How harmful is the appeasement policy in order to avoid war but to raise tigers as trouble?

The First World War completely changed the pattern of the world, and also changed people's views on war, thus making the world go to two extremes. The humiliation of defeat and the unjust Treaty of Versailles made the Germans bewitched by Hitler and threw themselves into the arms of the Nazis, ready to use war to recover everything they lost in the war.

On-site oil painting after the signing of the Treaty of Versailles.

For the victorious countries in Europe, the victory of the war did not bring them any glory, but left them with extremely shameful and tragic memories. Before the war, people all over the world used songs and flowers to send their soldiers to the battlefield. Now it looks more like the devil's slave is preparing a feast for the devil. Because the millions of young lives they sent to the battlefield died meaningless in the damp and rancid battlefield.

In addition, the war has also caused a devastating blow to the social production and economy of the major participating countries, and the embarrassing financial situation has also made European governments regard armaments as a burden that is not beneficial to their own countries. At the same time, the people and the government are extremely disgusted with war, so it has become their wish to avoid war as much as possible, and a brand-new policy-"appeasement policy" has been cultivated.

Hitler, on the other hand, made full use of the changes in social consciousness in Europe, starting with the Treaty of Versailles.

1935 65438+ 10/0/3. Germany announced by referendum that it would recover the treaty of Versailles and cede it to France's Saar region. 1March 935 16, Germany explicitly announced the implementation of the national compulsory military service system, and publicly announced that Germany no longer recognized the military provisions of the Treaty of Versailles.

Note: The Treaty of Versailles has very strict restrictions on the organization and scale of the German army. For example, the army stipulates the conscription system, and the total number of troops cannot exceed100000.

Hitler's purpose was threefold. First of all, the German people generally believe that the treaty is humiliating and unfair. Unilateral abolition can create a tall and powerful image for Hitler and further win the support and support of the German people.

Secondly, greatly expanding domestic military demand can stimulate the development of domestic industry, thus driving the domestic economy. Although this move has an obvious defect-the government has no corresponding ability to pay. But for Hitler, this is not a problem. In the short term, it is solved by bonds, and it is filled by war plunder in the long term.

Finally, the expansion of armaments is the basis of its follow-up plan.

Although Britain and France had different opinions on Germany's abrogation, they did not exert too much pressure on Germany for the purpose of avoiding war.

Britain chose understanding and started negotiations with Germany on the new armament scale. In fact, it was to meet Hitler's demands through a new treaty. Although France does not trust Germany because of its geographical relationship with Germany, it does not agree with Germany's breach of contract. However, no actual countermeasures have been taken, and maginot line is expected to protect its own security.

Due to the inaction of Britain and France, other European countries acquiesced in the fact that Germany defaulted. Germany's military strength began to expand rapidly.

After lifting the military shackles, Hitler began his second-step plan-expansion and plunder.

1on March 7, 936, Hitler took the biggest adventure in his life-ordered his troops to cross the Rhine River and enter the demilitarized zone stipulated in the Treaty of Versailles.

Why is this the biggest adventure of Hitler's life? Because entering the "Rhine region" is a serious breach of contract, Britain and France have every legitimate reason to fight back militarily. At this time, the Germans were no match for any country in the junior middle schools in Britain and France.

If France takes hostile action, they will immediately retreat from the other side of the Rhine. ...

The 48 hours after I entered the Rhineland was the most tense moment in my life. If the French also enter the Rhineland, we will have to retreat with our tails between our legs. ...

The Germans entered the Rhine region.

Hitler himself described his nervousness afterwards. Unfortunately, the European countries that have been controlled by the "appeasement policy" have not made any substantive response to this. On March 29th, Hitler abolished the demilitarization agreement of the Rhine by referendum, which not only mocked Britain and France, but also framed his image in the hearts of the German people.

The success of "Rhine region" convinced Hitler that as long as he threatened war, Britain, France and other countries would yield. So he started the "merger" plan.

On the one hand, Germany supported the infiltration, coup and rebellion of the Austrian Nazi Party in Austria; On the other hand, under the guise of protecting the rights and interests of Germans, it forced the Austrian government to sign a secret treaty, thus controlling Austria's internal affairs and diplomacy. In order to save himself and preserve Austria's last dignity, Austrian Prime Minister Schniger plans to launch a national self-determination on March 1938.

Angry Hitler ordered the Germans to enter Austria and took over the Austrian government. Then in April of 10, a "Great German Referendum" was held, including the German people, and Austria was formally incorporated into a province of Germany. In this process, the laws of Britain and China have been looking on coldly and have not given substantive help to the Austrian government.

At the same time, in 1938, Hitler pointed out that Germans in the Soviet-German region of Czechoslovakia were bullied and oppressed by Czechs, and Germany must not sit idly by. Hitler demanded that the Sudetenland be granted autonomy and placed under the protection of Germany.

For Germany's request, Europe is also aware of a problem, whether it should continue to make concessions. If Germany is satisfied with the Sudetenland issue, it not only means that the Sudetenland will be "handed over" to Germany, but also means that Hitler can stand up and claim power wherever the Germans go and live in the future.

To this end, British Prime Minister Chamberlain began his diplomatic mediation. Chamberlain witnessed the great casualties caused by World War I, so avoiding war and maintaining peace became his ruling philosophy, which also made him the staunchest supporter of the "appeasement policy". However, Chamberlain neglected that peace can only be truly realized when both sides of the contradiction have the will for peace. At this time, Hitler firmly believed that only war could achieve his goal, which doomed all Chamberlain's efforts to fail.

Hitler said that Sudetenland was his last demand, and if his demand was not met, he would not hesitate to wage war to achieve his goal. Chamberlain flinched, deluding himself that avoiding war at the expense of a few people would benefit more people. From the beginning, I lobbied from all sides to persuade them to agree to Hitler's request.

On September 27th, 1938, Chamberlain reiterated his views in the national broadcast:

We dig trenches here and try on gas masks for the quarrel between people in a distant country we know nothing about. How terrible, ridiculous and incredible it is!

Under Chamberlain's diplomatic mediation, Britain and France agreed to Germany's request and together with Germany forced Czechoslovakia to hand over the Sudetenland to Germany. 10 year 10 month 1 day, Sudetenland was formally annexed by Germany, which was the infamous Munich agreement.

Germany annexed the Czech Republic.

After the Sudetenland was annexed, Hitler went on to point out that Germans in other parts of Czechoslovakia were still oppressed by Czechs. In order to protect these Germans from persecution, Hitler believed that Czechoslovakia needed to be divided into two countries and Germany should "protect" them.

The ways and means are the same as Austria's, supporting the subversion and destruction of the Nazi Party and Germanic organizations at home and exerting pressure by military means abroad. Czechoslovakia was as powerless as Austria, and Britain and France looked on coldly. On March 1939, the Germans entered Czechoslovakia in an all-round way, and Czechoslovakia disappeared from the map.

At this point, the "appeasement policy" completely failed and became a joke. But Britain and France still have illusions and still think they have the ability to stop the war. While protesting Germany's non-commitment, Britain and France also announced that they would give armed support if Germany attacked Poland.

But who can be frightened by this threat of "you must look good next time"? 1939 In September, Germany invaded Poland, and on September 3rd, Britain and France formally declared war on Germany. The second world war of noun definition also officially kicked off.

But in the first eight months after the declaration of war, Britain and France did not have any military war with Germany, which is also called "fake war".

Because at this time, Germany is not the "weak" Germany that entered the Rhine, but has expanded into an empire that intends to conquer the world. On the contrary, Britain and France are obsessed with the "appeasement policy", which leads to the long-term stagnation of armaments and makes them feel scared and powerless.

Therefore, they have an absurd fantasy. After the annexation of Poland, Germany will be satisfied ... After the annexation of Poland, Germany will be afraid of fighting on two fronts, and making peace ... The obstacles of Ma Qinuo and the sea will make Germans look east. ......

Fantasy is called fantasy because it can't really happen. Pampering can't really stop desire. Europe has missed the opportunity to stifle war. The saddest thing for those who support the "appeasement policy" is that they did their best to stop the war and maintain peace, but the result was to cultivate a more terrible war with their own hands.