What are the parts of speech of the sentence components, for example, subject, predicate, object

>The position of the predicate or predicate verb is generally after the subject. The predicate is composed of a simple verb or a verb phrase (auxiliary verb or modal verb + main verb).

1. Made up of simple verbs.

(1). What happened?

(2). He worked hard all day today. He worked hard all day today.

(3). The plane took off at ten o'clock.

2. A predicate composed of a verb phrase.

(1). I am reading.

(2). What's been keeping you all this time? What's been keeping you all this time? Coming?

(3). You can do it if you try hard.

3. In English, certain action nouns are often used to replace dynamic predicate verbs to express vividness. In the past, such action nouns often used verbs that had little meaning, such as have, get, take, give, etc. For example:

(1). I had a swim yesterday. (had a swim replaced swam)

(2). Take a look at that! (take a look instead of look) < /p>

(3). He gave a sigh. (gave a sigh replaced sighed)

(4). I got a good shake-up. A big shake. (a good shake-up replaced was shaken up thoroughly (full, thorough))

3. Predicative

The function of predicative is to express the characteristics, status, identity, etc. of the subject. It can also be said to be a subject complement. It is located after the linking verb and forms a so-called synopsis structure with it. In In the system structure, the linking verb is only a formal predicate, and the real predicate is the predicate. The words that can be used as predicates are: nouns, pronouns, numerals, adjectives, adverbs, infinitives, gerunds, and participles , prepositional phrases, clauses, etc.

1. The wedding was that Sunday. The wedding was held on that Sunday. (noun)

2. So that’s that. (Pronoun)

3. We are seven. We are seven people. (numerals)

4. Are you busy? Are you free? (adjective)

5. Are you there? Are you listening? (telephone term) (adverb)

Is anybody in? Is anyone in? (adverb)

6. All I could do was to wait. (infinitive)

My answer to his threat (threat) was to hit him on the nose.

My answer to him The answer to the threat was to hit him on the nose. (infinitive)

7. Complimenting (praise, congratulations) is lying. Compliment is lying. (gerund)

Is that asking so much? Is this asking too much? (gerund)

8 ． I was so much surprised at it. (too much)

I’m very pleased with what he ha

s done. I am very satisfied with what he did. (too much)

9. She is in good health. She is in good health. (Prepositional phrase)

The show is from seven till ten. The performance time is from 7 to 10 o'clock. (Prepositional phrase)

10 ． Is that why you were angry? Is that why you were angry? (clause)

11. This is where I first met her. (clause)

Supplement:

Substantial verb that can be used as a linking verb:

come, go, run, turn, get, become, keep, stay, make (verbs expressing change)

fell, sound, smell, look, taste (verbs of sense)

seem, appear (seem, seem)

For example:

1. Our dream has come true. (Come is often followed by easy, loose natural, etc.)

2. He fell sick.

Keep fit. Take care.

Keep as a linking verb is often followed by quiet, calm, cool, well, warm, silent, clean, dry

3. The well ran dry. (short, loose, wild, cold, etc.)

4. A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is.

A thin person always seems to be taller than his actual height.

4. Object

The object mainly serves as the recipient of the action in the sentence, so it is generally placed after the transitive verb. For example:

Our team beat all the others. The team beat all other teams.

Things that can be used as objects include: nouns, pronouns, numerals, nominalized adjectives, adverbs, infinitives, gerunds, nominalized participles, clauses, etc. .

1． Do you fancy a drink? Do you fancy a drink? (noun)

2. They won’t hurt us. (pronoun)

3. If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 5 plus 5 equals 10. (numeral).

4. I shall do my possible. (nominal adjective)

5. He left there last week. He left there last week. (adverb)

6. Does she really mean to leave home? (infinitive)

7. He never did the unexpected (unexpected, unexpected).

He never did anything surprising. (nominal participle)

8. Do you understand what I mean? (clause)

Extension:

Some verbs in the object require two equal objects, that is, direct object ) and indirect object (indirect object). The direct object generally refers to the recipient of the action, and the indirect object refers to the person or thing (mostly people) to which the action is directed or performed. With this kind of double object

The transitive verb is called a dative verb. Commonly used ones are: answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play , promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take, etc. The indirect object must generally be used with the direct object, usually placed before the direct object. For example: I have found him a place. I have found him a position. .

5. Complement

Complement is a sentence component that complements the meaning of the subject and object. The sentence component that complements the meaning of the subject is called subject complement, and the sentence component that complements the meaning of the object is called object complement. complement).

(1). When adjectives are used as subject complements, they are often placed before the subject and followed by a comma.

Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. I was tired and sleepy. I was sleepy, so I went to sleep.

Sometimes it can be placed after the subject, with commas before and after, similar to a non-limiting attributive. For example:

The man, cruel beyond belief, didn't 't listen to their pleadings.

The man was undoubtedly cruel and did not listen to their pleas.

(2). Nouns, adjectives, and indefinites can be used as object complements. Formulas, gerunds, participles, prepositional phrases, etc.

1.They named the child Jimmy. (nouns are used as unions and complements)

2.My looks mother so young that you would think her my sister.

My mother looks so young that you would think she is my sister (noun phrase as object complement)

3. He boiled the egg hard. (Adjective used as object complement)

3. I found the book very interesting. I found the book very interesting. (Adjective phrase used as object complement)

4. The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover.

The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover. (The infinitive is used as an object complement)

5.I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. Being friendly is taken as a matter of course.

6. Attributives

Attributives are words or a group of words used to describe the qualities and characteristics of a noun (pronoun). They can be used as attributives. There are: adjectives, nouns, pronouns, numerals, adverbs, infinitives, gerunds, participles, prepositional phrases, clauses and sentences, etc.

1. There are a large number of adjectives used as attributives.

（1）. She is a natural musician.

（2）. He must be the best violinist alive. He must be the best violinist alive. Hand. (post-positioned attributive)

2. Nouns are used as attributives. For example:

(1). A baby girl

(2). well water well water

(3). Sports car two-seat light vehicle

(4). A

fool’s paradise

2． Pronouns are used as attributives.

(1). Your hair needs cutting. It’s time for you to get a haircut. (Possessive pronouns are used as attributives)

(2). If everyone is responsible, no one is responsible.

(The possessive form of the indefinite pronoun serves as the attributive)

3. Numerals as attributives

（1）. There's only one way to do it. There is only one way to do this.

（2）. Do it now, you may not get a second chance.

Do it now, you may never have another chance.

Cardinal numerals are used as postpositional attributives: page 24 Room 201 the year 1949

4. Adverbs acting as attributives are often postpositioned, such as:

the room above the world today

the way out a day off

5. The infinitive is used as an attributive

（1）. Her promise to write was forgotten.

（2）. That's the way to do it. That's exactly the way to do it.

6. Gerunds are used as attributives.

A walking stick sleeping pills

eating implements learning method learning method

7. The participle acts as an attributive

a sleeping child a drinking man a drinking man

a retired worker a faded flower a faded flower

7. Prepositional phrases are used as attributives.

（1）. This is a map of China.

（2）. The wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than words.

His fierce eyes couldn’t explain it more clearly.

8. The clause is used as an attributive clause, that is, an attributive clause

The car that's parked outside is mine. The car parked outside is mine.

Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one.

I saw your car outside, and it was hit by another car.

7. Same predicate

When two sentence components that refer to the same thing are placed in the same position, one sentence component can be used to explain or explain the other sentence component, and the former is called the appositive of the latter. .The components of these two sentences are mostly served by nouns (pronouns), and the synonymous predicates are usually placed after the nouns (pronouns) they describe.

1. There are a lot of nouns used as synonymous predicates.

（1）. We have two children, a boy and a girl.

（2 ) We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country.

Determined to build China into a strong and prosperous country.

2. Pronouns are used as synonymous predicates.

（1）.They all wanted to see him.

（2）.Let's you and me go to work, Oliver. Let's go to work.

3. Numerals are used as synonymous predicates.

（1）.Are you two ready? Are you two ready?

（2）.They two went, we three stayed behind. They two went and the three of us stayed.

4. The infinitive and the gerund are used as the same predicate.

(1). Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition. Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition.

(2). The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.

The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.

p>

5． Of phrase is used as a synonym

The city of Rome the art of writing

The vice of smoking

6. The clauses use the same predicate, that is, the same predicate is repeated

(1). The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.

The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.

The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.

p>

（2）.We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.

We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.

8. Adverbial

Adverbial is a sentence component that modifies verbs, adjectives, adverbs and the whole sentence. For example:

1. The girl is improving remarkably. The girl is improving remarkably.

2. Adverbs that can be used as adverbials include adverbs, nouns, pronouns, numerals, adjectives, infinitives, participles, prepositional phrases, clauses, etc.

(1). Adverbs are most commonly used as adverbials, and their position is relatively flexible. Place at the end of the sentence, at the beginning of the sentence and in the middle of the sentence.

He speaks the language badly but read it well.

He speaks the language badly but read it well.

Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors.

When we expect hotel guests to lock their doors.

3. Adverbials are divided according to their uses and can be divided into time, place, manner, reason, result, purpose, condition, concession, degree, manner, accompanying, etc.

(1). Time adverbials are mostly located at the end of the sentence and At the beginning of a sentence, sometimes it can also be placed in the middle of a sentence

Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow?

In China now leads the world.

(2) .Adverbials of place are usually placed at the end of the sentence, sometimes at the beginning and middle of the sentence.

There are plenty of fish in the sea.

She kissed her mother on the platform( Platform).

(3).Original

Because adverbials, including adverbials expressing reasons, are usually placed at the end of a sentence, sometimes at the beginning.

Because he was ill, Tom lost his job.

I eat potatoes because I like them.

(4). Adverbials of result are mostly expressed by infinitives, participles and clauses, and are often located at the end of the sentence.

She woke (awake) suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway.

She spoke so softly that I couldn't hear what she said.

(5). Adverbials of purpose, mostly composed of infinitives, prepositional phrases and clauses, etc. Expression is usually placed at the end of a sentence, but can be placed at the beginning of a sentence for emphasis.

He ran for shelter (hidden place). He ran to take shelter from the rain.

In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder.

(6). Conditional adverbials. Mostly expressed by phrases and clauses, often placed at the end or beginning of sentences.

We'll be lucky to get there before dark.

If he were to come, what should we say to him?

(7). Adverbials of concession, expressed by phrases and clauses, are often placed at the end of sentences and the beginning of the sentence.

For all his money, he didn't seem happy. Although he had money, he didn't seem happy.

He helped me although he didn't know me.

(8). Adverbials of degree. Often expressed by adverbs, prepositional phrases and clauses.

The lecture is very interesting.

To what extent would you trust them? How much do you trust them?

(9). Accompanying adverbials, often expressed by phrases and independent nominatives. The opposition is at the end and beginning of the sentence.

My train starts at six, arriving at Chicago at ten.

He stood there ,pipe (pipe) in mouth.