Read a good book, read a good book.

? Silently set the goal of saving the water of life and cultivating the tree of thought next year, naturally starting with how to read. How to read, first of all, is the attitude of reading.

? The attitude towards reading is actually an old topic. Many sages had wonderful expositions long ago. I think the most vivid thing is that Mr. Fang Dongmei once mentioned three attitudes towards learning. He said, "There are three attitudes to learning: the first is that ants move, the second is that bees make honey, and the third is that old vultures shoot clouds." "Vulture" is what we call "vulture" in The Legend of the Condor Heroes, also called "vulture"; "Dragging clouds" means flying and playing among clouds.

1. The first step to learn is to act like an ant. We were all like this when we were young. Buying a book, highlighting the key points, writing eyebrows, taking notes by ourselves and taking notes frequently are the first steps we must make. It means that you have to store all kinds of resources and add more and more materials to the "quantity"; But you can't be perfect. It's easy to find a lot of information with mobile phones and computers. On the one hand, you can learn from Xia Zi, a student of Confucius. He said, "I know what he died that day, and I have never forgotten what he could do in that month. It can be said that it is eager to learn. " Know something new every day, and don't forget what you have learned before every month, so that you can learn. This is the first kind-ants move.

2. Bees make honey, that is, you have to integrate slowly. The views of different scholars and the positions of different schools must be integrated and you must have your own views. To put it simply, you should have your own experience after digestion, and the best test method is to say it yourself. Some students told me, "I have studied the Analects of Confucius." I said, "OK, you can briefly talk about the key points of The Analects." If you get the book too late at this time, you can't pass the exam. So you should practice explaining your experience clearly in your own words. This is honey brewed by bees, and it is the process of your own digestion and experience.

3. The old vulture scooped up the cloud, which was rarely mentioned. The old vulture is an eagle. It plays with clouds in the sky. It has no special purpose, only to turn its rich knowledge into a carefree soul, and let itself taste real fun in it. The old vulture is an obvious effect that we may have at the end of our study, which makes you enjoy it and feel that human reason can be infinitely free in the world of wisdom.

? This is a bit like the three stages mentioned by Confucius-knowing is not as good as being kind, and being kind is not as good as being happy, so learning has three stages: knowing, being kind and being happy. "Know" is a bit like the ants moving in the first stage, you know a lot; "Good" means to like it, appreciate it, and of course practice it. This is the stage when bees make honey. "Happy people" are old vultures who can go back to nature and swim in it.

? The president of Yale University in the United States said: "You come to the university to do three things: study, understand and taste." Three words were used. The first "learning", the university is originally a place to learn, with rich books and many teachers teaching; The second is to understand that what you have learned is only yours if you thoroughly understand it; The third one is the most interesting, called taste, which is called enjoy in English and can also be translated as enjoyment. In other words, knowledge gives people taste and enjoyment, so that after learning certain knowledge, the whole life can have different performances in a certain aspect; Because you know more and you have some experience, your words and deeds will naturally change.

? It is difficult to reach the third floor. What can we do in the future? We can adopt a high-intensity reading method called "intensive reading".

1. "Intensive reading" is more like an attitude and mentality. Obviously, in order to read a good book, I used to love reading cool articles such as martial arts novels.

2. It is called "power" because it pursues the depth and efficiency of reading and tries to dig out the biggest gain in a book. I once heard a joke about how we learn from others. We went to other people's houses like thieves and moved everything except the kitchen sink-then we went back and moved the kitchen sink, too. It is in this spirit that we should read a book!

3. The first characteristic of intensive learning is that it is not fun. There is no concept of "entertaining through education" in the world champion training base. "Intensive reading" is not for entertainment and rest, but with a very serious attitude. You must master a book so that it can grow in your brain. This kind of reading is quite tiring. I think writing reading notes is a very serious job.

The second characteristic of intensive learning is that it takes less time. Just like in the best music school that specializes in cultivating talents, children never practice piano for more than 2 hours every day. No one can stick to that intensity for a long time. It is better not to practice without intensity training. You may spend a lot of time reading every day, but it is difficult for you to spend a lot of time studying hard. Leave energetic and undisturbed time for the best books.

5. The third characteristic of intensive reading is that it does not pursue fast. Good books in our "study area" should be read slowly and carefully. The pursuit of reading a book quickly is like the pursuit of playing a song quickly. This is not practicing the piano, but completing the task of practicing the piano. One of the secrets of scholars is to read slowly, absorb knowledge and increase internal force more efficiently.

6. The above three characteristics of intensive reading are consistent with "deliberate practice". Similarly, just like deliberately practicing mousetrap, we must think more about its position in the knowledge system. Including answering the following questions: What is the truth in this book? What else can these truths explain? What behaviors can these principles be applied to yourself to change?

7. A book should be read twice, and only twice. It is impossible to grasp the essence of a good book at once. On the other hand, if once is enough, then this book is not worth studying hard. The thought book we are talking about is not an academic work. No matter how good it is, there is no need to read it three times. Twice is just right. And the most efficient way is to watch it once and watch it again immediately.

8. First reading is normal, as long as you relax and appreciate the author's subtle thoughts and interesting stories. Don't try to read quickly. A good book is worth stopping and thinking about from time to time. Write down your reading notes when you read it the second time. Don't read word by word at this time. You can skip the stories in the book as examples and focus on the ideological context. Read a chapter and take notes on it until you finish reading it. Then the book can be shelved or even thrown away.

9. One of the core technologies of "intensive reading" is taking reading notes. Intensive reading requires reading notes to include four aspects: clearly expressing the logical context of each chapter, taking away all the highlights in the book, a lot of your own opinions and experiences, and discovering the connection between this book and other books or articles you have read before. Only by doing these four things can you maximize the utility of a book. You will find that the return is huge.

(1) Reading notes should first show the logical context of each chapter clearly. Its first function is to forget stories and remember articles. Make a book from thick to thin, from concrete mountain scenery to abstract map. Only by jumping out of the lines and looking down at the whole chapter with a condescending attitude can the context be clear. After reading it clearly, don't copy the author's words. Writing this vein in your own language is like drawing a map.

(2) Outside the logical context, if you find a really good story-we call it a "bright spot"-then write it down, even in detail. Reading, to some extent, is to find the bright spots that can stimulate your thinking. We should ignore the story when analyzing the context, and then take the story away after analyzing the context.

(3) The books read by high-level scholars are all annotations. You can write down your understanding of this matter, your doubts or affirmations about the author. A more advanced annotation is to write down your inspiration for seeing this passage. Maybe it suddenly occurred to you that this solved the problem you had been concerned about before-although it seems that this problem has nothing to do with this book; Maybe you have thought of a new application of the ideas in the book; Maybe it occurred to you that you could take the author's theory one step further. These ideas are not necessarily really useful, but they are valuable, because if you don't write them down right away, you will soon forget them. After many years, when you look through your notes, you will find that your inspiration is more valuable than the original.

(4) When you read a certain number of books, you will find that there is a connection between books. A really active reader is very, very sensitive to this connection. I use Evernote to organize my reading notes now. One advantage of this tool is that it can generate a link for other notes to click on the reference directly.

(5) Read more books and you will feel the progress of human knowledge. You will find a problem in this book, but a few years later someone wrote another book, which changed the whole conclusion. Sometimes you have to judge which one is the most reliable from several different conclusions of several books. Sometimes you think what they say is actually wrong, and the correct answer is only known to you. At this level, you are completely equivalent to the author of the book. You can even look down on them and judge them. What should you do at this time? You write an article and send it out!

(6) The most important purpose of reading a good book twice is for these experiences, inspirations and connections. The first reading is to sink in, and the second reading is to jump out.