What abilities do students majoring in electronic information engineering need to master during their college years?

Six years in Harbin Engineering University and four years in the electronic innovation laboratory of the school. In these four years, the Innovation Lab has provided me with a good learning environment and perfect experimental equipment. In the communication with many electronic enthusiasts, I learned more professional knowledge; Under the guidance of the school teacher, I learned how to be a qualified college student. Therefore, I would like to thank all previous leaders of Harbin Engineering University. My achievements today are due to their continuous improvement of the education system. I sincerely thank Professor Diao Ming, Professor Fu Yongqing and Professor Wang who have guided me. Without their training, there would be no me today. At the same time, I also hope that more electronic enthusiasts can join the innovation lab and make more outstanding achievements in the electronic industry while improving themselves.

In 2007, I introduced a set of teaching video courses about 5 1 single chip microcomputer with a brand-new teaching method-"Learn Single Chip Microcomputer in Ten Days". Since the video was published on the Internet, it has been well received by electronic enthusiasts, and many beginners of single-chip microcomputer have embarked on the road of single-chip microcomputer development through this video. Many students wrote or called me hoping that I could publish the contents of the video into a book to benefit more people. So from September 2007 to July 2008, it took me nearly ten months to finish writing this book. The writing style of this book is very similar to my lecture style in the teaching video, and it is completely different from the traditional single chip microcomputer book. I am holding the idea of learning from single-chip microcomputer, holding the attitude of how to master single-chip microcomputer more easily and combining theory with practice completely, and making the single-chip microcomputer part clear. Most of the rest of the content is my years of experience in doing projects, and some of the content comes from the essence summary of network electronics experts. It should be said that there is too much knowledge in this book that you can't usually learn in books. Here, I want to share my study and life experience in college with you first, so as to encourage you to cherish your college time, learn more cultural knowledge and create a better tomorrow.

My college

At the time of writing this article, I was in the preparation stage of my graduate thesis. Seeing that my college life was coming to an end, watching many junior students around me waste their time day by day, I felt sorry for them. At the end of my college life, I shared my meaningful life in college with you. After reading this article, I may be able to make those students with dreams take fewer detours in order to achieve their life goals. Everyone should believe in the university campus.

I graduated from Yining No.3 Middle School in Xinjiang. In 2002, I was admitted to the School of Information and Communication Engineering of Harbin Engineering University, majoring in electronic information engineering. In 2006, I was sent to Harbin Engineering University to study for a master's degree and innovate talents. Now is my last semester at school. I remember when I first entered school, I knew nothing about electronic knowledge. Before this, I prefer to do business, thinking about trying to start a company and do business in the future. So I first applied to the School of Economics and Management, but I was not admitted to the School of Economics and Management, and I was transferred to the Institute of Information and Communication. Now that I think about it, this is the right thing to do. Before I went to college, my dream was to be a monitor and a student union cadre after I went to college. So I joined the student union of the school from the freshman year, and I actively ran for class cadres. Later, as I hoped, I became a monitor and did a lot of work as a student union cadre. Because when I was a freshman, I didn't know what I wanted to study in college. I have classes every day. At that time, I didn't dare to escape a class. My daily life is to have classes, eat, play ball and football, and then go back to the dormitory to chat and sleep. I went shopping with several classmates on weekends, repeating the same life every week and chatting quietly, but I didn't feel wasted at that time. Maybe I still have the excitement of just leaving the high school campus, thinking that the ideal college life is like this.

In this way, the freshman year passed, and then I was a sophomore. Except for my high position in the student union, the rest of my sophomore year is no different from that of my freshman year. Nothing special happened. I occasionally escape from the nameless class and play basketball and football every day. One day soon after the second semester of Senior Two started, I quietly thought for a long time. I remembered my dream, the life I pursued and the life I yearned for. I have thought about what my future will be like if I live like this for another two years. I woke up that day. My major is electronic information engineering, so I must learn something about it. Almost two years, eating textbooks every day. Now I think my level is the same as that of high school. I study electronics and have been studying resistance since junior high school. It's been six or seven years now, and I haven't even seen what a resistor looks like. What is this electronics major? I felt that I couldn't go on like this, so I found another classmate, Lai Shixiong, and I said to him, "Let's go to the school's' May 4th Cup' electronic design competition!" He readily agreed. At that time, we really knew nothing about electronic knowledge and didn't know where to start. So we randomly found a small work similar to a telephone controller from an electronic magazine, copied all the component models in the schematic diagram of the magazine, and then we went to the electronic market to buy components. I don't have any professional knowledge when I buy electronic components for the first time. Many of the things we talked about were incomprehensible to the people who sold the components, and many jokes were made. A resistor was charged a dime, which is said to be really cheap! (In fact, a resistor is less than a penny). Finally, I bought a bunch of resistor-capacitor triodes, which added up to sixty or seventy dollars. When you come back, you are ready to weld according to someone else's schematic diagram. Obviously, this practice was doomed from the beginning and the result was doomed to failure. In desperation, we went to Professor Fu Yongqing, who taught us the basic course of circuit at that time. I told my teacher that we wanted to learn something real, but we couldn't start at all. Can you ask Mr. Fu to help us think about what to do? Mr. Fu is a very nice person. At that time, he was planning to select some hands-on and enterprising students from the lower grades of the school as innovative talents. Seeing that we had an idea, he said directly to us, "You two can come to my lab. Now I just take some senior students to do graduation design. You two learn from them first! " . At that time, because it was Mr. Fu's personal laboratory, the computer was not enough, so we moved the computer into the laboratory. From that day on, I really embarked on the road of electronic design. Teacher Fu also introduced us to a senior female classmate who is doing a graduation project. Her name is Huang Guangya. She is doing a project of laser communication between two computers. Lai Shixiong and I go to the lab every day to watch Huang Guangya's welding circuits and write programs. At that time, we were really confused and thought those things were amazing. We wrote several programs on the computer, pressed Enter, and saw a laser passing through our eyes, and then we could see the data of the whole screen scrolling on another computer. I have been busy with Huang Guangyu for a month, and I have a basic understanding of the hardware part of Huang Guangyu's work, but I still don't know much about the realization of the computer part. At that time, it happened to catch up with the May 4th Cup Electronic Design Competition of our school in 2004, and we borrowed Huang Guangya's works to apply for the qualification. On the day of the competition, we waited for the judges with a bunch of components and two computers that only knew some basic principles. At that time, the judges asked us many simple professional questions, such as what is the principle, how to modulate the signal, and what is the baud rate of transmission. To tell the truth, we don't know! At that time, I didn't even understand the concept of RS232 level, and I didn't hear the technical terms said by the judges. At that time, I told everything we knew, and I don't know which question corresponds to the judges. At that time, there were few entries in the May 4th Cup Electronic Competition in our school. The judges think that we are only sophomores, and our work is a relatively complete system, and there are basically no loopholes in our work. In order to encourage us, we were finally given a small prize.

After the May 4th Cup, Lai Shixiong moved his computer back to the dormitory from the laboratory. It's a pity that he gave up this road. My computer has been kept in Mr. Fu's lab. Speaking of which, there is an episode about me buying a computer. In the last semester of my sophomore year, many students bought computers, so did I. At that time, I didn't know what to learn after buying a computer. After buying the computer, students spend most of their time playing games and chatting on QQ. Some students can chat from morning till night, while those who play games can play from morning till night. My classmates suggested that I play Legend, saying it was very interesting. He registered an account for me. In the game, an animated character keeps chopping wild boar and deer with a big knife. He hacked a wild boar to death with a few knives, and then said, "You've seen a lot. How interesting! Come and play! " I took the mouse and chopped it three times. I racked my brains and couldn't figure out what he meant by interesting. Then I said, "How boring!" I started my game career that day, and ended my game career after three knives. I think online games are really boring. I don't like chatting about QQ any more, but I bought this computer, so it can't be useless. At that time, I really didn't know what computers could "play" with our major. In those days, the most work I did with the computer every day was to copy files from one partition to another, delete some unused files, and even delete all the files that could be deleted under the C disk, which finally led to the failure of the system to start. Why? After a few months, I found that I didn't seem to learn anything except copying and pasting. Later, I went to the bookstore to buy some books such as Photoshop for making Flash animations and photos, and learned those useless things every day after I came back. It's a pity to think about it now A lot of time was wasted at that time. Computers can really learn a lot. For our major, we need to learn C language, use Keil, WAVE, IAR, ICC and MPLAB software, and assembly language. When programming with the upper computer interface, you need to learn C++, VC++, VB and so on. When using CPLD/FPGA/SOPC, you need to learn VHDL and Verlog languages. When learning these languages, you can learn the use of Maxplus and Quartus software. When using simulation, you can learn to use Protues and Multisim software; When designing a circuit board, you can learn to use Protell, Altium Designer and Power PCB software. You can also learn CCS software of DSP, ADS software of ARM, STD software, etc. All these mentioned above depend on the computer system. Today, I seem to have mastered everything, but this is after I paid a huge price. If I can make good use of the wonderful time of my freshman and sophomore year, I believe I will be different today.

After moving out, Fu gave me the key to the laboratory. From that day on, the laboratory became my other home. At that time, I was the only one studying hardware in that laboratory, and I was also an undergraduate. Other masters and doctors mainly study theory, so few people do hardware. At that time, I couldn't tell the positive and negative electrodes of electrolytic capacitor. I asked several people in the laboratory with electrolytic capacitors, but they didn't know. Some people even say that this is something I have never seen before. This incident shocked me very much. Is this a high-level college student who has studied electronics for four years and studied for a master's degree for several years? It is really difficult for college graduates to find jobs now. You can't blame others, just because you really have no reason to let others need you. Occasionally, I heard from my former seniors that as a student of ICT college, if I learn MCU, C language and DSP, my future will be bright. So I began to learn MCU. At that time, there was no hardware experimental environment, and no one around me asked for advice. So I went online to find information and saw a single-chip learning board on the Internet. At that time, the price was quite expensive, but I still bought more than 300 single-chip learning boards. After I sent it back, I began to practice. I have read books several times before, but I found that reading books alone is ineffective. After ten or twenty times, I feel that I have learned the single chip microcomputer. Later, I looked up books while doing experiments, which made me understand very thoroughly. Since then, I have been to the laboratory before eight o'clock every morning. Except for some extracurricular classes, I stayed in the laboratory until the uncle who looked at the building told me to leave with his feet. At that time, I played single-chip microcomputer every day, and no one taught me. I did it all by myself, and I learned a very difficult assembly language at that time. I remember learning C language in my freshman year, but I found that I couldn't learn anything when I wanted to use it, just like I didn't learn it. I have to choose assembly language. About a month later, when the summer vacation came, I made my first single-chip microcomputer work, an electronic clock. Some people say that if you make an electronic clock with a single chip microcomputer, you will basically master 80% of the single chip microcomputer. This sentence makes sense, and the comprehensive requirements of electronic clocks for programming are still quite high.

At that time, I had a preliminary grasp of single chip microcomputer. During the holiday, I signed up for the 2004 Electronic Design Competition for College Students in Heilongjiang Province. From that day on, I moved into the electronic innovation laboratory of the school. The theme we choose is wireless data communication. At that time, our tutor asked us to use FPGA, including VC programming and C++ language. I didn't know what FPGA was at that time, so I began to study this knowledge desperately and eat in the laboratory every day. The provincial competition is different from the national competition. Pass on the topic first in the provincial competition and hand in the work two months later. In fact, learning FPGA/CPLD is the same as learning MCU. The key is to write your own program, write the program all the time, and then see the effect of the program running. In the past two months, I have made VHDL very skilled, but VC is a little poor. There are three people in our team. Besides me, there are Lu Zhichao (doing analog circuits) and Wei Xudong (PC VC program). Wei Xudong is from the School of Science of our school, and VC is very good. His VC programming is all his own amateur. I was watching when Wei Xudong was programming. He patiently explained every line and sentence to me, and I practiced it in my spare time. During that time, I had a preliminary understanding of VC. The result of the game was very good. We won the first prize in Heilongjiang Province, which is my second prize. This award gave me great encouragement. Then I found that I had to learn C language programming of single chip microcomputer. Assembly programming is very complicated, and a comprehensive talent can't just limit his knowledge to one aspect.

Since junior year, there have been various electronic design competitions in the school. I always actively sign up to find opportunities for exercise for myself. To this end, I gave up my favorite basketball and football and never went shopping again. I get up every morning, wash my face and brush my teeth. Then take the book to the laboratory, write programs in the laboratory during the day, adjust the circuit, do various hardware exercises, and come back at night to supplement theoretical knowledge, analog electricity, digital electricity and high frequency. Learning theory in isolation, without combining with the field to be applied, will lose the meaning of learning; If you just want to take the final exam, you may forget it after the second week. If we study like this, we can only say that we are studying in the wrong direction. If a person has a poor foundation in analog circuits, digital circuits and high-frequency electronic circuits, then he may not be able to design any good circuits. When doing hardware practice, you should read the theoretical knowledge in the book. This combination is the best. I repeat this monotonous life every day for about a year, and the anxiety I felt when I failed countless experiments was suppressed again and again by my persistent desire for knowledge; The experience of countless victories tells me that only by persisting and never giving up can we achieve the final victory. During this year, I participated in some national and school competitions and won many awards.

In the next semester of junior year, I am basically learning C language programming of single chip microcomputer, and I am further proficient in VC and C++ languages. When you really learn to write a singlechip program in C language, you can easily use the singlechip. Looking back, it took me a lot of time to learn assembly language. It would be great if someone had instructed me to learn C language programming of single chip microcomputer, at least I could avoid many detours. Many people say that it is best to learn assembly language first, but my experience tells you that it is absolutely unnecessary. Beginners can write single-chip microcomputer programs directly in C language from the beginning, which saves time, is easy to learn and will make rapid progress. Don't waste time to understand the internal structure of single chip microcomputer when you are just learning it, which will only hurt your confidence. When you learn programming, you will naturally master its internal structure step by step. In the summer vacation of junior year, I am preparing for the biennial "Sony Cup" national electronic design competition for college students. During the competition, the topic we chose was "Integrated Operational Amplifier Parameter Measuring Instrument", which was selected by our own team members after discussion. To tell the truth, I was really not sure about this topic at that time. After studying for two hours, we don't think we should choose this topic. Unfortunately, this topic is fixed and we can't change it. The game lasted only four days. I knew the topic at eight o'clock the first morning and was asked to hand in my homework at eight o'clock the next evening, so every minute is precious. Now that you have chosen a topic, you must stick to it no matter how difficult it is. Yu Zhennan of the Computer Department is mainly responsible for writing software. He is also familiar with hardware, and he taught himself entirely by interest. I was deeply impressed by his working attitude and hard-working spirit. We didn't sleep for four days and three nights, especially Yu Zhennan. He almost always sits in front of the computer and writes software. He hasn't slept a minute for dozens of hours. I didn't see when he ate. Finally, I saw his eyes crying all the time, of course not. It is looking at the computer screen. Because of the heavy workload, it is necessary to do hardware, write software, draw the circuit diagram of the whole system and write tens of thousands of words of papers in these four days and three nights. At that time, three people in our team were relatively strong in personal ability. Maybe we haven't cooperated before, so it's not very tacit when we really cooperate to design works. The circuit is soldered one set after another, and the results are not ideal. Our work finally failed in the joint debugging. The functions that everyone is responsible for can be realized independently, but they can't work together. The judges should look at your overall function realization, not a part of it. We ended in failure in this competition. In the future, if you have the opportunity to team up to participate in the competition, you should pay attention to the following three points: ① The topic is the most important, so you must choose someone you are familiar with. One or two people in the team are familiar with it, but three people can't, so you must change the topic. (2) After selecting the topic, we should first focus on realizing the basic functions. If you can do all the basic functions well, you should be able to win the national second prize, because most teams can't do anything at all in such a short time. If you can make a part of it, you can enter the national first prize. Another reason for the failure of our team is that we started to do the project directly and ignored the basic part. (3) The arrangement of the team, we must find familiar people, it is best to work together, the division of labor should be clear, don't do it without a clue, and finally we don't understand what to do. After taking part in this competition, I undertook a development project. I asked Yu Zhennan to cooperate. I design hardware and Yu Zhennan writes software. We finished the project quickly. This is the first bucket of gold we found with our professional knowledge, and the return is enough to pay for our tuition for two years. While learning more about electronic technology, Yu Zhennan and I jointly developed several projects and accumulated a little experience.

In my senior year, my accustomed life didn't change much from my junior year. My classmate Lai Shixiong, who participated in the May 4th Cup for the first time, was busy reviewing for the postgraduate entrance examination every day, and was finally admitted to his ideal school. I don't want to study anymore. I want to graduate early and go out to work. 10 In October, Mr. Wang from the Electrical and Electronic Base of our college told me that an electronics subsidiary in Beijing recruits two or three students in our school every year, and requires students with strong hands-on ability, preferably those who have participated in some national competitions and won prizes. The company there is well paid, and Mr. Wang recommended me. Thank you, Mr. Wang1October 3 for coming to the school for an interview. I'm preparing for an interview. 10 2, the school posted a notice that I was recommended to our school for graduate study without any examination. I was very happy. The school has a system, and students have a certain specialty. Those who have won a number of awards at or above the national level can be recommended to study for graduate students without examination, free of tuition fees and free of examination, and enjoy the priority of continuing to study for master's and doctoral degrees. Fortunately, my average comprehensive score at that time was more than 70 points, which was just enough. If it were lower, I'm afraid there wouldn't be such a good thing. I sincerely thank the leaders of Harbin Engineering University and the education system of Harbin Engineering University.

Last semester of my senior year, I basically prepared for the 2005 "Little Dragon Cup" in robot contest, China. This time, Yu Zhennan also participated. I am mainly responsible for the automatic pilot of aircraft and assisting Yu Zhennan in compiling the ground station operation platform. This competition involves a wide range of knowledge, including four-channel wireless communication (remote control, remote wireless data transmission, remote microwave image transmission, GPS signal transmission), single chip microcomputer technology, computer control, application software, image acquisition, image recognition, inertial navigation, aircraft manufacturing and other technologies. I threw myself into the game. In nearly half a year of debugging the plane, I went out early and returned late almost every day. Many things happen. The UAV designed by our school has realized automatic take-off, automatic cruise, automatic identification of static/dynamic targets and automatic landing, which is the first in China. In the end, our school team beat many famous schools such as Tsinghua and won the national runner-up.

During the winter vacation of my senior year, I was already very proficient in single chip microcomputer, thinking that I should use the knowledge I have learned to develop some products, which can solve the living expenses and fulfill my dream of doing business. Thinking that many beginners like me might buy learning boards, I decided to develop learning boards. I made the first model in February, the second edition in March, and my personal website "Tian Xiang Electronics"/at the end of April. After three months of * * * improvement on the seventh edition, I finally finalized the TX- 1C learning board as the final product. In April, the CCTV "My Sun" crew came to our school to shoot a feature film "My Sun-Guo Tianxiang with 360 Innovation" for me. Based on my participation in the "Little Dragon Cup" in robot contest, China in 2005, this film tells about my innovative study life in Harbin Engineering University for several years. It was broadcast on CCTV 1 on May 7th, and my family in Xinjiang saw me on TV after leaving my hometown for several years.

I have been managing my own website and learning DSP (Digital Signal Processor) since the next semester of my senior year, because I know that it is absolutely impossible for me to gain a foothold in society only by knowing a little about single chip microcomputer. I must make full use of these years in the university campus and master all kinds of electronic technology knowledge as soon as possible. Once I leave the campus, I'm afraid I'll never have too much study time. Because the school laboratory has a DSP experimental box, it is much more convenient to learn. The price of a DSP experimental box is 70,000 to 80,000 yuan or even 10,000 yuan, which is still difficult to buy by personal ability. Learning hardware is mainly about doing experiments, writing programs, downloading programs, observing phenomena, thinking seriously, modifying programs, downloading programs, observing phenomena ... and so on until satisfactory results are obtained. As long as we grasp this idea, any hardware will be mastered in a very short time. In the next semester of my senior year, my classmates are busy designing their own graduation projects, while I am designing my own DSP experimental board. Because most of the chips used in the DSP experimental board are packaged in multi-pin patches, I have to design at least four PCB boards. It was the first time that I drew a 4-layer PCB board, which lasted for nearly a month. Fortunately, the board was completely normal after it was made, and I spent another month debugging it. In almost four months, I completed the whole process of DSP from identification to board making to final debugging and experimental board passing. Because I had the foundation of single chip microcomputer before, my undergraduate graduation project was very easy for me. When most students spent half a year studying, it took me less than 10 days from design to completion, and I helped many students in this 10 day.

In a blink of an eye, it is the undergraduate graduation party, and most of the students' college life has come to an end. I saw with my own eyes how they realized their dreams step by step, how they repeated their lives again and again, and how they degenerated day by day. From that day on, everyone will usher in their own brand-new environment, where some people may be happy and some may be sorry, but in any case, they will choose their own path, and of course they will go on on their own.

The ocean of knowledge is endless, and I can't stop on the road. I had made a comprehensive plan for these two and a half years before the start of graduate school. Since the holiday, I have been in contact with ARM (Embedded System). In my opinion, if the operating system of ARM is not involved, its learning method is still the same as that of single chip microcomputer. At the beginning, I used it as a single chip microcomputer. Of course, its function is much more powerful than that of a single chip microcomputer. Six months later, my classmates Song and Yu Zhennan and I undertook an engineering project with Samsung ARM7 as the main controller. The knowledge involved in this project is also very extensive, covering single chip microcomputer system, embedded ARM7, GPRS network, Internet application, image acquisition, image processing and remote transmission, TCP/IP protocol, mobile communication technology, code division multiple access technology, network data analysis, analog circuits and numbers. In this project design, I found that few of the knowledge fields I mentioned above have been studied by my university major, and even if I have, few of them can be really applied to practice. Today, with high technology leading the social progress, it is far from enough to simply master the knowledge in a narrow field. Only by constantly learning, constantly applying, and constantly learning, with this attitude, can we give full play to the role of knowledge and make continuous progress in science and technology.

At the beginning of 2007, through the scientific and technological innovation of the school, I applied for the project of "Remote Wireless Controllable Underwater Vehicle", which was finally approved as the only major project of the school, and the school and college gave full financial support. After five months of hard work by me and my team members, our work finally succeeded in testing the water. This work won the first prize in the May 4th Cup in 2007, and the first prize in the Electronic Design Competition of Challenge Cup for College Students in Heilongjiang Province in the same year. When I left school, the project was still being further improved by other members of the team.

In the first stage of the research, I held a 10-day single-chip computer training course in the school during two summer vacations. I explained the usage of 5 1 single chip microcomputer to my classmates with a brand-new teaching method and the easiest way for beginners to get started quickly. I lead students to do experiments in the classroom, and students practice writing programs by themselves after class every day. After more than ten days of intensive training, at the end of the course, almost all students can independently program and operate the functions of 5 1 single chip microcomputer. In the same year, he served as a school instructor in the "Sony Cup" National Electronic Design Competition for College Students. At the scene of the competition, I saw many students who had attended classes in my class, and finally they all achieved gratifying results. I am sincerely gratified. In order to benefit more beginners of single chip microcomputer, I recorded the whole teaching process and posted it online for free. After the video was posted online, it was highly praised by many students, and even many foreign students called to thank me.

In September, 2007, I went to an energy company as an intern to do a master's program. At that time, I went with many undergraduate graduates from other universities, some of whom studied automation with me. Several old employees and I are the only people in the company who can independently develop projects and really understand hardware programming. We are paid a high salary and the company regards us as a treasure. Other new college students are praising our abilities and lamenting what they have learned in college. Their remorse can be seen in their helpless tone. However, what can they do in today's reality Working six days a week, eight hours a day, deducting wages for being late, deducting wages for leaving early, and deducting wages for taking time off ... This is an unchangeable reality in front of them, waiting for that day every month, and the thin envelope is only enough for the basic living expenses of each month. Young friends! As college students, this is the gap, and this is only the beginning of the gap. During my internship, my professional knowledge was further sublimated in the communication with the company's technicians and in the step-by-step improvement and perfection of products. I deeply realize that it is useless to learn theory from books without combining actual hardware. Simple campus hardware practice is immature if it is not combined with industrial field application. He left his post in June 2008, and developed a series of solar charge and discharge controllers for the company, such as China Unicom mobile base station solar street lamp controller and solar power station charge and discharge controller, and put them into mass production.

College life is the most precious experience in our life. We have paid the price for four years, and we should and must gain something from it. Many students have lost their way in the university campus and don't know what they are here for. They simply think that finding a good job after graduation will be all right, but have you ever thought about how to find a good job without real skills? How can we contribute to this society? More realistically, without a good job, how can you buy a house and get married, and how can you build your own happy home?