20 19-0 1-03

Fourth, the concepts of time, space and universe (space-time) and related discussions.

(A) the absoluteness and relativity of time and space

Everything has absoluteness and relativity, as well as in time and space. Both have absoluteness and relativity. That is, there are both absolute and relative time and space. They are the unity of absoluteness and relativity. Without absolute time and space, there is no relative time and space. On the contrary, there is no absolute space-time without relativity.

Because the absoluteness and relativity of things are two complementary and inseparable opposites of things or movements. It is also the unity of opposites of two mutual changes. That is, under certain conditions, these two opposites can be transformed into each other. Under different contradictory conditions, its absolute degree and relative degree are different. Because the existence and movement of all things are unity of opposites. Therefore, in the process of studying anything, we should not ignore the two sides of the contradiction.

Space and time exist at the same time, so the space with the concept of time is called time and space. Newton's absolute absolute view of time and space and Einstein's absolute absolute relative view of time and space did not look at the problem comprehensively from the characteristics of the existence and movement of things, and only emphasized one aspect of contradiction and denied the other in the research process, thus making one-sided mistakes. Because of this, applying their theory of time and space can not explain the true meaning of the existence and movement of all things in essence.

Only on the basis of learning from each other's strengths, Newton's absolute view of time and space and Einstein's relative view of time and space are unified, and absolute and relative views of time and space are established, which is the correct view of time and space or the view of the universe and can better serve the exploration and scientific research of the universe.

(B) the concept of time

Definition and characteristics of 1. time

Time is a conceptual parameter that people use to record or measure the beginning (when to start) and end (when to end) of a specific event, as well as the length or speed of the evolution process in space. Everything or process exists with time. But time is not a thing or a process. That is, the moment when anything or process comes into being, that is, the time when that thing or process was born. When a thing or process ends, the time it has existed or experienced will give it a conclusion of how long it has existed. The time from its end to its birth or the cumulative time from birth to end is the survival time of a thing or process. However, although things or processes have ended, time itself will not stop because of the end of things or processes, but it still, and always, stretches in the same direction with unhurried speed, regardless of people's subjective will. Therefore, time is eternal, it guides and pushes without beginning or end, and it is constantly moving. Things and processes can evolve in the opposite direction to time, but time will never go back. We can divide time into past time, present time and future time. However, strictly speaking, time is divided into past (past) time and future (future) time, but there is no present time. Because the last moment is the past and the previous moment is the future. If there is present time, then present time is only a moment when time is changing (from the future to the past). The age of everything is the accumulation of every moment.

2. Timing method and calendar

There are many kinds of timing methods, from ancient sand leakage timing method and dripping timing method to the projection method of the vertical pointer at the center of the dial in the sun. Until modern mechanical clocks and electronic watches. Since ancient times, timing instruments have become more and more precise, and the measurement of time has become more and more accurate.

Because the ancients found that the four seasons of a year, the alternation of day and night in a day, the moon's waning and waning ... and the changes of the sun, the moon and the stars all have periodic changes, they mistakenly thought that time was a cyclical thing. So it doesn't matter whether the time is accurate or not, as long as it is repeated every day and every year. However, in the face of the fact that events are gone forever, I realize that time is always moving in one direction and will not stop and go backwards. I also realize the necessity of accurate timing. Therefore, the mechanical (clockwork) clock was invented in modern times. Modern times have invented more advanced atomic clocks or electronic pulse meters with more accurate timing.

The phenomenon that time goes round and round (actually an illusion) is not caused by time itself, and time is eternal. But ... because the sun, the moon, the stars and other celestial bodies and everything are moving in circles, this creates the illusion that time is circulating. However, through the study of these astronomical phenomena, people have created a calendar that can accurately record the year, month, day and time, and serve human survival activities. For example, a calendar created according to the laws of the moon's circle and circle. The full moon is 1 month (equivalent to 29 and a half days of Earth Day), one year 12 months, and leap year 13 months. This month is 30 days older and 29 days younger. For example, the Gregorian calendar (or earth calendar) means that the earth rotates 24 hours a week and the earth rotates around the sun for 365 days a year. Another example is the Venus calendar, in which Venus rotates for 243 days and revolves around the sun for 224.5 days. One day in Venus is equivalent to 1 17 days in the earth calendar. So the chronograph calendar on the earth only applies to the earth. The Venus calendar also applies only to Venus. If you want to interoperate, you must make tedious transformations. And the error is large. It cannot be applied to all space layers outside the solar system.

The clock with the most accurate vibration frequency in the universe is not an atomic clock or an electronic pulsometer, but a quantum clock. The vibration frequency of quantum microwave radiation is the only and most basic vibration frequency of primary particles in the universe, which is not affected by the natural frequencies of all layers of matter in the universe. Therefore, a clock with quantum vibration frequency should be used to uniformly measure the time of any process in the universe.

3. Timing error

There are many factors that cause time measurement errors, mainly in the following aspects:

(1) visual error, due to the difference of vision and reading direction. Needless to say, two or more people have different reading time values, that is, there are errors in the reading time values of the same person twice.

(2) Errors caused by the manufacturing accuracy (quality) of the timing device itself. Just like a brand of clocks and watches, when comparing two clocks, there is the fact that the accuracy of one clock is higher or lower than that of the other clock.

(3) Different timing devices will inevitably lead to different time measurement results. Such as sand leakage, drip leakage, projection and other timing methods used in ancient times, not only have backward facilities, but also have large measurement errors. There is also a big error in measuring time with them at the same time. With the progress of the times, the accuracy of the equipment used for timing is getting higher and higher, and the accuracy of the measured time value is getting more and more accurate. If you use a mechanical clock, it is far more accurate than the ancient timer. Modern times use atomic clocks and electronic pulse clocks to time more accurately. But even so, they still have timing errors caused by different manufacturing accuracy.

4. Errors caused by environmental factors

Different environmental conditions of clocks and watches will also cause timing errors, especially the worse the environmental conditions, the greater the time value error. Even clocks with the same brand and accuracy have different time values in different environments. For example, we put five clocks with the same brand and the same accuracy (ignoring the actual accuracy error) in five different environmental conditions, the first one on the plain with high air density and the second one on the mountain with thin air. The third one is put in a glass box after pumping air (not vacuum), and the fourth one is put on a magnetic iron plate. The fifth one is placed on the table in the room under standard pressure as a standard reference table. Then contact by wireless phone, and the time is 10 hour. In this way, we will find that the time values calculated in the first four clocks are not only different, but also different from those in the fifth standard reference table (10 hour). Suppose the first watch moves slowly because of the high air density in the plain and the resistance of hands. The time value is 9: 30. When the second watch goes, the resistance of the pointer is small because of the thin air on the mountain, and the time value is 10: 30. When the third watch leaves, because the air in the glass box has been pumped away, there is little gas left, so the resistance of the hands is even smaller, and the time value is 12 hour. The fourth watch moves slowly because of the influence of magnetic force, and the time value is 5 hours. Their differences in time seem to indicate that time has become longer or shorter. In fact, due to different timing environments, the resistance of watch hands when walking is also different. Walk slowly when the resistance is high, and walk fast when the resistance is low, so the measured time value is different. Its time value is the time value under the environmental conditions of the clock, and the time itself does not change quickly or slowly.

5. Time error and conceptual error

To illustrate the problem, use a short story to illustrate it. It is said that there is a family living by the mountain, and there is a dark cave with water all the year round at the foot of the house. Its cave walls are composed of rocks rich in magnetite. The master wants a name. Of course. One day, he had the idea of raising fish in the cave. So I bought a lot of fry and prepared enough fuel and food for the lamp. I chose an auspicious day to enter the cave to deal with this matter. He chose a good address in the cave and moved stones to build a fish pond. According to the calendar, it took 24 hours to finish the work. So I packed my tools and went home. When he came home and saw his calendar, he was surprised! It turned out that he had discovered a big secret. 24 hours in the cave, 24 days have passed on earth. It immediately occurred to me that my time in the cave was 23 days less than that at home. In other words, he is 23 days younger than staying at home. In fact, this is just a taken-for-granted idea. In fact, he also stayed in the cave for 24 days, and the time itself did not change, but the time value calculated by his calendar was very slow under the influence of the magnetic force in the cave. I only walk for an hour every day, resulting in the phenomenon that 24 hours in the cave is equal to 24 days outside the cave.

Einstein's theory of relativity points out that for a stationary observer, when an object moves at a speed close to the speed of light, time will slow down. If you want to visit the earth again after the Millennium, you only need to travel to a star 500 light years away at a speed of 99.995% (flying for 500 years) and then return to the earth (it takes 500 years). At this time, the earth is 1 0,000 years old, and you are only 10 years old. This conclusion is as untenable as the short story. According to the earth's time, flying in space at the speed of light 1000 years is the same as staying on the earth 1000 years. Therefore, it cannot be said that astronauts are only 10 years old, but they should also be 1000 years old. Musgrove, who spent 534 days repairing the Hubble telescope in space orbit, said it was younger than staying at home 1 millisecond, saying that high-speed flight could shorten the time. In fact, this is also unreasonable. Needless to say, the clock is in weightlessness in space, and the time error is caused by the natural vibration frequency of different substances in each layer of the universe. Even the speed of stopwatch movement and the error of visual reading are far greater than 1 millisecond. Therefore, this is just a technical joke. It is also ridiculous to say that people who live on Mercury for 30 years are 22 seconds younger than those who stay at home on Earth for 30 years. Needless to say, the time error conversion between mercury and the earth is more than 22 seconds a day. These are all deceptions that mislead children.

6, the relationship between time and speed and force

Everything in the universe is in motion, both absolute and relatively static. The state of any object is both absolute and relative, and it is the unity of opposites. The equilibrium state of any object is determined by several interrelated factors. When one of the factors changes, the equilibrium state of the object will be broken and changed (including the state of consciousness), and its new equilibrium state will be released under the control of the cosmic quantum force field. Therefore, the change (fast or slow) of the motion speed of any object is the result of the change of acting force and reaction force. Its motion is absolute, but its speed is relative, especially in comparison.

Celestial bodies (objects) or light move at different speeds in different media. Different media produce different resistances or reactions, thus affecting the speed of motion of objects. Objects or light waves with high force (high energy) move faster in the same medium than those with low force (low energy), and their speeds are the same only if the force or energy are the same. The greater the density of the medium, the greater the resistance of the moving object and the slower the moving speed, and vice versa. The time required for an object to move a certain distance depends on the speed. Fast takes less time, slow takes more time. The speed of an object depends on the influence of acting force and reaction force (resistance). Strong force is fast, and small force is slow. At the same time, the reaction force is large (resistance is large), the speed is slow, the reaction force is small and the speed is fast. And whether the speed is faster or slower than the original speed of the object. And time itself is absolute, it will not change its length. But it is relative. Its relativity means that when an object moves at a constant distance, the time it takes decreases with its speed. It increases as the speed decreases.

When an object with a certain speed enters a medium space with high resistance, it moves faster because of the small resistance. Instead of getting shorter. When entering the quantum space (quantum field space), the speed of the object is greatly improved because of the small resistance, even reaching the speed of light.

7. Relationship between time and temperature, mass and energy exchange.

Everything in the universe is evolved from energy, and it is all evolved from light quantum with various wavelengths or frequencies, so all objects have explicit energy (thermal energy) and implicit energy (structural energy), so all objects are cold and hot. Its hot and cold degree is expressed by temperature. In other words, temperature is a parameter to measure how much heat energy is released or absorbed when a substance or mass evolves. Generally, there are two metering methods for measuring the temperature of thermal energy. One is the temperature of Celsius (represented by the symbol℃), which means that the temperature at which water and ice coexist is set to 0 degrees (that is, 0 degrees). The boiling temperature of water at 1 standard atmospheric pressure is set to 100℃ (i.e. 100℃). Each division is 1 degree. The other is the absolute temperature, which is represented by the symbol K. The scale value of the absolute temperature is the same as that of the temperature in Celsius. Just set the temperature at -273. 16℃ (or -273. 16℃) as absolute 0 degrees, and write 0K. That is, 0℃ is the absolute temperature of 273. 16K.

In the universe, the temperature can rise infinitely (in fact, there is an extreme value of extreme return), but the temperature reduction does have a value that can only be approached infinitely and can never be reached (in fact, there is also an extreme value), that is, absolute zero (0K). This value is -273. 16℃.

The temperature of an object can rise indefinitely, indicating that the explicit energy or thermal energy of the object is high (high energy level), while the implicit energy or structural energy is relatively low. Implicit (structural) energy is high (high degree of materialization) and explicit energy (thermal energy) is relatively low. However, the energy level of any object is the unity of opposites. When the temperature of any object changes, many properties of the object will also change. And transformed into solid phase, liquid phase and gas phase. That is, when a solid is heated to a certain temperature, it will become a liquid or a gas. If the temperature continues to rise. Gaseous substances can be pyrolyzed into atoms … until they are converted into quantum (energy particles).

The evolution of mass and energy, the speed of the interaction of all things, or the formation of objects with different material structures and different energy contents are all related to their temperature or heat, and they all change with the change of temperature. And it takes some time to complete its evolution. Time has the same measure for any process (including the distance of movement), and the speed of the process (such as the speed of object movement or the evolution of mass energy and the speed of interaction between all things) is caused by the changes of its internal and external factors. It is not caused by the time itself getting longer and shorter. As for the length of time required for any process. Mainly determined by their temperature or speed. The temperature is high, the evolution speed is fast, and the time required is naturally short. When the temperature is low, the evolution speed is slow, and the time required is bound to be long. In other words, the time required only depends on the temperature or the speed of interaction. Time itself will not change its length, it will always advance at a constant speed, which is absolute. But it is relative, and its relativity is to compare the time required for its evolution at the original speed, that is, the time decreases with the increase of temperature or the acceleration of speed, and increases with the decrease of temperature or the slowdown of speed. We must never separate or reverse the cause and effect, and use what time to change its length or speed to guide the study of the evolution of the mass and energy of the universe, the interaction of all things and the evolution of the movement of all things, so as to avoid its complexity and arduousness.