At the same time, Sun Quan attacked Hefei in the south. Cao Cao had no choice but to order Zhang Liao, Yue Jin, and Li Dianxing to rush to Hefei at night; leaving Cao Ren and Xu Huang to guard Jiangli

At the same time, Sun Quan attacked Hefei in the south. Cao Cao had no choice but to order Zhang Liao, Yue Jin, and Li Dianxing to rush to Hefei at night; leaving Cao Ren and Xu Huang to guard Jiangling, he retreated to Xuchang. A year later, Cao Cao ordered Cao Ren and Xu Huang to withdraw from Jiangling and defend Xiangyang and Fancheng. Most of Jingzhou fell into the hands of Liu Bei and Sun Quan. In 209, Sun Quan attacked Hefei from the east, but was blocked by Liu Fu in Hefei. Cao Cao's army of more than 100,000 was defeated by the Sun-Liu coalition with only 50,000 to 60,000. The main reason was that the epidemic of schistosomiasis and acclimatization caused the northern army to lose its combat effectiveness. The main subjective reason was that Cao Cao was too proud and underestimated the enemy; The coalition forces took full advantage of all the favorable conditions, so winning was a matter of course. In the Battle of Chibi, Cao Cao lost all his naval forces, and Liu Bei and Sun Quan greatly increased their strength after the Battle of Chibi. Cao Cao lost the opportunity to unify China in a short period of time, which had a considerable impact on future generations. 3 Battle of Yiling and Xiaoting (Burning Camp)

The Battle of Yiling during the Three Kingdoms period determined the fate of the Shu Kingdom. The Burning Camp was 700 miles away and Liu Bei defeated Xiaoting. This is This battle is one of the famous battles in which fewer people win more than more.

At the end of the Later Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms stood in power. Wu and Luo are equally powerful, with Wei being the strongest. In order to retaliate against Soochow for attacking Jingzhou and killing Guan Yu, Liu Bei ignored the advice of Zhuge Liang and Zhao Yun and raised more than 700,000 troops to conquer Soochow himself.

Sun Quan first sent the young Sun Huan, and then the old Gan Ning and other generals to stop Liu Bei, but they were all defeated by Liu Bei. Sun Quan was so anxious that he had no choice but to give Zhang Fei's murderers Fan Jiang and Zhang Da to Liu Bei, and was willing to give up Jingzhou to seek peace. Liu Bei refused and had to destroy Soochow.

After that, Sun Quan appointed Lu Xun as the governor.

Liu Bei's troops went out from spring to summer, but they failed to defeat the main force of Soochow. It was midsummer and the weather was extremely hot. The soldiers of the Shu army could not stand the steaming heat and complained endlessly. Liu Bei had no choice but to let the navy leave the ship and go ashore, and together with the army, they set up more than 40 interconnected military camps near the ravines, mountain streams, and dense woods to avoid the heat, rest and reorganize the army, and wait until the autumn cool before launching a large-scale attack on the Wu army. . Ma Liang felt something was wrong and advised Liu Bei: "If we set up camp like this, should we ask the Prime Minister for his opinion?" Liu Bei said: "I know the art of war very well, why bother asking Kong Ming."

Lu Xun saw the Shu army's battle line drawing The victory was too long, the troops were scattered, the soldiers were tired, and their morale was low. They thought that the conditions were ripe for a counterattack.

In order to make the counterattack sure of victory, Lu Xun first sent a small force to conduct a tentative attack on a camp of the Shu army. As a result of the battle, the Wu army suffered a loss, but Lu Xun had already found a way to defeat the Shu army. The way is to attack with fire. Lu Xun ordered the water soldiers to load thatch in boats and transport it quickly to the designated location; the land soldiers each took a handful of thatch, and sulfur, saltpeter and other fire starters were hidden in the thatch. As soon as they arrived at the Shu camp, they set fire to the wind.

The Wu army launched another fire attack and another sudden attack. The Shu army was unprepared and fell into chaos. Taking advantage of the fire, Wu armies from all walks of life launched counterattacks at the same time, and successively broke through more than 40 camps of the Shu army. Shu generals Zhang Nan and Feng Xi could not resist and were killed by Wu soldiers. In panic, Liu Bei turned his horse and fled towards Ma'an Mountain in Yiling. Liu Bei fled to Ma'anshan. Lu Xun's troops surrounded Ma'anshan and set fire to the mountain from all sides. Liu Bei had no choice but to take the remaining defeated soldiers, fight a bloody road, and escape westward. Wu Jun followed closely, and Liu Bei quickly ordered the personnel at the stations along the way to gather military supplies and armor abandoned by soldiers, pile them on the main roads, set them on fire, block the mountain roads, and block the pursuers. Fu Shu, the Shu general responsible for breaking up the rear, persisted in fighting and led his men to rush and kill. He was seriously injured and fought to the death, allowing Liu Bei to escape from his pursuers and escape to Baidi City (today's Fengjie County, Sichuan Province). Not long after, Liu Bei also died in Baidi City.

4. Battle of Hanba

5 Battle of Hefei

Cao Wei Fang (defender):

General: Zhang Liao, deputy general: Le Jin, Li Dian Troop strength: 7,000

Sun Wufang (attacking side):

Leading general: Sun Quan, deputy general: Ling Tong and Gan Ning are certain, and the rest are unknown.

Troop strength: 100,000

Pre-war situation:

Sun Quan used all the strength of the country to win Hefei. The strength ratio of the two sides was 14:1, and Cao Cao was far away in Hanzhong. Water cannot save near fire.

Battle progress:

1: Outpost battle:

Originally, outpost battle generally refers to tentative mutual attacks between the two sides, but due to the particularity of this battle, This made the outpost battle the key to the entire battle of Hefei.

After receiving Cao Cao's instructions, Zhang Liao analyzed the current situation and then made a bold decision: to take the initiative. He recruited 800 warriors and launched an assault on Wu's army the next day, causing Wu's army to be temporarily confused and unable to fight. Later, although Zhang Liao was surrounded by people, he was helpless and brave, and he broke through the siege several times. After fighting fiercely for half a day, all their energy was lost. Cao Jun stabilized the morale of the army and improved morale.

Analysis:

For Cao Jun, this battle has the following characteristics:

1: Necessity: This battle must be fought because of the strength of both sides The difference is too big. Our reinforcements are far away and our military morale is shaken. If we cannot effectively attack the opponent's morale to stabilize our own military morale, we will definitely not be able to defend the city even if we defend the city. So Zhang Liao said, "The chance of success or failure lies in one fell swoop."

2: Danger: This battle can be said to be a narrow escape for Zhang Liao and the 800 warriors. Because this battle is a frontal assault, not a sneak attack. After all, the opponent has an army of 100,000. Our commando team is less than one percent of the opponent's strength. If there is a slight mistake, the entire army will be annihilated. Moreover, this battle can only be won, not lost. Once it fails, it means the failure of the entire battle.

3: Feasibility: For Zhang Liao, this battle is not impossible to win. One: "Surprise and attack unprepared". The opponent's military strength is far greater than ours. It is inevitable that we will underestimate the enemy and our precautions will be relatively lax. From the generals to the soldiers, no one would have thought that an enemy with only one-tenth of the strength would dare to take the initiative to attack. Moreover, the siege was not completed and the position was not stable, which gave Zhang Liao an opportunity to take advantage of. Second: Wu Jun, with such superior strength, will definitely think that it will win. With this kind of thinking, the generals and soldiers lack the determination to fight vigorously or even to the death, and their combat effectiveness is reduced. On the other hand, on our side, from Zhang Liao onwards, the commando personnel A person who has the awareness of death and the determination to win (both are indispensable), has a strong fighting spirit and strong fighting ability.

In the end, Zhang Liao won this difficult battle with eight hundred warriors. The result is that the enemy "the Wu people seize the Qi", while on our own side "the hearts of the people are at peace and the generals are convinced".

Two: Stalemate stage:

This stage is relatively simple. Sun Quan besieged Hefei for more than ten days and could not break the city and could only retreat.

Since Zhang Liao won the outpost battle, the momentum of the two sides was ebbing and flowing. Sun Quan had an army of 100,000, but he could not break Hefei City, which had only 7,000 defenders. This shows that the morale of the battle was at a loss. important role.

Three: Epilogue:

Sun Quan retreated, and all the troops took the road. Only Sun Quan, Ling Tong, and Gan Ning were behind, but Zhang Liao suddenly led his army to pursue him. , dispersed Wu Jun's rear team, and almost captured three people. Sun Quan jumped on his horse to Xiaoyaojin, but Ling Tong's entire army was wiped out, and he only escaped after fighting to the death.

Zhang Liao is very good at seizing opportunities. On the other hand, Sun Quan almost made another fatal mistake here. If it was due to underestimating the enemy at the beginning, then it was a complete command error here. It can be said that our own side returned in defeat, but they did not pay attention to the pursuing troops at all.

Post-war evaluation:

Cao Cao: When Taizu followed the Liao War, he sighed for a long time.

Cao Pi: The use of troops has never been used since ancient times, and thieves have been deprived of their strength to this day.

Soochow: After hearing Zhang Liao’s name, the children did not dare to cry at night.

Overall analysis:

This battle can be said to be a classic example of defeating more with less in the history of the Three Kingdoms. In an extremely unfavorable situation, Zhang Liao calmly analyzed the situation, made correct decisions, took the lead and fought bravely, so that his side finally defeated the powerful enemy and won the victory.

However, when Sun Quan's own strength was superior, he had the idea of ??underestimating the enemy, lacked the correct response method to the opponent's surprise attack, and made serious mistakes in command. It can be concluded that Sun Quan is not good at military affairs.

6. Battle of Yanzhou

In the third year of Chuping (192), the third year of Emperor Xian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, during Cao Cao’s war to unify the north, Cao Cao, the prefect of Dongjun, fought in Shouzhang (now southwest of Dongping, Shandong). ) area to defeat the Yellow Turban Army.

The Qingzhou Yellow Turban Army entered the Dongping and Rencheng areas of Yanzhou with a huge and unstoppable momentum. Liu Dai, the governor of Yanzhou, underestimated the enemy, refused to listen to the dissuasion of Jibei Prime Minister Bao Xin, and went to war rashly, and was killed by the Yellow Turban Army. Chen Gong, a general in Cao Cao's ministry, suggested that Liu Dai be killed and Yanzhou would be left without an owner. It could be used as the basis for hegemony to fight for the world. He recommended himself to persuade Liu Dai's troops and invite Cao Cao to preside over the state affairs. Bao Xin was originally friendly with Cao Cao, and he was recommended by Cao Cao for the post of Prime Minister of Jibei. He went to Dongjun (governing Puyang, southwest of today's Puyang, Henan Province) to welcome Cao Cao as the governor of Yanzhou (governing Changyi, southwest of today's Jinxiang, Shandong Province). Cao Cao immediately attacked Shouzhang's Yellow Turban Army but failed. Therefore, Cao Cao issued an explicit order to encourage his soldiers. In view of the Yellow Turban Army's weakness of having no logistical equipment and relying on plundering supplies, he adopted surprise tactics and attacked day and night so that they had nothing to plunder. Finally, they turned defeat into victory and won every battle. The Yellow Turban Army was forced to retreat north. Cao Cao followed and pursued it, but was defeated again in Jibei (governing Lu County, now south of Changqing City, Shandong Province). The Yellow Turban Army was desperate and wanted to surrender. In the winter of that year, Cao Cao accepted more than 300,000 surrendered soldiers and hundreds of thousands of family members, so he organized the strong and elite soldiers into an army, named Qingzhou Soldiers, and placed the old, weak, women and children in the fields.

Comments: In this battle, Cao Cao defeated the many with a small number. Not only did he obtain the Yanzhou base, but he also recruited tens of thousands of elite troops to become Cao Cao's basic troops, laying the foundation for Cao Cao's subsequent development.