How does Ye Shengtao learn Chinese?

Ye Shengtao's Yu Ming's English Theory on Learning Chinese was published in 2065 438+00. 9. 8.

Mr. Ye Shengtao, a famous educator, has always advocated that developing good habits should be placed in an extremely important position. In his On Education and Chinese Teaching, there are more than 100 articles on habits. According to our incomplete statistics, we can see how much he attaches importance to cultivating good habits of young students. He even thinks that the whole purpose of education is to cultivate students' good habits. He said, "What is education? To put it simply, in a word, it is to form good habits. In moral education, we should develop good habits of dealing with people; In intellectual education, we should form a good habit of seeking knowledge and being familiar with skills; In sports, we should form a good habit of protecting and promoting health. The education in our socialist society is to enable students to develop all good living habits in socialist society. " We agree with Ye Shengtao very much. It is not too much to put the cultivation of good habits in the supreme position of all kinds of education, because good habits belong to the category of "being a man", and "being a man" is infinitely more important than "learning". Good habits are formed and will be used for a lifetime; Bad habits are formed, and you will suffer for life. Developing good Chinese learning habits is an important part of Ye Shengtao's habit-forming theory. He believes that as far as Chinese is concerned, teachers must encourage and guide young students to form two good habits as soon as possible, one is the good habit of absorbing (listening and reading) and the other is the good habit of expressing (speaking and writing) in language. Specifically, Ye Shengtao thinks that to learn Chinese well, at least let students form such good habits as soon as possible. Obedience, a good habit of obedience, cannot be left in people's work and life for a moment. When educational psychologists observe the frequency of general language activities, they get the following results: "Listening accounts for 45%, speaking accounts for 30%, reading accounts for 16%, and writing accounts for 9%." It can be seen that the main way for people to acquire knowledge is by "listening". Ye Shengtao pointed out in the "Chinese Curriculum Standards for Middle Schools": "When you listen to people, you can understand each other's gist without misunderstanding. You can also judge whether it is right or wrong, whether it is appropriate or not, and why. " In order to achieve this goal, teachers must strengthen effective "listening" training for students in peacetime. In the whole training process, we should pay special attention to the word "concentration" and always pay attention to the targeted training according to the differences of different students' ages, regions and knowledge. Generally speaking, we should follow the principles of slow before fast, simple after complex, concrete after abstract, so as to improve all the elements of students' listening ability. By that time, students have formed a good habit of listening attentively, the quality of listening will be greatly improved, and the ability formed in listening can really enjoy life. Ye Shengtao believes that in Chinese reading teaching, teachers should do everything possible to stimulate students' interest in reading. The teacher's responsibility is not to put the article into the students' minds, because the teacher can't follow the students all his life. Teachers only need to correct, supplement and explain to students after preview; Only in this way can students practice reading by themselves in the pre-class preparation stage, gain the benefits of learning and pondering in the class discussion stage, and taste the sweetness of reading. As early as 1924, Ye Shengtao wrote an article on "Speaking Training", which attached great importance to children's speaking training. Therefore, in school, teachers must strictly train students to speak, otherwise "they will not be good at speaking when they leave school, or even at the end of the day." Modern linguists divide the elements of speaking ability into five types: directionality, coding, language expression, voice control and situational coordination. To this end, we train students to speak, and we can use reading, retelling, speaking, discussion and other forms in class; It can also be combined with composition teaching to train students' oral ability, such as speaking before writing, commenting after writing, oral composition and so on. As for daily life, speech training can be carried out at any time, such as sympathy, reception, speech and so on. Of course, it is best to have a teacher's guidance. Students can not only improve their oral English, but also improve their communicative competence and ideological and moral character. Good habit of writing at any time writing is a skill that needs long-term continuous practice. Ye Shengtao once had this idea: "Can students form the habit of keeping a diary from the senior grade of primary school?" Or don't keep a diary, can you get into the habit of taking notes? No matter what you do, play, think and find interesting, it will be recorded. A sentence or two, or a few hundred words, is fine, and you don't have to lengthen or shorten it. In short, seek truth from facts, tell the truth, and be responsible for yourself ... If you can form such a habit, the method of propositional composition seems to be abolished. Teachers only need to look through students' diaries or notebooks at any time and give them some necessary guidance. "It is gratifying that more and more Chinese teachers in primary and secondary schools are trying to reform composition teaching according to Ye Shengtao's ideas, so that students can write more and practice more, form a good habit of writing at any time, and their writing level has improved quite rapidly. A good habit of correcting articles by yourself. Why do you have to revise the article after writing it? Because it is inevitable and normal that there are such mistakes or mistakes in the first draft, it can only be perfected after repeated consideration, deliberation and revision. Why is it better to modify it yourself than to let the teacher or others modify it? Because only by actively modifying yourself can you get practical exercise. To this end, Ye Shengtao strongly opposes the Chinese teacher's "careful evaluation and careful revision" of students' compositions, and advocates that students should be inspired and guided to revise themselves on the basis of carefully reviewing students' compositions. Teachers should never do what students should do and keep themselves busy doing invalid work, but students will never modify it. Good habits of standardizing writing Whether primary and secondary school students can standardize writing is closely related to teachers. Therefore, the teacher's blackboard writing and comments should at least be correct and clear, and the strokes should be correct. If teachers themselves don't take standardized writing seriously, students will certainly follow suit, and the consequences will be unimaginable. Ye Shengtao wrote back to a Chinese teacher in September, 1972, saying, "I want to give you some advice. Write correctly and clearly ... It doesn't matter if the handwriting is bad or the strokes are unclear. If the person who asks to see it is laborious and discerning, it is not in line with the views of the masses. " In today's vigorously promoting quality education, it is important to change the style of writing and standardize the style of writing. We are glad to see that many primary and middle school students can write good words, but students who scribble and write wrong common words (including college students and graduate students (Q bar)) still account for a considerable proportion. Therefore, through the joint efforts of teachers and students, we must strengthen training and gradually form a good habit of writing correctly and clearly, first right and then fast, both right and fast. As we all know, no high-quality dictionary can be compiled by one person or several people. At present, you can buy different versions of dictionaries in Xinhua Bookstore all over the country, but you need to select treasures from them. Some people don't understand the true meaning of idioms such as "make a comeback", "when you are in love", "empty street", "unpublished theory", "beautiful" and "unhappy", and when they speak or write articles, they make many jokes and sometimes even embarrass themselves. In fact, you only need to look it up in the dictionary. Looking up a dictionary often means living with a large number of respected and knowledgeable experts who can consult at any time. Why not do such a good thing? Good habit of being good at self-study. The learning of knowledge and the improvement of ability are endless. Everyone should learn from old age. There are teachers in the school, but people spend only a small part of their lives in the school, and a lot of time is not in the school. After embarking on social work, we should still give priority to self-study. Practice has proved that dribs and drabs mastered by self-study are often more conducive to guiding their work and life. The good habit of self-study should not be cultivated after leaving school, but during school, and the earlier the better. Ye Shengtao's good habit of learning Chinese is closely related to the development and improvement of young students' Chinese quality. Therefore, most of his series of correct ideas have been written into the Chinese curriculum standards by the Ministry of Education. We hope that all Chinese teachers and students will attach great importance to the cultivation of good Chinese habits, because only by cultivating these good habits can our Chinese teaching really get out of the swamp of "less, slower, worse and more expensive" and enter the smooth road of "more, faster, better and cheaper" as soon as possible.