Definition and Introduction of Symphony

Symphony is the sonata of the whole orchestra.

Symphony came into being during the Renaissance, but its meaning at that time was completely different from that now. Symphony at that time generally refers to all multi-part music. Including vocal music and instrumental music.

In the16-17th century, symphonies were used to deal with overtures and interludes in operas and oratorios. At this time, vocal music has been excluded from the concept of symphony, and "symphony" has since become a pure instrumental music.

/kloc-at the beginning of the 0/8th century, overtures and interludes began to be played in concerts without operas. This has played an important role in the development of symphony. Scarlatti, an Italian composer in Naples, laid a three-stage style of "Allegro-Adagio-Allegro (dance style)" for the overture in his works, which laid the most basic format for the later symphony movement format.

/kloc-In the second half of the 8th century, Mannheim School in Germany initiated the technique of melody music in overture creation, which improved the expressive force of musical instruments and the drama of music. On the basis of the three-stage overture, the allegro finale is added. In this way, the prototype of the four-movement instrumental suite was formed.

Three later musicians developed the classical symphony to the most mature stage, namely Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven. These three masters developed Vienna school of music and classicism to the peak. It also made the symphony enter its golden age. Beethoven developed the connotation and ideological system of the symphony to a new realm, and the concept of symphony in the modern sense was formed during this period.

Later, after inheriting the essence of classicism, European romantic composers made innovations in the content, modeling, band arrangement and even titles of symphonies to varying degrees. During this period, symphonies were freer in form, richer in color and more diverse in expression.

After entering the 20th century, the symphony is still developing, and more and more new elements have been added to it. The magnificent, delicate and expressive symphony still has a large number of firm fans.

The structure of the classical symphony is as follows:

1. The first movement: sonata form, 2. allegro

3. The second movement: 4 replies to 5. Trilogy or Variations 6. slow

7. The third movement: minuet or scherzo, 8. Allegro.

9. Fourth Movement: Sonata or Rondo, 10. Allegro.

The orchestra that plays the symphony is the symphony orchestra. Every country and even every city is proud of having a symphony orchestra with exquisite water quality.

Concerto is a genre of music. The 16th century refers to an Italian acoustic music accompanied by musical instruments. Since the second half of17th century, it refers to an instrumental suite in which one or several solo instruments compete with an orchestra. The combination of several solo instruments formed during the Baroque period is called the Grand Concerto. A control concerto, which was formed in the period of classical music school and played by a violin, piano, cello and other instruments, is called "solo concerto". Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven and many romantic composers have created a large number of solo concertos. There are also two complex concertos (or double concertos) in which the same or different instruments compete with the band, three triple concertos in which the same or different instruments compete with the band, one-movement concertino, and controlled concertos in which the bands compete with each other. Concertos that are often controlled are mostly composed of three-movement suites: the first movement is Sonata for Allegro, the second movement is Adagio, and the third movement is Allegro. The first movement of some concertos of classical music and romantic music mostly adopts double presentation part. First, the orchestra plays the first presentation part, then the solo instrument joins in, and then the solo instrument mainly plays another second presentation part with different content. In addition, before the end of the first movement and the third movement, a cadenza played by a solo instrument is inserted after the second inversion chord of the main chord, and a long vibrato belonging to this chord is used to transition to the end of the orchestral ensemble.

"Light music" is a kind of music category. Figuratively speaking, it is a light weapon in music, which is roughly the same as essays, jokes and lyric poems in literature. It is light, popular, small and exquisite, easy to understand and easily accepted by people. It is in sharp contrast with large-scale art forms such as symphony, concerto, chorus and orchestra. In the folk, light music is very popular and has a wide range of social significance and spiritual functions. But in the form of light music, many works are low-level yellow. Therefore, as far as its political content is concerned, light music is good or bad, and there is progress and backwardness.

There are many kinds of light music, including ordinary life songs, lyric songs, humorous songs and satirical songs, as well as some operettas, waltzes, small orchestral overtures and serenades, as well as some orchestral sketches, movie songs and dance music.

Compared with other music forms, the style and characteristics of light music are more vivid and interesting, especially its melodies are particularly beautiful. Some symphonies, orchestras, choruses and other works often rely on harmony, orchestration, polyphony and other technical means, while light music relies on the beauty of melody. Therefore, light music requires more beautiful and brisk tunes than other music forms. A lyric song should be elegant and euphemistic; A waltz should have a clear rhythm and melodious tone, a humorous song should give people a happy infection, and a satirical song should be spicy and sharp. The unique performance characteristics of these light music have formed their own style.

Light music is adapted by popular means and played by small bands, creating a warm and romantic artistic conception. The melody is relaxed and beautiful, with a leisurely nature. Light music has simple structure, bright rhythm and beautiful melody. It has no profound connotation, but just wants to bring people relaxed enjoyment. Because it is relaxed and lively, it is very appropriate to call it light music. But it is different from pop music with pop songs as its core, and pop music has distinct characteristics of the times.