Common psychological phenomena in life

Phenomena 1: "Broken Window Theory" This is an interesting phenomenon in life. Some people call it "Broken Window Theory". When a row of intact glass window walls, if one window is damaged and If not repaired in time, other intact glass windows will be damaged one after another, and finally this row of intact glass window walls will become a wall of broken windows. When your first classmate inadvertently made a cell phone ringtone without being scolded or stopped by the teacher, the other students assumed that the teacher would not scold or stop the behavior, and at the same time, because the behavior can cause other people to laugh, it will bring some kind of Feeling satisfied, they will follow suit. PSYTOPIC recommends: If you want to stop a certain phenomenon, you should stop or punish it when it first occurs. Phenomenon 2: The “influence” trap involves the use of influence including “reciprocity”, “high-level authority” and “reasoning”. 1. Put the bag at the door, make a wish in front of the Buddha, listen to the master's voice and kneel down devoutly, and close my eyes: it forms the sense of authority that the Buddha's land is a sacred place, and that "they" are the "Buddha people" 2. Send me two pillars of free incense, chant sutras for me, write down my wishes in the amulet and merit book, so that the master can pray for me devoutly every day: to relieve the resistance and rejection, the other party will first give "favor", so that the person concerned can form " Feeling of debt 3. You also need to fill in the sesame oil money, public morality money, and single tree failure: under the above two conditions, the master’s reasons are naturally logical. PSYTOPIC recommends: When encountering such incidents, maintain a "no favor or reward" mentality. It is easy to escape from the mentality; if you accidentally fall into it, since others have already paid for the service, you should also pay a small amount; if the amount is excessive, it is up to you to adapt to the situation. Phenomenon 3: How to improve learning efficiency? It's a matter of lifestyle. After running 1,000 meters, do you feel powerless when participating in a 100-meter sprint race? Continuous operation without rest makes it difficult to perform at your best. The same goes for learning. There are many factors that affect efficiency, among which time and willingness are the more important factors. The longer the time, the lower the efficiency, and the weaker the will, the lower the efficiency. PSYTOPIC suggests: To improve efficiency, you might as well shorten the learning time cycle and increase personal willingness to learn. Generally speaking, the concentration time in adolescence is 40 to 45 minutes, which is also the usual classroom setting time. During this period, it is difficult to continue to pay attention. What you have to do at this time is to "let go" and rest for 15 minutes. Minutes before continuing. Psychology Encyclopedia: 3-on-1 Rule When persuading others or making embarrassing demands, the best way is to have several people put pressure on each other at the same time. So in order to trigger the other party's same-seeking behavior, at least how many people are needed to be effective? The previous experimental results show that the number of people who can trigger synchronous behavior is at least 3 to 4 people. When two people use the same language to induce someone to adopt the same behavior, almost no one will make the wrong choice. If the number of people increases to 3, the consensus rate increases rapidly. The best result is when 4 out of 5 people agree. The number of participants increased to 8 or 15, and the consensus rate remained almost unchanged. However, this method of persuasion is greatly restricted by the environment, and it is difficult to work in one-on-one negotiations or when there are many people on the other side. When the other party is one person, you can invite two supporters to participate in the negotiation in advance, and induce the other party to seek agreement by exchanging opinions at the negotiation table. This phenomenon is often seen in card games. Card games are usually played by four people. During the game, if the time is right, someone will suggest increasing the stakes or introducing new rules. At the same time, some people will also raise objections. At this time, if the other two people can be roped in, the three people can work together to deal with one person. Then the remaining person will change his opinion due to being outnumbered and be convinced by the power of the majority. Napoleon, the defeated general of Klewdebic, also said: "Victory lies in sufficient strength." From this point of view, the principle of "defeating the few with more" should be a rule that existed before Klewdzebic . Magical psychological test pictures In today's society, people's psychology is changing to varying degrees, and desires arise randomly. Psychological tests have proven that the following pictures are related to each person's psychological endurance. The stronger your psychological endurance, the slower the picture will rotate. The United States once used this as a psychological test for criminal suspects. The picture he saw was rotating at high speed, while most old people and children saw the picture as still. Please do some measurements for yourself. It depends on how strong your mental endurance is, so that you can better adjust your mentality.

166 Phenomena of Psychology: Things that Grow Knowledge 1 Archimedes and the Brewing Effect In ancient Greece, the king had a crown made of pure gold, but he suspected that the craftsman had mixed silver into the crown. But the problem is that this crown is as heavy as the one that was originally given to the goldsmith. No one knows whether the goldsmith did something wrong or not. The king gave this problem to Archimedes. Archimedes thought hard to solve this problem. He tried many ideas at first, but they all failed. One day he went to take a bath and sat in the tub so that he could see the water overflowing and feel his body being gently lifted. He suddenly realized that he could solve the problem by using the principle of buoyancy. Whether we are scientists or ordinary people, in the process of solving problems, we can all find the phenomenon of "putting the problem aside for a period of time before we can get a satisfactory answer." Psychologists call this the "incubation effect." Archimedes' discovery of the law of buoyancy is the classic story of the brewing effect. In daily life, we are often at a loss when it comes to a problem and don’t know where to start. At this time, our thinking enters the “brewing stage”. Until one day, when we put aside the problem in front of us to do other things, the puzzling answer suddenly appeared in front of us, and we couldn't help but exclaim like Archimedes. At this time, " "The brewing effect" will bloom the "flower of thinking" and bear the "fruit of answers". Ancient poems say, "There are mountains and rivers, and there is no way out, and there is a village with dark willows and bright flowers." This is a portrayal of this psychology. Psychologists believe that during the brewing process, there is underlying reasoning at the conscious level, and relevant information stored in memory is combined subconsciously. The reason why people suddenly find the answer while resting is because the individual has eliminated the early psychological tension and forgotten The individual's previous incorrect ideas that led to deadlock have been eliminated, and a creative thinking state has been achieved. Therefore, if you are faced with a difficult problem, you might as well put it aside and go for a walk or drink tea with your friends. Maybe the answer will really be "you can't find it anywhere without wearing iron shoes, and it takes no effort to get it." 2. The Aronson effect means that people like people or things the most who seem to like, reward, or praise them more and more, and they dislike people or things the least if they like, reward, or praise them. The experiment divided four groups of people into giving different evaluations to a certain person to observe which group a person has the most favorable impression of. The first group always praised it, the second group always devalued it, the third group praised it first and then devalued it, and the fourth group first devalued it and then praised it. As a result, after this experiment was conducted on dozens of people, it was found that most people had a favorable impression of the fourth group and the most disgusted with the third group. The application of the Aronson effect reminds people that in daily work and life, they should try their best to avoid the reversal of the negative impression of others caused by their improper performance. Similarly, it also reminds us to avoid being influenced by it and forming wrong attitudes in the process of forming impressions of others. Example 1. Effective use. Behind the dormitory building, there is a bad car parked. Every time at 7 o'clock in the evening, the children in the compound climb on the car and jump. The more you dance, the more joyful you are, but the one who sees it is helpless. On this day, a person said to the children: "Children, today we are competing, and the winner with the loudest bounce will be a toy pistol." The children cheered and jumped, and the winner actually won the prize. The next day, the friend came to the car again and said: "The competition will continue today, and the prize is two toffee." When the children saw the prize plummeting, they were all unhappy. No one jumped hard, and their voices were sparse and weak. On the third day, the friend said to the children again: "Today's prize is two peanuts." All the children jumped out of the car and said, "No more jumping, no more jumping. It's really boring. Let's go home and watch TV." Analysis: In the case of "difficult to attack from the front", using the "diminishing reward method" can have a wonderful psychological effect. 2. Counterexample Xiaogang was assigned to work in a unit after graduating from university. As soon as he entered the unit, he was determined to perform well and actively in order to leave a very good first impression on his leaders and colleagues. Therefore, he went to the unit in advance every day to collect water and sweep the floor, and took the initiative to work overtime during holidays. He also took on all the tasks assigned by the leader, which he clearly had great difficulties with. Originally, it is understandable for young people who have just entered the workplace to actively express themselves. But the problem is that Xiaogang's performance at this time is far from his true ideological awareness, consistent attitude and behavior pattern, and is mixed with the element of "over-performance". Therefore, it is difficult to have long-term persistence. Before long, Xiaogang stopped pumping water and mopping the floor. He was often late and was even more picky about the tasks assigned by his leader.

As a result, the impression of his leaders and colleagues changed from good to worse, and was even worse than the impression of young people who had not performed well when they first arrived. Because everyone already has "high expectations and high standards" for him. In addition, everyone thinks that his initial positive performance was "pretending", and "honesty" is the "core quality" used by our society to evaluate a person. 3 Suggestion effect Suggestion effect refers to the indirect method of implicit and abstract induction to influence people's psychology and behavior under non-confrontational conditions, thereby inducing people to act in a certain way or accept certain opinions, making their thoughts, The behavior is consistent with the suggester's desired goals. Generally speaking, children are more receptive to suggestions than XXXXX. Language cues are commonly used in management. For example, if the class teacher praises good behavior in a group setting, it will serve as a hint to other students. You can also use gestures, winks, table taps, pauses, increase or decrease the volume, etc. Experienced class teachers often target certain shortcomings and mistakes of students by selecting appropriate movies, TV shows, and literary works for students to watch and discuss, or telling students targeted stories, which can produce better results. 4 Antai Effect Antai is the Hercules in ancient Greek mythology. He is infinitely powerful and invincible. Because as long as he leans on the earth, he can draw infinite power from Mother Earth. His rivals discovered the secret, lured him off the ground, and killed him in the air. Therefore, we must learn to rely on everyone and the collective. 5. The so-called "suggestion effect" is to influence the psychology and behavior of others in an implicit and indirect way, so that the person being hinted can unconsciously act according to the hinter's wishes... This is called the "suggestion effect" ". Teenagers and children are more receptive to suggestions than XXXXX. In the process of music classroom teaching, teachers can improve teaching effects through language cues, movement cues, facial expression cues, self-suggestion and other methods. Language hints - Positive language can make people have positive emotions and change negative mentality. Therefore, teachers can consciously use words such as "You are so smart" and "You can do it" to encourage children, and students can also encourage each other. , such as: collar: I am great! ( ) Crowd: You are great! (X) Leader: You can do it too! (XX X) Audience: Me too! (XX Teachers can use body movements to hint students so that students can understand musical works faster. For example, in expressing music emotions, teachers can gently swing their bodies left and right to express soft and relaxing music, and use small nods to express cheerful and lively music. Expression hints - There are many performance links in primary school music teaching, including singing performances, rhythm performances, instrumental performances, and the forms include collective performances, group performances, individual performances, etc. In these links, teachers must give full play to the role of facial expression cues. When students are performing, if the teacher looks at them with a smile, it is a great encouragement to the students. They can see the affirmation and approval in the teacher's eyes. In the process of training students' pitch, the movement cues of Kodaly gestures can be used to allow students to have a more intuitive understanding of abstract pitch. When one class was learning the third sentence of the song "Lovely Flock", "The water and grass are abundant and the sheep are strong", they always missed the last sound "5". So when I sang these few bars, I used hand gestures to make the direction of the melody. When it came to the last note "5", I moved my hand upwards, and the students naturally sang in place, and they could fully master it after a few times. Self-suggestion - Teachers should also educate students to learn self-suggestion so that students can better exert their autonomy in music learning experience. Some students will have self-suggestions such as "It's terrible! It's terrible!" and "It's so difficult!" whenever they encounter listening and speaking exercises, maintaining a state of anxiety in learning, thereby interfering with normal performance. Once this kind of thinking habit is formed, it will seriously hinder the effectiveness of teaching. Therefore, teachers should let students learn positive self-suggestion and think that they can definitely do it. In addition, the teacher's classroom display is also an objective and realistic attitude hint, which is specifically reflected in the teacher's mental state and the degree of investment in the performance of musical works. 6 Placebo Effect The so-called placebo refers to a drug-like preparation composed of neutral substances that have neither medicinal effect nor toxic side effects. Placebos are mostly composed of inert substances such as glucose and starch that have no pharmacological effects.

Placebo can produce a good positive response to patients who are eager for treatment and have full trust in medical staff, and the desired drug effect will appear. This response is called the placebo effect. People who are prone to corresponding psychological and physiological reactions when taking placebos are called "placebo responders." The characteristics of this kind of person are: easy to interact with others, dependent, easily suggestible, low in self-confidence, often paying attention to various physiological changes and discomforts in themselves, and prone to hypochondriasis and neurosis. 7. Barnum Effect (Suggestion Effect) A friend once asked me what was the most difficult thing in the world. I said making money is the hardest, and he shook his head. Goldbach's conjecture? He shook his head again. I said I give up, just tell me. He mysteriously said to know yourself. Indeed, thoughtful philosophers have said so. Who am I, where do I come from, and where am I going? These questions have been asked by people since ancient Greece, but they have not come to satisfactory results. However, even so, people never stop pursuing themselves. Because of this, people are often lost in themselves, are easily prompted by the information around them, and use the words and deeds of others as a reference for their own actions. The herd mentality is a typical proof. In fact, people are influenced and hinted by others all the time in their lives. For example, on a bus, you will find this phenomenon: when a person opens his mouth wide and yawns, there will be several people around him who can't help but yawn as well. Some people don't yawn because they are less suggestible. Who are highly suggestible? This can be checked with a simple test. Have one person extend their hands horizontally, palms up, and close their eyes. Tell him that there is now a hydrogen balloon tied to his left hand, which keeps floating upward; and a big stone is tied to his right hand, falling downward. Three minutes later, look at the gap between his hands. The larger the distance, the stronger the suggestion. Knowing oneself, called self-perception in psychology, is the process of individuals understanding themselves. In this process, people are more susceptible to cues from external information, leading to deviations in self-perception. In daily life, it is impossible for people to reflect on themselves all the time, nor can they always observe themselves as an outsider. Because of this, individuals rely on external information to understand themselves. When individuals understand themselves, they are easily influenced by external information and often fail to perceive themselves correctly. Psychological research reveals that it is easy for people to believe that a general, general personality description is particularly suitable for them. Even if this description is very empty, he still believes that it reflects his personality. A psychologist once used a general statement that could apply to almost anyone to ask college students to judge whether it was suitable for them. As a result, the vast majority of college students believed that this passage described themselves in a nuanced and accurate way. The following paragraph is material used by psychologists. Do you think it is also suitable for you? You have a strong need for others to like and respect you. You have a tendency to be self-critical. You have many untapped abilities that can be used to your advantage, and you also have some shortcomings, but you can generally overcome them. You have some difficulty interacting with someone of the opposite sex. Although you appear calm on the outside, you are actually anxious and restless on the inside. You sometimes doubt whether you have made the right decision or done the right thing. You like some changes in your life and hate being restricted. You pride yourself on being an independent thinker and will not accept the advice of others without sufficient evidence. You think it would be unwise to reveal yourself too openly in front of others. Sometimes you are outgoing, affectionate, and sociable, and sometimes you are introverted, cautious, and silent. Some of your ambitions are often unrealistic. This is actually a hat that fits anyone’s head. A famous acrobat named Shoman Barnum said when commenting on his performance that he was very popular because the show contained ingredients that everyone liked, so he made "every minute there are people." Being deceived." People often believe that a general and general personality description reveals their own characteristics very accurately. In psychology, this tendency is called the "Barnum effect." After a psychologist gave a group of people the Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory (MMPI), he took out two results and asked the participants to judge which one was their own. In fact, one is the result of the participant himself, and the other is the average result of the responses of the majority of people. Participants actually believed that the latter more accurately expressed their personality traits. The Barnum effect is very common in life. Take fortune telling as an example. After consulting a fortune teller, many people think that the fortune teller's predictions are "very accurate". In fact, those who seek help from fortune tellers are inherently suggestible.

When people are depressed and frustrated, they lose control over their lives, and their sense of security is also affected. A person who lacks a sense of security is more psychologically dependent and more suggestible than usual. In addition, fortune tellers are good at figuring out people's inner feelings and can slightly understand the feelings of the seeker, and the seeker will immediately feel a kind of spiritual comfort. The fortune teller will then say something ordinary and innocuous, which will convince the seeker