Ask for a few idioms and short stories

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin Xiangong listened to rumors, killed Prince Shen Sheng, and sent someone to arrest Shen Sheng's younger brother Zhong Er. After hearing the news, Zhong Er fled the State of Jin and lived in exile for more than ten years.

After many hardships, Zhong Er came to the State of Chu. King Chu Cheng thought that Zhong Er would make great achievements in the future, so he greeted him with state gifts and regarded him as a distinguished guest.

One day, the King of Chu gave a banquet in honor of Zhong Er. Two people drinking wine, chatting, the atmosphere is very harmonious. Suddenly, the king of Chu asked Zhong Er, "If one day you return to the State of Jin and become a monarch, how can you repay me?" Zhong Er thought for a moment and said, "Beautiful women are waiting for you, precious silk, and you have a lot of rare bird feathers, ivory leather, and even more in Chu. What rare items does Jin Wang have? " The king of Chu said, "You are too modest. Even so, you should show me something, right? " Zhong Er replied with a smile, "Thanks to you. If I can really return to China to be in power, I would like to get along well with your country. If one day, Jin Chu goes to war, I will definitely order the troops to retreat first (one house equals thirty miles). If I can't get your forgiveness, I will fight you again. "

Four years later, Zhong Er really returned to the State of Jin and became a monarch. This is the famous Jin Wengong in history. The state of Jin became stronger and stronger under his rule.

In 633 BC, the two armies of Chu and Jin fought. In order to fulfill his promise, Jin Wengong ordered the troops to retreat 90 miles and stay in Chengpu. When Chu Jun saw that 8 Jin J was retreating, he thought the other side was afraid and immediately pursued it. The Jin army took advantage of the weakness of the Chu army's pride in underestimating the enemy, concentrated its forces and defeated the Chu army greatly, and won the battle of Chengpu.

2. Eat your bread and taste your courage;

"Low salary and daring" is a well-known allusion in China. According to legend, Gou Jian, the King of Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period, encouraged himself by hanging a gallbladder in the house to try it while sitting and lying down, so as not to forget the pain of humiliation. Sleep on firewood instead of bed and bedding to avoid forgetting the pain of national subjugation. After so many years of tempering, Yue finally became strong and defeated Wu.

However, when did the allusion of "sleeping on a laurel tree" begin? According to books about wuyue's historical materials, there are detailed records about Gou Jian, the king of Yue, and Fu Cha, the king of Hao, in Zuo Zhuan during the Warring States Period, but there is no record of Gou Jian's employment. Another book written during the Warring States period, Mandarin, did not have Gou Jian's hard work.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, in Yue Jue Shu and Wu Yue Chun Qiu, only in Biography of Gou Jian after Returning to China, Gou Jian said that he was "hanging on the door for others to taste and eat nonstop", but there was no such thing as "lying on the salary".

As an idiom, it was first seen in the playful letter "Imitating Sun Quan's Answer to Cao Cao's Book" written by Su Shi, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is speculated that Sun Quan once "tasted courage" when he gained a foothold in the Three Kingdoms, but this has nothing to do with Gou Jian. In Zuo's Family Biography in the Southern Song Dynasty, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, sat on his salary, but only sat on his salary, not lying on his salary, only Fu Cha, not Gou Jian. Jaco in the Ming Dynasty also called Fu Cha "daring when he acceded to the throne" in On the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Although he did, he also mentioned Fuzha tea. Later, in Zhen's Opera Temple in April, Notes on Ancient and Modern Times and Huang Ri Copy, Gou Jian began to say that he was "paying for his work". At the end of the Ming Dynasty, in the script of "The Story of Huansha" written by Liang Chenyu, Gou Jian's "Sleeping on his laurels" was regarded as a legend and rendered. Feng Menglong also talked many times about Gou Jian's "sleeping on his salary and tasting bravery" in the history of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, Wu Chengquan's "Zhi Yi Lu Jian" also included the phrase "Gou Jian is against China, but suffers from hardships". Since then, the story of Gou Jian, the king of Yue, has spread more and more widely and become an idiom allusion of China.

3 Wei saved Zhao:

During the Warring States Period, Wei led Pang Juan to besiege Handan, the capital of Zhao. Zhao asked Qi for help, and the King of Qi ordered Tian Ji and Sun Bin to lead an army to save him. Sun Bin thought that Wei Jun's main force was in Zhao, and the interior was empty, so he went out to attack Wei Du's girder. Therefore, Wei Jun had to withdraw from Handan to save the country, passing through Guilin Pass, and was stopped by his own troops, almost completely annihilated. This allusion refers to the tactics of bypassing the enemy's rear to force them to withdraw.

In 354 BC, the Wei army surrounded Handan, the capital of Zhao. The two sides fought for more than a year, and Zhao was weak and Wei was tired. At this time, Qi responded to Zhao's call for help, and sent Tian Ji as the general and Sun Bin as the strategist, leading 80,000 troops to save Zhao. Where is the attack direction? At first, Tian Ji prepared to go straight to Handan. Sun Bin believes that to untie the tangled silk thread, you can't pull hard with your hands, and you can't directly participate in fighting with others. To send troops to clear up, we should avoid reality and get to the point. He suggested to Tian Ji that the elite troops of Wei are now concentrated in Zhao, which is empty inside. If we lead the troops into the capital girder of Wei, occupy its traffic arteries, attack its empty space, and March into the capital girder of Wei (now Kaifeng, Henan), Zhao's Li will be spared to save himself, while the Qi army will take advantage of its fatigue to meet the returning enemy in Guiling, a pre-selected combat area. Wei Jun was defeated, and Zhao Zhiwei was solved. Sun Bin's method of encircling Wei to save Zhao is a famous war example in the history of our country, and it is listed as one of the 36 strategies by later military strategists. Encircling Wei to save Zhao is an evasive strategy, which has been appreciated by military strategists in past dynasties and still has vitality today.

Encircling Wei to save Zhao-Encircling Wei to save Zhao

It was Sun Bin who commanded the Qi army to defeat Wei Jun led by Pang Juan, and saved the famous Battle of Zhao. From then on, Sun Bin became famous all over the world.

4 refers to a deer as a horse:

Qin Ershi's prime minister, Zhao Gao, is ambitious, planning to usurp the throne all day long. However, he doesn't know how many people can be at his mercy and how many people are against him. So he thought of a way to test his prestige and find out who dared to oppose him.

One day, Zhao Gao brought a deer into the palace and said to Qin Ershi with a big smile, "Your Majesty, I will give you a good horse." Qin Ershi looked at it and thought: This is not a horse, this is obviously a deer! He smiled and said to Zhao Gao, "The Prime Minister has made a mistake. There is a deer here. How can you say it's a horse? " Zhao Gao said with a straight face: "Please see clearly, this is indeed a swift horse." Qin Ershi looked at the deer again and said incredulously, "Why does a horse have horns on its head?" Zhao Gao turned around, pointed to the ministers and said loudly, "Your Majesty can ask the ministers if you don't believe me."

Ministers were all at a loss by Zhao Gao's nonsense, and whispered privately: What is this Zhao Gao doing? It's obviously a deer or a horse! Ministers see Zhao Gao sinister smile on his face, eyes staring at Zhao Gao in turn, eyes staring at everyone in turn, suddenly understand Zhao Gao's intention.

Some timid people with a sense of justice bow their heads and dare not speak, because telling lies is sorry for their conscience, and telling the truth is afraid of being hurt by Zhao Gao in the future. Some honest people insist that it is manual rather than horse. There are also some adulterers who usually follow Zhao Gao closely and immediately support Zhao Gao's statement and say to the emperor, "This is indeed a swift horse!"

Afterwards, Zhao Gao punished those honest ministers who did not obey him by various means, and even copied them.

The story comes from Historical Records of Qin Shihuang. The idiom "referring to a deer as a horse" is a metaphor for deliberately reversing right and wrong and confusing black and white.

5 chop and change:

During the Warring States Period, Qin Chu, the two great vassal states, were opposed to each other and often fought wars. Some vassal States sometimes favored Qin and sometimes Chu for their own interests and security. Metaphor is capricious.

Source: Song Chaobuzhi's "Ji Li Collection Zhu Beiting Fu": "Physiology is in the Quartet and is solid in Qin."

Example: Alas ~, I have seen Liu for three years. (Clear sky Ren Shang's Peach Blossom Fan, Volume 29) During the Warring States Period, Qin and Chu, two great vassal states, were opposed to each other and often fought wars. Some vassal States sometimes favored Qin and sometimes Chu for their own interests and security. Metaphor is capricious.

6 cross the rubicon:

"Historical Records of Xiang Yu's Biography": "When Xiang Yu learned that he led his troops to cross the river, they all sank, broke the cauldron, burned the house, and gave three meals to show that his soldiers would die, and there was no return."

In 209 BC, a peasant uprising led by Chen Sheng and Guangwu broke out in the history of China. After the sacrifice of Chen Sheng and Guangwu, the two armies led by Liu Bang and Xiang Yu gradually grew up. In 207 BC, the rebel army of Xiang Yu and the main force of Qin Jun led by Zhang Han, the general of Qin Dynasty, fought in Julu (now Xingtai, Hebei). Xiang Yu, not afraid of strong enemies, led his troops across Zhangshui (a river where Julu flows northeast to southeast). After crossing the river, Xiang Yu ordered the whole army: "Anyone who sinks a ship, breaks a cauldron, burns down houses, and leaves three rations to show that the foot soldiers will die, and no one will return to their hearts." In World War I, Julu defeated Qin Jun and Xiang Bing.

Embattled: Historian of the Western Han Dynasty? Sima Qian's Historical Records? "Biography of Xiang Yu": "Wang Xiang's army fell on the city, serenaded the food, and the Han army and the vassal soldiers surrounded it. At night, I heard that the Han army was besieged on all sides. Wang Xiang was shocked and said, "Did the Han army capture Chu?" ? He Chu is crowded. "The king got up at night and drank in his tent. If you have a beauty, you will always be lucky; Good horses are famous and often ride. Therefore, Wang Xiang is a sorrowful and generous poet, who wrote a poem for himself, saying, "If you pull up a mountain, you will be angry with the world. If it is unfavorable, you will not die. "I die, what can I do? What is it? " The number of songs, beauty and (she echoed the fourth tone, it should be and). Xiang Wang shed tears several times. I dare not look up when I cry on both sides.

Qing: Qiu Jin's "Letter to Compatriots": "My compatriots are attacked on all sides and still don't know it."

Three visits to the thatched cottage: the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising at the end of the Han Dynasty led to chaos in the world. Cao Cao sat in the imperial court, and Sun Quan supported Soochow. Liu Bei, the imperial clan of the Han Dynasty, heard from Xu Shu and Si Mahui that Zhuge Liang was very knowledgeable and talented, so he came to Wollongong (now in the west of Nanyang, Henan Province, and southwest of Xiangyang, Hubei Province) with gifts and asked Zhuge Liang to come out to help. It happened that Zhuge Liang was out that day, so Liu Bei had to turn back in disappointment. Soon, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei braved the snowstorm and invited them for the second time. Unexpectedly, Zhuge Liang went out for a walk again. Zhang Fei doesn't want to come again. Seeing that Zhuge Liang was not at home, he urged him to go back. Liu Bei had to leave a letter expressing his admiration for Zhuge Liang and asking him to come out of the mountain to help him save the country's crisis. After a while, Liu Bei was a vegetarian for three days and was ready to invite Zhuge Liang again. Guan Yu said that Zhuge Liang may have a hollow reputation, but he may not have real talent and learning, so he doesn't have to go. Zhang Fei, on the other hand, advocated that he should make a phone call alone and tie it up with a rope when he didn't come. Liu Bei scolded Zhang Fei and went to visit Zhuge Liang with them for the third time. At this time, Zhuge Liang was sleeping. Liu Bei dare not disturb him. He stood until Zhuge Liang woke up and sat down to talk to each other.

Zhuge Liang saw that Liu Bei was interested in doing things for the country and sincerely asked him for help, so he came out to help Liu Bei establish the Han Shu Dynasty.

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms called Liu Bei's three invitations to Zhuge Liang "three visits to the cottage". Zhuge Liang also said in the famous "Teacher's List" that "the first emperor had no intention of being a minister, but he was self-defeating and took care of his ministers in the grass." So when the world saw someone go to that person's home several times in a row and asked the person he admired to come out and help him, he quoted this sentence to describe his desire and sincere mood. That is to say, I am not ashamed to ask questions, and I am open-minded to seek talents. In the 12th year of Jian 'an (207), when Zhuge Liang was 27 years old, Liu Bei visited the Caotang in Longzhong, Nanyang, and met Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang brilliantly analyzed the situation at that time, and put forward the strategic idea of seizing Jing and Yi as a base, reforming politics at home, uniting with Sun Quan abroad, appeasing Yi Yue in the south, waiting for an opportunity, dividing the troops into two northern expeditions and unifying the whole country.

7 All trees and grass are soldiers: This idiom comes from the Book of Jin. Fu Jian's Notes. Jane and Fu Rong visited the city and saw that the weapons were neat and the soldiers were elite; Looking north, the vegetation on Bagong Mountain is all human.

In 383 AD, Fu Jian, the former Qin emperor in the north, was basically unified and led 900,000 soldiers and horses to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The Eastern Jin Dynasty appointed Xie Shi as the general, Xie Xuan as the pioneer, and led 80,000 soldiers to war.

After Qin Jun striker Fu Rong captured Shouyang (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), Fu Shu personally led 8,000 cavalry into the city. He listened to Fu Rong's judgment and thought that the nomads from the army were vulnerable. As long as his follow-up troops arrive, they will surely win a great victory. So he sent a man named Zhu Xu to surrender to Xie Shi.

Zhu Xu was an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After seeing Xie Shi, he reported the protection of Qin Jun, and suggested that 8 Jin Army attack Luo Jian (now Dongluo River in Huainan, Anhui) before the follow-up troops of the former Qin Dynasty arrived. Xie Shi took his advice and sent troops to attack Qin Jun's camp. The result was a great victory. Jin Jin occupied Shouyang.

Fu Jian learned that Luo Jian was defeated, and the Jin army was heading for Shouyang. In utter amazement, he immediately boarded Shouyang Chengtou with Fu Rong and personally observed the movement of 8 Jin J across the water. It was the middle of winter and the weather was gloomy. Seen from a distance, the sky above the water is gray. A closer look shows that there are many masts and warships, and the nomads from the army are armed with swords and halberds. The lineup is very neat. He couldn't help secretly praising the nomads from being well-protected and well-trained.

Then, Fu Jian looked north again. Opposite is Bagong Mountain, where there are eight rolling peaks. The terrain is very dangerous. Nomads from the base camp is stationed at the foot of Bagong Mountain. A northwest wind roared by, and the swaying vegetation on the mountain was like countless soldiers moving. Fu Jian suddenly turned pale and said to Fu Rong in horror, "Nomads are formidable enemies. How can it be said that it is a weak soldier? "

Soon, Fu Jian was tricked by Xie Xuan and ordered the army to retreat a little, so that the nomads from the army could survive the battle at the water. As a result, when Qin Jun retreated, he trampled on himself, fled and was defeated.

This war is a famous underwater battle in history. It is a famous war example in history.

Join the army with a pen: "Join the army with a pen" means to abandon literature and join the army, and this allusion comes from Ban Chao, a famous soldier in the western regions.

Ban Chao (32 BC-102) was born in Fufeng, Ping Ling, Eastern Han Dynasty (now Xingping County, Shaanxi Province). Because my family is poor, in order to make a living, I have to do some copying work for the government, which is very hard. One day, he threw his pen on the table and said, "Alas!" If a gentleman can't do other important things, he should also go to the frontier to make contributions to national entrepreneurship like Zhang Qian! How can you deal with pen and ink inkstone all your life? "Ban Chao sighed, it was also the time when the army needed to choose and employ persons in the early Eastern Han Dynasty. Emperor Han Ming recruited soldiers, and Ban Chao really "joined the army" and was appointed as a pseudo-Malian. Dou Gu sent troops to attack Yiwu. He fought against King Huyan in Puhai, "cut more" and won a great victory, so he was appreciated by Dou Gu.

In 73 AD, under the recommendation of Dou Gu, Ban Chao and official Guo Yao led 36 strong men to the Western Regions. After passing the customs, we first came to a key point near Lop Nur-Shanshan country. He defeated the Huns with wisdom and gained the appreciation of King Shanshan. He immediately said that he would leave the Huns and join the Han Dynasty. Dou Gu presented the achievements of Ban Chao and others to the imperial court, and requested to send an official envoy to the Western Regions. Ban Chao marched to the Western Regions for Sima, and Ban Chao still took more than 30 people back to the Western Regions. This time, Ban Chao's just action won the support of Shule people. Ban Chao also established an activity base in Shule.

In 94 AD, Ban Chao finally surrendered Yanqi, Xu Wei and Yuli under the rule of the Northern Xiongnu, and the whole territory of Xizai returned to the Eastern Han Dynasty. Ban Chao was awarded the title of "Ding Yuan Hou" for his meritorious service, which was called "Ban Ding Yuan" in history.

9 don't think about it.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei occupied Shu and established Shu. After his death, his son Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, also known as Liu Adou. Liu Chan is incompetent. After the death of the sage, Shu was destroyed by Wei in 263 AD. After Liu Chan surrendered, Cao Mao of Wang Wei gave him the title of "An Le Gong" with no real power and moved him to Xuchang, Weijingdu.

Wang Wei himself has no real power, and Si Mazhao has the final say. At a banquet, Si Mazhao deliberately arranged to perform Sichuan songs and dances in front of Liu Chan. At the thought of the ruin of the old country, Liu Chan's followers were very sad, but they said to him, "Just have a good time here and don't think about Shu any more." He doesn't miss Shu at all.

According to this story, people derive the idiom "being happy without thinking" to describe some people who are content with the status quo and forget their roots. It also describes some people who are happy and forget their roots.

10 is under siege

Xiang Yu and Liu Bang originally agreed that the East and West of the Gorge (in present-day Rongxian County, Jia Luhe) would be the boundary, and they would not invade each other. Later, Liu Bang followed the advice of Sean and Chen Ping, and thought that Xiang Yu should be destroyed when he was weak. Then he chased Xiang Yu's army with Han Xin, Peng Yue and Liu Jia, and chased Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu) eastward. Finally, several layers of troops were arranged to tightly surround Xiang Yu (in the southeast of Lingbi County, Anhui Province). At this time, Xiang Yu's soldiers were few and there was no food. In the evening, he was very surprised to hear the troops around him singing Chu folk songs and said, "Is Liu Bang banned? Why are there so many Chu people in his army? " After talking, I lost my fighting spirit, so I got out of bed and drank in the camp. Sing with his favorite concubine Yu Ji. After singing, I cried, and everyone around me was very sad, and they all felt that they could not lift their heads. After a while, Xiang Yu got on his horse and escaped from the south with only 800 cavalry. Run away and fight, commit suicide by Wujiang River.

Because there is a story in this story that Xiang Yu was surprised to hear the songs of Chu songs around him, and then failed to commit suicide, people later used "besieged on all sides" to describe the personnel environment where people were attacked or persecuted from all directions, resulting in an embarrassing situation of isolation and helplessness.

1 1 at a loss.

In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Fu Jian, king of Qin, took control of northern China. In 383 AD, Fu Jian led 900,000 infantry and cavalry to attack the rulers in the south of the Yangtze River. Jin generals Xie Shi and Xie Xuan led eighty thousand troops to resist. Fu Jian learned that 8 jin j strength is insufficient, just want to seize the opportunity, quick attack.

Unexpectedly, 250,000 vanguard troops in Fu Jian were unexpectedly defeated by 8 Jin Army in Shouchun, and suffered heavy losses. The general was killed and more than ten thousand soldiers were killed or injured. Qin Jun's spirit fell sharply, his morale was shaken, and the soldiers fled in panic. At this point, Fu Jian saw the 8 jin j in Shouchun city, and his fighting spirit was high. Then he looked at Bagong Mountain in the north, and saw that every grass and tree on the mountain looked like nomads from the army. Fu Jian turned to his younger brother and said, "What a powerful enemy this is! How can we say that the 8 Jin Army is insufficient? " He regretted underestimating his enemy.

12 Ming Xiu plank road crosses Chencang.

Allusion: In order not to attract the attention of Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, Han Xin, the general of Liu Bang, ostensibly sent troops to repair the plank road and pretended to attack from it. In fact, he and Liu Bang commanded the main force, secretly copied the path to attack Chencang, and won while Zhang Han was unprepared.

Meaning: the illusion confuses the other party, but it is actually a different plan.

Dig a wall for lighting.

Kuang Heng is diligent and studious, but there is no candle lighting at home. There are candles in the neighbor's house, but the light can't reach his house, so Kuang Heng cut a hole in the wall to attract the neighbor's light, so that the light can shine on the book and read. There is a big family in the same town who is illiterate and rich. There are many books at home. Kuang Heng went to his house as an employee, and he didn't want to be paid. The host was surprised and asked him why. He said, "I hope I can get your book and read it through." Hearing this, the master sighed deeply and lent him the book. Therefore, Kuang Heng became a great scholar.

14 capsule firefly snow

In the Jin Dynasty, Che Yin was always eager to study, but because of his poor family, his father could not provide him with a good learning environment. In order to maintain food and clothing, there is no extra money to buy him lamp oil for evening study. To this end, he can only use this time to recite poems.

One night in summer, he was reciting an article in the yard when he suddenly saw many fireflies flying at low altitude. The flashing light is a bit dazzling in the dark. He thought, if many fireflies were gathered together, wouldn't it become a lamp? So he went to find a white silk bag and immediately caught dozens of fireflies in it, tied the mouth of the bag and hung it up. It's not very bright, but it can be used for reading. From then on, as long as there are fireflies, he will catch one to use as a lamp. Because he studied hard and practiced hard, he finally became an official in a high position.

The same is true of Sun Kang in the same dynasty. Because I have no money to buy lamp oil, I can't read at night, so I have to go to bed early. He felt it a pity to let time pass in vain.

One night in the middle of the night, he woke up from his sleep, turned his head out of the window and found a ray of light in the window. It turned out to be a reflection of heavy snow, which can be used for reading. So he was so tired that he immediately got dressed, took out his book and went outside. The snow reflected on the wide earth is much brighter than the snow in the room. Sun Kang ignored the cold and immediately read a book. His hands and feet were frozen stiff, so he got up and ran, rubbing his fingers at the same time. From then on, every snowy night, he never missed this good opportunity and studied tirelessly. This spirit of hard work has promoted his knowledge to advance by leaps and bounds and become a knowledgeable person. Later, he became a big official.

15 hanging beam butt joint

The idiom "hanging a beam and stabbing a stock" contains two stories of the ancients.

Let's talk about "hanging beam" first. The so-called "hanging beam" is to tie the hair with a rope and hang it on the roof beam. This is the story of Sun Jing, a Han Dynasty man. Sun Jing, whose real name is Wen Bao, is a native of Xindu (now Jixian County, Hebei Province). His spirit of diligent study is really rare. He often closes the door and goes on reading alone. People call him "Mr. Close the Door". When he is very tired, he often refuses to have a rest. Sometimes I am so tired that I doze off while reading. He was very angry with himself. He tied one end to the roof beam and the other end to his hair with a rope, keeping his head and neck upright, and then went on studying. In this way, if your head droops when you are tired and doze off, the rope will tie your hair tightly, wake Sun Jing up immediately and let him continue his study. Thanks to his years of hard work, he finally became a famous scholar.

Let's talk about "thorn" again. The so-called "stabbing" means stabbing yourself in the thigh with an awl. This is the story of Su Qin in the Warring States Period. Su Qin, born in Luoyang (now Luoyang City, Henan Province), is a famous strategist in the history of China. He felt that his knowledge was not good, so he made a determined effort to study. He was tired of reading at night and always dozed off, so he picked up an awl and stabbed himself in the thigh. The pain drove away the fatigue, and Su Qin went on reading. Later, Su Qin finally became a famous figure in the six countries.

According to the above two stories, later generations summed up the idiom "hanging the beam and stabbing the stock", which can describe the spirit of being diligent and eager to learn and study hard.

The bad start cast an ominous shadow on Fu Jian's mind, and he made his troops deploy on the north bank of Feishui in an attempt to turn the tide by virtue of geographical advantages. At this time, Xie Xuan, the general of the Jin army, told Qin Jun to step back a little and make way for a river. Fu Jian did Sarah laugh. The general of the Jin army didn't know the common sense of fighting. He wanted to take advantage of the fact that the Jin army was busy crossing the river and it was difficult to fight, so he gave it a surprise attack, so he readily accepted the request of the Jin army.

Who knows, when the military order to retreat came out, it fled like a flood, while the Jin army tried to cross the river in pursuit, abandoned its helmet and abandoned its armor, and the bodies were everywhere. Fu Jian fled with an arrow.

This story comes from Jin Shu's Fu Jian Zhai Ji. The idiom "all plants are soldiers" describes nervous and paranoid panic psychology.

16 Bu * * Dai Tian Pinyin B249G Dà i Ti ā n

Allusions to revenge for his father, Fu and * * * wear a heavenly palace. Book of Rites Quli Shang

Interpretation Wear: To wear or hold on the head. I don't want to coexist with my enemies under the same sky. Describe the depth of hatred.

Idiom story A.D. 1 138, Jin Guo sent messengers to coerce the Southern Song Emperor to hand over his account books and tables. Song Gaozong and Qin Gui were afraid of death and were ready to hand over their gold. Minister Hu Quan wrote "The Feudal Affairs of Emperor Gaozong in Wuwu" to express his opposition: "I swear not to wear heavenly clothes with Qin Gui and others, hoping to cut off his head and hang it at the city gate for public display, and then kill the envoys of Xu Jinguo. Otherwise I will die in the East China Sea. "

65438+y y dài shuǐ Pinyin y and y and dàI Shuǐ

I am the parents of the people. How can I not save my life with only clothes and water? Heather Chen Houzhu Ji

Interpretation of water as narrow as a belt. Although it is separated by rivers, lakes and seas, the distance is not far enough to be an obstacle to communication.

In 58 1 year, Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty replaced the Northern Zhou Dynasty as emperor and established the Sui Dynasty, which was called Emperor Wendi. After unifying the north, facing the Chen Dynasty south of the Yangtze River, he wanted to unify the whole country. He often says to his subordinates, "I am the parents of ordinary people. Is it because the Yangtze River like a belt can stop me from saving people there? " So he sent his troops across the river to destroy Chen.

Desperate

There was a nobleman named KATTO in the Zhou Dynasty. KATTO is not only talented in poetry, but also good at managing state affairs. Later, he was by Zhou Liwang's side to help handle state affairs. However, Zhou Liwang is arrogant and misinterprets the law. Treacherous court officials try their best to please. KATTO bluntly advised him and listed the disadvantages of state affairs, but the treacherous court official spoke ill of him in Zhou Liwang's ear. Zhou Liwang is very tired of KATTO. Since then, treacherous court officials have gone in and out, ignoring KATTO. KATTO was very angry and wrote a poem, which was later included in The Book of Songs. In the poem, he attacked the traitor and said, "There is no cure for evil!"

"incorrigible": terminally ill, medicine can't save it. Metaphorical thing

One hair in nine cowhide ―― A drop in the ocean

18 Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty () heard that Li Ling led troops into the Xiongnu border, and his morale was high. At this time,

Many ministers jokingly congratulated the emperor on his wisdom and good use of people. Later, Li Ling was defeated and surrendered. Emperor Wu was very angry and congratulated him.

The minister, in turn, called Li Ling useless and disloyal. Sima Qian stood there without saying a word at this moment, and Emperor Wu asked him about it.

Sima Qian bluntly said that Li Ling had only 5,000 infantry, but was surrounded by 80,000 tarkan, but still fought for more than ten days.

He killed more than 10,000 enemies in the battle and was a great general. Finally, because the food was exhausted, the road was cut off, only

To stop fighting, Li Ling didn't really surrender, but was waiting for an opportunity to serve his country. His contribution can still make up for his failure. Emperor Wu

Hearing him defend Li Ling, he satirized the emperor's closest relative, Li Guangli, for attacking Xiongnu from the front in vain, which made Sima Qian angry and put him in prison.

The following year, Li Ling was misrepresented as a soldier for Xiongnu. Emperor Wu killed Li Ling's mother and wife without making things clear. The seat of the royal government

In order to cater to the emperor, Zhou framed Sima Qian for framing the emperor and gave Sima Qian the most cruel and humiliating "corruption"

Punishment. "Sima Qian was devastated and wanted to commit suicide when he was in pain; But on second thought, a humble man like him

Death, in the eyes of many rich people, is just like "a drop in the bucket". Instead of sympathy, it makes people more angry.

Laughing at it, I decided to bear the burden of humiliation and use my life and time to write the great Historical Records with difficulty and tenacity.

Work. The ancients said that people with great courage have great wisdom, and Sima Qian is such a person. He knew that death was the only thing in his time.

A man with no status or fame like him is worse than a dead dog, so he lived bravely and finally finished the movie.

An unprecedented great historical work-Historical Records.

Sima Qian told this idea to his good friend Ren, and later people listened to him.

19 braving the wind and waves

In the ancient Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a general named Zong Qiming in Song State. He was brave and ambitious since he was a child. One day, Zong Yi's uncle asked him what his ambition was, and Zong Yi replied, "I would like to ride the wind and waves." I must break through all obstacles, go forward bravely and make a difference. After studying hard and working hard, Zong Yi finally became a general who can be good at fighting.

Later, people used "braving the wind and waves" to describe the spirit of facing difficulties.

20 "Seedling Growth"

During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a farmer in Song State. He always thinks that the crops in the field grow too slowly. He went to see them today and tomorrow and felt that the seedlings never seemed to grow taller. He thought to himself: Is there any way to make them grow taller and faster?

One day, he came to the field and pulled up the seedlings one by one. It took a lot of effort to pull up a large number of seedlings one by one. When he finished pulling out the seedlings, he was exhausted, but he was happy. When I got home, I boasted, "I'm exhausted today." I helped Miao Miao grow several inches! " "Hearing this, his son hurried to the field and found that all the seedlings in the field were dead.