Mathematical tabloid

Here are some materials that you can sort out at will.

The first part: Mathematical stories.

1. Archimedes, an ancient Greek scholar, died at the hands of Roman enemy soldiers who attacked Sicily. ), people carved the figure of the ball in the cylinder on his tombstone to commemorate his discovery that the volume and surface area of the ball are two-thirds of that of the circumscribed cylinder.

Galois was born in a town not far from Paris. His father is the principal of this school and has served as the mayor for many years. The influence of family makes Galois always brave and fearless. 1823, 12-year-old galois left his parents to study in Paris. Not content with boring classroom indoctrination, he went to find the most difficult mathematics original research by himself. Some teachers also helped him a lot. Teachers' evaluation of him is "only suitable for working in the frontier field of mathematics".

Archimedes was born in Syracuse, Sicily, at the southern tip of the Italian peninsula in 287 BC. Father is a mathematician and astronomer. Archimedes had a good family upbringing since childhood. 1 1 years old, was sent to study in Alexandria, the cultural center of Greece. In this famous city known as the "Capital of Wisdom", Archimedes Job collected books and learned a lot of knowledge, and became a protege of Euclid students erato Sese and Cannon, studying geometric elements.

Part two: Mathematics in life.

Learning mathematics should be used in real life. Mathematics is used by people to solve practical problems. In fact, there will be math problems in life. For example, when you go shopping, you will naturally use addition and subtraction, and you always have to draw pictures when you build a house. There are countless problems like this, and this knowledge comes from life and is finally summed up as mathematical knowledge, which solves more practical problems.

I once saw a report that a professor asked a group of foreign students, "How many times will the minute hand and the hour hand overlap between 12 and 1?" Those students all took off their watches from their wrists and began to set hands; When the professor tells the same question to the students in China, the students will use mathematical formulas to make calculations. The commentary said that it can be seen that China students' mathematical knowledge is transferred from books to their brains, so they can't use it flexibly. They seldom think of learning and mastering mathematics knowledge in real life.

From then on, I began to consciously connect mathematics with daily life. Once, my mother baked a cake, and two cakes could be put in the pot. I thought, isn't this a math problem? It takes two minutes to bake a cake, one minute in front and one minute in the back. At most, two cakes are put in the pot at the same time. How many minutes does it take to bake three cakes at most? I thought about it and came to the conclusion that it takes 3 minutes: first, put the first cake and the second cake into the pot at the same time, 1 minute later, take out the second cake, put the third cake and turn the first cake over; Bake again 1 min, so that the first cake is ready. Take it out. Then put the reverse side of the second cake on it, and turn the third cake upside down at the same time, so it will be all done in 3 minutes.

I told my mother about this idea, and she said, actually, it won't be so coincidental. There must be an error, but the algorithm is correct. It seems that we must apply what we have learned in order to make mathematics serve our lives better.

Mathematics should be studied in life. Some people say that the knowledge in books has little to do with reality now. This shows that their knowledge transfer ability has not been fully exercised. It is precisely because learning cannot be well understood and applied in daily life that many people do not attach importance to mathematics. I hope that students can learn mathematics in their lives and use mathematics in their lives. Mathematics is inseparable from life. If they study thoroughly, they will naturally find that mathematics is actually very useful.

Part III: Mathematical jokes.

Not a bathhouse

Amy Nord, a German mathematician, got a doctorate, but she is not qualified to teach because she needs to write another paper before the professor will discuss whether to grant her the qualification as a lecturer.

Hilbert, a famous mathematician at that time, appreciated Amy's talent very much. He ran around asking for permission to be the first female lecturer at the University of G? ttingen, but there was still controversy at the professor meeting.

A professor said excitedly, "How can a woman be a lecturer?" If she is allowed to be a lecturer, she will become a professor in the future and even enter the university Council. Can women be allowed to enter the highest academic institutions of universities? "

Another professor said, "How do our soldiers feel when they come back from the battlefield and find themselves prostrating themselves at the feet of women?"

Hilbert stood up and firmly refuted: "gentlemen, the gender of the candidate should never be an argument against her becoming a lecturer." After all, the university Council is not a bathing hall! "

part four

Interesting math

1

Let's try to run an 80-suite hotel and see how knowledge becomes wealth.

According to the survey, if we set the daily rent as 160 yuan, we can be full; And every time the rent goes up in 20 yuan, three guests will be lost. Daily expenses for services, maintenance, etc. Each occupied room is calculated in 40 yuan.

Question: How can we set the price to be the most profitable?

A: The daily rent is 360 yuan.

Although 200 yuan was higher than the full price, we lost 30 guests, but the remaining 50 guests still brought us 360*50= 18000 yuan. After deducting 40*50=2000 yuan for 50 rooms, the daily net profit is 16000 yuan. When the customer is full, the net profit is only 160*80-40*80=9600 yuan.

Of course, the so-called "learned through investigation" market was actually invented by myself, so I entered the market at my own risk.

2

Sunzi Suanjing is one of the top ten famous arithmetical classics in the early Tang Dynasty. It is an arithmetic textbook with three volumes. The first volume describes the system of counting, the rules of multiplication and division, and the middle volume illustrates the method of calculating scores and Kaiping with examples, which are all important materials for understanding the ancient calculation in China. The second book collects some arithmetic problems, and the problem of "chickens and rabbits in the same cage" is one of them. The original question is as follows: let pheasant (chicken) rabbits be locked together, with 35 heads above and 94 feet below.

Male rabbit geometry?

The solution of the original book is; Let the number of heads be a and the number of feet be b, then b/2-a is the number of rabbits and a-(b/2-a) is the number of pheasants. This solution is really great. When solving this problem, the original book probably adopted the method of equation.

Let x be the pheasant number and y be the rabbit number, then there is

x+y=b，2x+4y=a

Get a solution

y=b/2-a，

x=a-(b/2-a)

According to this set of formulas, it is easy to get the answer to the original question: 12 rabbits, 22 pheasants.

Look at what the content needs and find it yourself.

Here's how,

Many handwritten newspapers can be used for reference. Besides, it is not difficult to make handwritten newspapers. Here are the steps to make a handwritten newspaper:

How to design and make handwritten newspapers can be described from these three aspects:

First, the steps of beautification and design;

The second is the performance of header, illustration and tail flower;

Third, edit and copy the production process.

First, beautification and design

The beautification design of handwritten newspaper mainly includes: layout design and header, title flower, illustration, tail flower and lace design.

1, layout design

Layout design is an important link in making a good handwritten newspaper.

To design a good layout, we must pay attention to the following points:

(1) Make clear what is the main content of this issue's handwritten newspaper, and choose a meaningful header (i.e. registration). Generally, the header should be designed in the most eye-catching position;

(2) Read through the edited or written article and calculate its word count, and edit it according to the content and length of the article (that is, typesetting). Generally, important articles are placed in a prominent position (that is, on the front page);

(3) pay attention to the combination of long and short articles interspersed with horizontal and vertical rows to make the layout clean and lively;

(4) attention should also be paid to typesetting: the arrangement of words should be mainly horizontal and supplemented by vertical, the line spacing should be greater than the word spacing, there should be gaps between articles, there should be gaps between articles and edges, and there should be about 3CM blank edges around the paper. In addition, newspapers should always be kept clean and tidy.

2. Header

Headlines play a direct role, which must closely match the theme and vividly reflect the main ideas of handwritten newspapers. Registration should have a positive, healthy and meaningful name.

Headers are generally determined by theme graphics, header text and geometric color blocks or laces, or serious or lively, or square or round, or elegant or colorful.

Header design should pay attention to:

(1) The composition should be stable, the picture structure should be compact, the header design and expression should be concise, and the theme of handwritten newspaper should be reflected at a glance;

(2) its characters should be large, with lines or letters, or color or black and white;

(3) There are several design schemes for its position: first, if the typesetting design is two pages, it should be placed at the upper right; Second, if the typesetting design is full-page, it can be in the middle, on the left or on the right. Generally, it is designed at the upper part of the page, not at the lower end.

3. Title

The title (that is, the title flower) is usually in front of the article or combined with the title picture of the article. When designing the title, pay attention to the title text, which is slightly larger. Decorative graphics should be based on the content and layout of the article. The title of the article should be smaller than the title body, but larger than the body. In short, we should pay attention to clear priorities.

4. Illustrations and codices

Illustration is designed according to the needs of content and layout decoration. Good illustrations can beautify the layout and help readers understand the content of the article. Don't occupy too big a position in illustrations and credits, it is easy to appear empty and messy. Tail flowers are mostly designed for the needs of page beautification, mostly flowers or geometric patterns. Illustrations and transcripts are not necessary for all articles. The more the better, the more the better.

5.shoelaces

Lace is indispensable in handwritten newspapers. Some headers and headers can be designed with lace; Important articles are framed with lace; Articles can also be separated by lace; Some whole pages can also be separated up and down or left and right with lace. In the use of lace, straight lines or wavy lines are often used.

Second, the head painting, illustration, the end of the flower expression.

The expressions of head painting, illustration and tail painting can be roughly divided into line drawing and color block painting.

1, draw a line

It requires concise and general images, accurate lines and clear focus. Pay attention to some steps when painting:

(1) generally sketch the main line-determine the angle, direction and size;

(2) Draw the scale, structure and perspective related to the diagram;

(3) Describe the details, and draw the rhythm changes of lines in combination with body structure, composition and color;

(4) Finally, arrange them to make the picture complete and unified.

2. Color block painting

In addition to accurate modeling, we should also be good at dealing with the collocation and change relationship of color blocks, which should be handled from the needs of the object to make the layout colorful. When drawing, you can draw a pencil draft first (modeling is as accurate as possible), and then evenly apply large color blocks; Details after characterization; Finally, it is trimmed to make it more unified and perfect.

Line drawing and color block drawing are usually used at the same time, which can be multicolored or monochrome. Whether it's line drawing or color block drawing, it's best not to draw only with a pencil. Graphics or text on a page cannot be cut and pasted.

Third, the compilation and drawing steps of handwritten newspaper

Editing and drawing is an important step from conception to concrete completion.

There are two steps: one is the preparation stage, and the other is the preparation stage.

1, preparation stage.

Mainly the preparation of various materials and tools. Specifically, it includes: drafting the registration of the current handwritten newspaper; Prepare a blank sheet of paper (the size depends on the need, such as half-open, four-open, eight-open, etc.). The handwritten newspaper competition organized by the Political and Educational Affairs Office is required to be the size of Jiangxi Daily, that is, half open); Edit and write relevant written materials (prepare more articles); Writing and drawing tools, etc.

2. Preparation stage.

This stage is the main process of making handwritten newspapers. Roughly: layout design, copying process, beautification process.

(1) Layout design: typesetting according to the length of the article, and drawing a grid or grid line (generally sketched with a pencil, and handwritten newspaper can be erased or not).

(2) Copying process: refers to the writing of articles. Handwritten newspaper paper is mostly white, and carbon ink should be used for writing; Font should be running script and regular script, less cursive script and seal script; The size of the words should be moderate (in line with the usual reading habits). Don't be afraid if the handwriting is not very good. The key is to write neatly. In addition, typos are not allowed in articles or titles.

(3) Beautifying process: After copying the article, you can draw illustrations, tail flowers and lace (it is not advisable to copy illustrations first) to beautify the whole layout. This process is the key to the layout effect of handwritten newspaper.

The handwritten newspaper can be in black and white or in color. It can be comprehensive or thematic. The design requirements and steps of handwritten newspaper and blackboard newspaper are basically the same.