Park. It was snowing heavily, and more than 3000 people came to visit it.

Edison was a pragmatic man. His motto is: "I seek what human beings need, and then I will take a step forward and try to invent it." Some people say that invention is the product of fate and Edison is a genius. Edison sighed and said, "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration!" " When someone asked him how he persisted in inventing the light bulb after 654.38 million failures, he said that he had never failed in this process; On the contrary, he found 6.5438+0 million invalid methods. The 3,400 notes he wrote in his life recorded the inventive ideas and experiments in detail, which is a strong evidence of this passage. When Edison was 77 years old, someone asked him, "When will you retire?" He blurted out, "The day before my funeral!" Once, someone asked Edison half jokingly, "Do you agree to give science ten annual holidays?" Edison replied seriously: "Science will never take a day off. It has been working every minute for hundreds of millions of years, and it will continue to work like this. " Indeed, Edison fulfilled his promise. He is over 80 years old. In order to "make more inventions", he is still working diligently to extract latex from weeds in his country.

And Thomson is also an important person. He discovered electrons, but about his discovery of electrons.

More professional knowledge.

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