Build a house in classical Chinese

1. How to express "architecture" in classical Chinese "Architecture" is a disyllabic word, which consists of two synonyms "Jian" and "Zhu". Monosyllabic words are commonly used in classical Chinese, and only one of them is needed. Besides construction, there are also: construction, operation, maintenance and repair.

I. Basic information

Title structure

Pinyin Jiàn Zhu (Jiàn Zhu, Taiwan Province Province)

I don't know, Athena Chu.

British architecture

Second, the basic explanation

【 Jinàn zhú 【 Construction; Structure; Erection]: refers to building houses, roads and bridges, similar to traditional masons.

Architectural sculpture. -Cai Yuanpei's "Photo Collection"

Look at the architecture.

Painting and architecture.

Or a building.

Build a tall building.

Build a bridge

Construction Ji' anzhuang

[architecture; Architecture; Building; Structure] Buildings, such as houses, bridges, water conservancy, tunnels and other ancient buildings.

Third, quotation and explanation.

1, building; Establish.

Chen Qing Kang Qi's "Yan Xiang Xia Ji" Volume 7: "(Nian Gengyao) built a river Yang fort, not asking questions, giving money." Lao She's "Four Generations under One Family" 50: "Supporting the regime with secret agents is equivalent to building a house on the beach." Ba Jin's "Spring Grass": "People who build their happiness on the suffering of others and maintain their happiness in various ways will not live long."

2, refers to buildings, such as houses, bridges, etc.

Bing Xin's To a Little Reader 18: "I didn't see anything during the holiday, only a few great school buildings."

1989 Suixian Chronological Ancient Building: "Yuanjiashan (Yuan Keli), ... is surrounded by shallow water, and the whole building looks like a boat floating on the water."

2. What is the next article in the classical Chinese "Building a house with logs"? In order to build a house, Levin, a doctor in the Song Dynasty, sent someone to cut down a batch of wood in his fief.

As soon as the timber arrived at the homestead, he found craftsmen and urged them to start building the house on the same day. The craftsmen can see at a glance that the wood piled on the ground is still some trunk with skin that has not even cleaned the branches.

Where the bark falls off, a shiny, wet white wood core is exposed; At the break of the trunk, there is also a burst of resin fragrance. How can you build a house with this kind of wood at once? So the craftsman should say to Levin, "We can't do it yet.

The freshly cut wood contains too much water, and its texture is flexible, so it is easy to bend after being smeared with mud to bear the load. At first glance, houses built with this kind of wood are not much different from those built with dry wood, but with the passage of time, houses built with wet wood are easy to collapse. "

After listening to the craftsman, Levin smiled coldly. He said smartly, "As you can see, isn't there a problem that wet wood bends easily after bearing the load?" However, you didn't expect that wet wood would become hard when it was dry, and thin mud would become lighter when it was dry.

After the house was built, it didn't take long for the wood and soil to dry up. At that time, houses supported lighter soil with hard wood. How could they collapse? "In practice, craftsmen only know that the life span of houses built with wet wood is not long, but they are also embarrassed to tell a detailed truth.

Therefore, craftsmen have to follow Levin's instructions. Although it is inconvenient to level wet wood with axes and chisels, craftsmen still overcome all kinds of difficulties and build the skeleton of the house according to the size and specifications.

After plastering the mud, the new house will be finished. At the beginning of those days, Levin should be quite proud that he moved into a new house quickly.

He thinks this is the result of persuading craftsmen with his own mind. But as time goes on, the new house that Levin responded to is more and more inclined to one side.

Anxiety replaced his optimism. Levin moved out of the house for fear of an accident.

Before long, the house finally collapsed. Lai Wenying's house collapsed after living for a short time, which shows that we should respect practical experience and objective laws in everything we do, and we should not be subjective and reckless.

Otherwise, there will be no impunity.

3. The story of building only the third floor There was a very rich man in ancient times, but he was extremely stupid.

He visited a rich family and saw a three-story building, which was spacious, tall, solemn, gorgeous, bright and airy. He was very envious and thought, "I have no less money than him." Why didn't I build such a building before? " So he immediately called a carpenter and asked, "Do you know how to build a beautiful three-story building like his home?" The carpenter replied, "I built that building in his house." The rich man said, "please build me a building now!" " "So the carpenter cleaned the foundation, surveyed the land, made bricks and prepared to build a house.

When the fool saw his arrangement, he became suspicious and could not understand it. He asked him, "What are you doing?" The carpenter replied, "This is the material for building three floors." The fool said, "I don't want to build the next two floors. You build the top floor for me first."

The carpenter replied, "There is no such thing!" How can you build a second floor without building the ground floor! How to build the third floor without building the second floor! "Fool stubbornly said," I just don't want the bottom two layers. You must build me the top one. " Some people laughed at him when they heard the story: "It's strange, it's ridiculous. How can the second and third floors above be built without covering the lower floor? "Just like among the four generations of disciples of Sakyamuni Buddha, some people are disrespectful and practice the three treasures of respecting Buddha, law and monk, but they are lazy and want to correct the fruit. So he said, "I don't need the three fruits of Suda, Stuhan and Anahan now, I just want to achieve the highest fruit of the fourth Siraitia grosvenorii. "

This was also laughed at by people at that time, no different from this fool.

4. Classical Chinese translation and foundation.

To build a garden, the hall is the main foundation. First consider the landscape layout. You'd better sit facing south. If you want to plant tall trees, plant a few in the atrium. Enlarge the fence, leave more layout space, build main buildings such as buildings in the most suitable places, and decorate the rest with pavilions. Style should be adapted to local conditions, integrated with the environment, and properly afforested. The location is not limited to the geomantic omen of the house, but the direction of opening the door must match the hall.

In landscaping, the lower it is, the more suitable it is to build a pool, which should be tortuous. There should be hydrophilic platforms along the coast, small bridges and flowing water to create twists and turns in a limited space; The higher the height, the more suitable for going up the mountain. Because of its form and greening, terraces and pavilions follow suit. Observe the feeling that "water flows through the sky and the mountains are empty".

The water of willow lotus is smart, and the mountain of plum and bamboo is quiet. Dense overcast, overcast in summer, scattered shadows, sudden autumn. It is very elegant to follow the saying of the ancients that "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, thinking of pottery, going upstairs to remember the foolish old man".

1, hall base

Since ancient times, halls have been divided into three or five rooms. Depending on the size of the place, four rooms will do, and four and a half rooms will do. There are no rooms left. Three and a half rooms will do. The twists and turns and the change of space depth are all in that half place. All architectural gardens take this as an example.

2. Pavilion base

Pavilions and pavilions are arranged at the back of the hall in order, which means that you can climb the water and overlook it. There are two floors and three floors. Seen from the bottom, it is a building, with the waist in line with the mountain. When you get to the next floor, you will be suddenly enlightened.

3. Gatehouse Foundation

Although the garden building has no fixed orientation, the gatehouse must be consistent with the hall.

4. Learning base

Learning places can be built together or in the main building alone, but it must be quiet and no outsiders can enter. The interior or sub-rooms, halls, rooms and rooms, depending on the place, take the meaning of elegance and tranquility. If it is built separately, the foundation can refer to the planning of the part where the hall is half-built, and create a tortuous and local form.

5. Pavilion and Shoe Machine

Pavilion or hidden flower room, or near the water. The pavilion will be built between the flowers; The pavilion is not necessarily by the water, by the spring, in the bamboo forest, at the top of the mountain, by the deep stream. The style is generally good, and the position is not fixed.

6. Gallery Foundation

The veranda should set aside a place in advance, in front of the house and behind it, winding and secluded, gradually leaving the main body of the building, going up and down the mountain, taking the natural trend and showing the level of the landscape.

7. rockery base

Most rockeries are built by water, and the area depends on the height. If it is high, it will take up space. If it is big, it should not be built in the middle, and it should not be too scattered.

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Generally speaking, forgive my inaccuracy!

After investigation, Professor Zhang Jiaji wrote The Complete Solution of Gardening and Metallurgy-A Study of the World's Oldest Famous Gardening Works.

5. Four classical Chinese translations: The Story of the Bamboo House in Huangzhou New Town, Sima Shu, Father and Hanging Nephew Horse, and Wang's Bamboo House in Huangzhou Town. There are many bamboos in Huanggang, which are as big as rafters.

Bamboo workers break bamboo and shave off bamboo joints instead of tiles made of clay, which is the case in every household, because it is cheap and can save working hours. Northwest corner of Huanggang city.

The battlements on the city collapsed, and the trees were overgrown and deserted, so I built two small buildings in this place, which were connected with the Moon Wave Building. (Standing on the bamboo building) You can see the mountains in the distance, and the water waves on the river are in your arms. This place is quiet and gives a broad impression.

This place sounds like a waterfall when it rains in summer; When it snows heavily in winter, it sounds like jade. This place is suitable for playing the piano, high and smooth; This place is suitable for poetry, and the poetry is loud and beautiful; This place is suitable for playing Go, and the pieces jingle on the board. This place is suitable for throwing pots, and the sound of the thrown arrows hitting the pots clanks: (This joyful sound) It's all the help of this bamboo house.

When I came back from a business trip, I wore a coat made of bird feathers, covered with a Huayang towel, held a roll of Zhouyi in my hand, lit incense, and sat silently in front of the incense burner to eliminate those worldly thoughts in my heart. Beyond mountains and rivers, I can only see sails in the wind, birds on the beach, smoke clouds and bamboo in front of me.

When the wine strength gradually dissipated, the smoke from the tea stove gradually stopped, sending away the sunset and welcoming jathyapple, which was also a scene of my exile. Yun Qi Building and Meteor Building are very tall! Jinggan Building and Lijie Building are really beautiful! But they are only used to accommodate geisha, not poets, and I don't appreciate such a place.

I heard a bamboo worker say, "Bamboo tiles can only be used for ten years, and with a layer of bamboo tiles, they can be used for twenty years." Ah! I was demoted from Hanlin to Chuzhou at the end of Taoism as B; Soldiers were transferred to Yangzhou; Ding Younian returned to Beijing to enter Zhongshu Province; On the eve of the Reform Movement of 1898, I received an order from Qi 'an (Huangzhou).

In March of the following year, I went to Huangzhou County. During these four years, I have been running around and have no leisure; I wonder where it will be next year! Where am I afraid of bamboo house decay? I hope that people who come to Huangzhou have the same interests with me in the future, and then I will build a velvet bamboo building, hoping that this bamboo building will last forever.

Diary of August 15th, second year of Xianping. Answering Sima's suggestion Ann Shi Qi: Thank you for your letter yesterday.

I think you and I have been friends for a long time, but we often don't get along when discussing political affairs. This is because we have adopted different political views. If you insist on explaining, I'm afraid you may not listen in the end, so in the past, I simply wrote back to you instead of explaining myself one by one.

But I have repeatedly thought that you value me very much. I shouldn't be hasty in repeated debates, so now I will explain in detail the reasons for implementing the new law, hoping to get your understanding. What are scholars arguing about, especially the relationship between name and reality?

When the name is understood, the truth of the world becomes clear. Now you have written to advise me to overstep my authority, cause trouble, plunder money and refuse criticism, so I have been resented and slandered by everyone in the world.

But I think, entrusted by the emperor, studying the legal system, discussing and amending it in the court, and then handing it over to full-time officials for execution, can't be called ultra vires; Carrying out the political affairs carried out by the former king, promoting the advantages and eliminating the disadvantages, can not be called trouble; Managing money for the country cannot be called changing money; Refuting heresy and accusing the bad guys cannot be called refusing to criticize. As for a lot of resentment and slander, I have long expected it.

It's not a day when people are used to muddling along. Most scholar-officials don't think about state affairs, go with the flow and please everyone. If the emperor wants to change this situation, and I don't consider the number of people who oppose it, and I want to help the emperor fight against these people, how can everyone not make a fuss? When Pan Geng moved to the capital, people resented it, not just the literati in the imperial court.

Pan Geng won't change his plan just because someone complains. This is because he acted after considering whether it was reasonable or not, and thought that what he did was right, so he had nothing to regret.

If you blame me for being in office for a long time, I haven't been able to help the emperor do many things for the benefit of the people. Then, I confess my sins; If we should do nothing now, but stick to the rules, then I dare not learn.

I really admire not having the chance to meet. "With my nephew Hong", my nephew's nephew pushed the official: I received your letter and the latest poem you sent. Elegant writing, rich in art and science. My inner joy and joy can't be expressed.

My nephew, your manners are superb and elegant, just like those of us who are literate and can write articles. When they suddenly see the syntax of your article become like this, they probably want to live up to my intention of cultivating and educating you. A gentleman should serve his parents, make achievements in virtue and conduct, and be a saint.

Make a name for yourself. The article is just rice in the national granary.

It's true, I will never lie to you. I also heard that you neglected your career by drinking and writing poems. Although this is a small problem, you have to try to get rid of it.

You can't ignore the trivial matters of official business. I once made the mistake of neglecting my official duties because of drinking and writing poems. It is a good thing to learn more from my failure. That statement is very credible! Deng Lao's ancestors also loved you very much, and I also talked about this when I mentioned you.

I sincerely hope to cherish (get rid of shortcomings) without mentioning them one by one. Jiu Shu wrote.

"And Wang Lizhi" often thinks that you have the spirit of continuous progress, and I really want to communicate with you in language. You and I are far apart, and business and personal affairs are urgent. I have no free time, I can only appreciate you from a distance.

Thank you for writing to me. It is a comfort to know that you are in good health. When will your family go back to Huaizhou? The reply, sentence and content sent to Qin Guan just take care of each other. Well done.

If you read all the classics and history books thoroughly, and make words and phrases forceful, you will be worthy of the ancients. Have you read Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long and Liu Zixuan's General History? Although the comments are not profound, you cannot comment on the shortcomings of ancient articles without reading these two books.

I spent time writing this letter on Korean paper. There are many things, and the letters are scribbled.