What's the difference between Manchu and Han nationality?

First, the genealogy books are all from China, which is clear at a glance.

From the mid-Qing dynasty to the Republic of China, the custom of Manchu people to repair and continue the spectrum has continued to this day. The genealogy of Manchu people in their early years mostly used Manchu and Chinese languages. The genealogy book is a brief history of the family, and you will naturally find the most accurate basis by consulting it. However, due to historical reasons, some people have lost their genealogy books. You can ask the oldest person in the family, and you can usually find the genealogy. Han people also have genealogy, but they never use Manchu, and the content and form of records are different from Manchu families.

Second, Manchu and Chinese address their parents completely differently.

In the past, Manchu people used to call their parents "grandma" and "Erniang". Folk appellations are "mom" and "Ne Ne". Han people call their parents "Dad", "Mom" and "Dad". Most Manchu people born after the founding of New China also call their parents "father" and "mother". However, before the founding of New China, Manchu people never called themselves "father" or "mother". You can ask your elders what they called me and my parents before the founding of the People's Republic.

Third, ask their ancestral home and know their nationality.

Manchu in Acheng or around Acheng, whether it is Nanbaqi in Lalin area, Xibbaqi in Poplar area, Dongbbaqi in Liaodian Manchu Township, Beibaqi in the border area of Feiketu and Xinxiang, or Manchu in the city, or Manchu who moved in from other places, their ancestral homes all come from two places. First, some jurchen didn't enter the customs with Hongyan before Qian Jin, and they have been living here. Ask about their ancestral home. Second, most Manchu people moved from Beijing during the Qianlong and Jiaqing years. When asked about their ancestral home, most people replied, "There is a rolling street and a Mao Chao Hutong in wanping county, Shuntianfu, Beijing.". There are also a few people who directly answer: "The ancestral home is Changbai Mountain". Because Changbai Mountain is the birthplace of Manchu. Han people all call their ancestral homes Shandong, Hebei, Jiangsu and other provinces. Because most of the ancestors of the Han nationality in Northeast China migrated from Shandong, Hebei, Jiangsu and other provinces.

Fourth, ask the flag to know whether it is a "flag" or a "person".

The Eight Banners is a Manchu social organization integrating politics, military affairs and production. The Eight Banners are yellow flag, white flag, blue flag, red flag, yellow flag, white flag, blue flag and red flag. Every Manchu except Zuodi Manchu is incorporated into the Eight Banners Organization, so the elderly Manchu can answer their own flags. Han people who have not entered the flag have no flag registration. "Flag-bearer" means that Han people are "people".

Ask their ancestors' surnames and you will know that they are all Han Chinese.

After the Revolution of 1911, although the two-syllable old surnames of Manchu people were crowned with monosyllabic Chinese surnames, most of them did not forget their ancestors' surnames, whether they were passed down by word of mouth or written in genealogy. Manchu has eight surnames: Tong, Guan, Ma, Suo, Qi, Fu, Na and Lang. The above eight surnames are all called out from the dragon eight households. These eight surnames are all Manchu disyllabic old surnames: Tong is the Tong family. Close is hanging armor. The horse belongs to the Ma family. Suo belongs to Sochulo. Qi is from the Qi family, but there are also people named Sitara. Money is money. Na's surname is crowned, Ye He's is Ye Hena's, and Huifa's is Nala's. The above two Manchu disyllabic old surnames were changed into Chinese monosyllabic names. Lang is Niu Kelu's surname (there are also cattle's direct surnames).

There are Zhao, Jin and Hong, that is, Ai Xinjue Roche. Shu surname is Shu Mulu's. Zu's surname is saxophone. Fei surname, Zhang surname Zhang Jiashi. The southern surname is Nora. Dong is human. Zhao is Xilin Jue Roche, and there are also people named Ai Xinjue Roche or Ilgen Jue Roche. Guo is Guo, Ao is Aoji, and Dai is Ashi of Dar. What is Huxley? Ji is Sima La. Don is his Tara. A king or a king is a person. Du is a good man. Sue belongs to Surgaff. Xi is Siktrey or Xi Sha. Zhang belongs to Zhang Jia. Meng belongs to Inge Mackeler. Cao is Soto Roche. Yang is Yi's man. Chen is, Wu is Wusu. Yi is easy to check, etc. The surnames of the Han nationality are all hundred surnames, and there is no Manchu disyllabic old surname.

Sixth, look at the location of ancestors, Manchu and Han are different.

Manchu people respect the west, because the symbol of the west is the most expensive and important, so Manchu people worship ancestral temples (shrines and ancestral boards) on the west wall. Most Han ancestors are enshrined in the altar under the north wall.

When asked about their ancestors' achievements, Manchu and China people gave different answers.

Most Manchu people enter the customs by Shunzhi, and Manchu people say that they enter the customs by dragon. In the Qing Dynasty, all the boys of Banners were registered, and they began to eat their salaries after birth, because the Eight Banners were "soldiers of the whole people", and most of them had a history of opening up territory and laying the foundation of our country. The battle of Sal Lake, entering the customs with the dragon, quelling the rebellion in San Francisco and so on have been passed down from generation to generation, and future generations will not forget the achievements of their ancestors. The Han nationality is not the Eight Banners, and there is no such history.

Eight, ask their ancestors migration history, Manchu and Han are different.

Most Manchus in Northeast China "entered the customs with dragons". During the years of Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing, they returned to the northeast and settled in the border areas. Most of the Han ancestors came from Shandong, Hebei, Jiangsu, Henan, Anhui and other provinces and settled in the northeast.

When asked about ancestral legends, Manchu and Han gave different answers.

Legends and other word-of-mouth literature about the seven red boils at the foot of the old man Wang (Nurhachi), saving the crow, the savior of the righteous dog, how to dig the mallet, how to set out to cut the Ming Dynasty, and the establishment of the Qing Dynasty have been passed down from generation to generation by Manchu people as symbols of national pride. Han people regard these legends and oral literature as Manchu stories.

Ten, look at the dress of their elderly women, Manchu and Han also have many differences.

Manchu women, because men participated in the war, produced and lived at home. All the hard work and affairs are borne by women, so Manchu women don't tie their feet, they are all feet. Manchu women used to wear headdresses. After the Revolution of 1911, although the Manchu old lady didn't wear a headdress, she wore a "bun" on her head, a blouse or cheongsam with big breasts, trouser legs tied, a towel around her waist and a long cigarette belt in her hand, giving people a clean and wordy feeling. The old lady of the Han nationality used to pay attention to the three-inch golden lotus of the xiunv. Most of her feet are tied, and her hair is "covered with pimples" on the lower side of the back of her head.

Ask them what they are afraid of, and you can see the different customs of Manchu and Han.

Manchu people avoid eating dog meat, using dog skin products and wearing dog skin hats. Manchu families are willing to keep dogs, but they will never kill them. They can only find a suitable place to be buried after natural death. These are not religious beliefs, but for the reward and commemoration of dogs, because there is a legend of "righteous dog savior" among Manchu people. Also, the ancestors of Manchu people were fishermen, and dogs played an important role in hunting and production. At the same time, dogs are very loyal to their owners, no matter rich or poor, they are loyal to their duties, so Manchu people avoid killing dogs and eating dog meat.

Manchu people avoid sitting in Xikang. In the past, apart from the south and north kang, Westinghouse also had a narrow west kang, commonly known as "Wan Zi Kang". The Western Wall is a place for ancestor worship, and there is an altar on Xikang. If you sit on Xikang, it is a disrespect for the existence of your ancestors. Manchu people are forbidden to carry whips and wear mourning clothes. If such people have something to do, they can only call people around to talk. Han people don't have those taboos.

Dialect, spoken language and Manchu-Chinese are also different.

Some older Manchu people will say "mm-hmm" when expressing their approval, approval and agreement. When they pronounced, they licked Reagan's upper teeth with the tip of their tongue, their lips opened slightly, and then their noses made a "uh-huh" sound, which was added later. So far, this word can't be found in any dictionary, and it can't be marked with Chinese Pinyin. If you ask someone to do something or take something, do something, say you want to hurry up, speed up, and say "don't run away." Manchu people manage dry food such as steamed bread and burritos, which are collectively called "bobo". Call cakes and snacks "Sachima". Call the rag a rag. Manchu people call ginseng a "wooden stick", and those who collect ginseng on the mountain are called "mountain people". Call hunting "encirclement" Call the coat a "great coat". Call dirt "burying", the partition wall at home "fork", carelessness "bluffing", carelessness and untidiness "laziness" and dressing up beautifully "goofing off". Say today, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, the day after tomorrow. Call mice "mice" and talk to each other "endlessly" Whenever you say "surpass us". Call the dragonfly "Malang". Call the thigh and femur of the pig "halaba". Call the leg joints of pigs and sheep "Galaha" and so on. Han people generally don't have those spoken dialects.

Thirteen, look at their usual eating habits, there are many differences between Manchu and Chinese.

There is a great integration between Manchu and Han nationality in Northeast China in their eating habits, but there are also many differences. Guests of Manchu families are accompanied by the male host according to their seniority, and the hostess must stand and serve warmly and thoughtfully. After the table is set, please sit down (sit on it) first. You must wipe the table again in front of the guests before you can set chopsticks. First, you can put four plates on the table, and then you can serve them two by two. The dishes must be from Shuang'er, never single. Entertain guests with wine and delicacies. It must be a full glass of wine and half a cup of tea. When eating, use a bowl to fill the guests with rice, and only half a bowl can be grand. When the host wants to eat the rice in his bowl, he will continue in time. In spring and summer, Manchu people usually make bean juice as a drink, and pasta pays more attention to sticky bean bags, sweet cakes and sticky cakes. Bean flour rolls, pot stickers rolls (also called beef tongue cakes) and other cakes. The staple foods during spring planting and summer hoeing are mostly sticky bean bags, yellow powder cakes, sticky cakes and corn or millet. On the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, people drink Laba porridge and use it to worship their ancestors. "Laba porridge" for fruit trees. In the past, Manchu served sauce, and even now, it was served on the eighth day of April or the eighteenth day of April in the lunar calendar. Manchu families are all pickled with sauerkraut. The traditional eating habits and hospitality of Han people are different from those of Manchu people.

Fourteen, Manchu and other ethnic groups have different requirements for the environment.

Manchu people are famous for their cleanliness and verbosity. Manchu people are very particular about the indoor and outdoor environment where they live, live and work, and are very strict about the placement of decorations, furniture and articles. Where those things are put is established, and they can't be placed at will. The Manchu old man said, "Everything must have a place to put it." This "place" is that everything has its own place, and it can't be ignored, and it's messy and casually put aside. For example, people are not allowed to stick pictures on the Western Wall; The western wall is not allowed to hang worthless decorations, and it should be polished every day. Shoes are not allowed on the kang. Pants and bottoms worn by men and women should not be hung on their heads. Bedding should be folded neatly. The kang surface and floor should always be kept clean and bright, and the broom for sweeping the floor should never be placed on the kang. After each meal, the pots and pans should be washed and wiped clean and placed neatly on the bowl rack. Houses, houses, courtyards and staff should be strict, neat and tidy on all sides, and dung and grass should never be scattered after the door. The layout of the main room, wing room, warehouse and toilet is stipulated, and it is not allowed to be built at will. Plant willows in front of the door and poplars behind the house. You can't turn them upside down. In the Manchu office, tables, chairs and benches are arranged regularly. Items on the desktop should always be placed neatly, and other items should be placed orderly. As soon as you enter the room, you will feel clean and verbose. Otherwise Manchu people will laugh at you for being too lazy. Other ethnic groups pay great attention to hygiene, but there is no Manchu law.

Fifteen, Manchu etiquette

Manchu has the custom of paying attention to etiquette, respecting the old and loving the young, and paying attention to etiquette.

In daily life, Manchu people respect their elders. In the past, it was a rule for both rich and poor families and bureaucrats and civilians to get up in the morning, that is, the younger generation should greet their elders, kowtow or cheat. People of all ages will bow down when they see their elders. Even when children are playing at home on weekdays, elders should stand up and pay tribute when they come. Those who are good at it can only play after they leave, otherwise they will be scolded or reprimanded by their parents. When the younger generation goes to the elder's house, no matter how old they are, they can only sit next to them, even though they are distinguished guests. No matter where the elders sit, the younger generation or grandchildren can't sit side by side with the elders, but stand with their hands down. If you meet an old man, you must bow and say hello. If you meet or walk with your elders, you must first ask them to follow you. When the younger generation goes out or goes to school on business, they must ask their parents for permission before leaving, otherwise they can't leave first. You can't go into your room when you go out. You must tell the old man to comfort your relatives first, and then you can kowtow and go back to your room to rest. If you come back at night, you should visit the old man first. If the old man is asleep, quietly enter the house and put his hand under the mattress to test whether the kang is cold or hot. If it is too cold or too hot, you should take certain measures before taking a rest.

On New Year's Eve, the younger generation, both men and women, will kowtow to their elders, and the outside family and younger generation will send thousands of gifts to their elders. On New Year's Eve, the newly-married daughter-in-law must put on new clothes, pack cigarettes for the elders of the ethnic group from door to door, bow down as gifts, and the elders may reward them with money and things. This is a very strict etiquette rule of Manchu people.

Manchu daughter-in-law can't eat at the same table as her in-laws, but her grandchildren can. Daughter-in-law should stand at the top of the table and wait for the old man and the children to rinse their mouths after dinner. Daughter-in-law should pack cigarettes for her in-laws before she can pick up the food and eat it in her room. As the saying goes, "A daughter-in-law who has been married for many years makes a woman" is true.

Girls should also salute their elders when they go home. Women and daily gifts are greetings. The practice is to bow your head slightly, with your hands empty and your knees slightly bent. However, when a girl greets her mother, grandmother, grandmother and other elders, she must put her head on her chest as a closer gift. If colleagues meet, both men and women use the shoulder hug ceremony. Generally, when brothers and sisters meet, they cover their faces, while friends rub their shoulders.

Visitors from Manchu families can only be accompanied by boys if their elders are not at home. Otherwise, it is disrespectful to the guests. For example, when my grandfather came, only my grandfather or father accompanied me, but they were not at home, so I had to be accompanied by my grandson. Even my grandmother can't go to the table. When he sits, my grandfather sits cross-legged and my grandson sits on the left side of the kang.

Manchu people are also very particular about hospitality. If the old man comes, please ask first, then give your seat to the guest, wipe your face with warm water, rinse your mouth, and then pack cigarettes and pour tea. When cooking, don't make any noise in pots, bowls, scoops, pots and spoons, otherwise it means that guests are not welcome. When eating, set the table, let the guests sit in the right position, then wipe the table with a clean cloth in front of the guests, put four pressure plates on the table, and then put the plates and chopsticks for eating. Don't stand upright in front of the guests when putting chopsticks. Put chopsticks neatly on the right side of the plate, with the thick head facing outwards and the thin head facing the middle of the table. When serving, serve two dishes at a time, and the total number of dishes should be paired, not a single order. There are different hospitality diets in four seasons. It is cool in summer and hot in winter, and it should be moderate in spring and autumn. Treat guests with courtesy and send them away.

Manchu people are also very particular about names. You can't call your elders by their first names. If you call them by their first names, you will be reprimanded as "no big or small, rude." When you meet your elders, you must call them relatives or generations, and then inquire after them. When you meet your peers or younger generation, you can only call them by their first names rather than their surnames politely, and then speak or do things. For example, when you meet or greet Andy Hu, you can only ask Zhenhua how are you, and give up your surname to show your respect and attention to each other.

With the changes of the times, Manchu etiquette has become much simpler, but in some Manchu families, especially in Manchu settlements, some etiquette rules are still very particular, and the custom of respecting the elderly will be further developed with the development of "two civilizations".

References:

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