The story represented by a hundred schools of thought is urgent! ! !

Confucius:

Confucius is traveling. When he passed a village, he saw an old man, a very old man. He drew water from the well to irrigate the land. This is very hard work, and the sun is so strong. Confucius thought, this person may not have heard that there is a mechanical device that can draw water now-you can draw water for others with cows or horses, which is easier-so Confucius went over and said to the old man; "Have you ever heard of the machine now? Using them to draw water from the well can be very easy. If you work 12 hours, they can be finished in half an hour. You can let Malays do it. Why do you bother? You are an old man. He must be ninety years old.

The old man said; "It's always good to work by hand, because every time you use a cunning machine, there will be a cunning mind. In fact, only a cunning mind can use a cunning machine. You didn't mean to destroy me! I am an old man, let me die as simple as when I was born. Manual labor is good. A person will remain humble. 」

Confucius went back to his disciples. Disciple asked; "What are you talking to the old man? 」

Confucius said; "He seems to be a disciple of Lao zi. He hit me hard on the head, and his argument seems to be correct. 」

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One day when Kong Qiu was six years old, he was playing a "courtesy" game with A Niu next door, which was taught to him by his mother. Kong Qiu plays the prime minister and A Niu plays the monarch. Put all kinds of pottery beans, plates and other things on the street-this is specially made by Wu Piao, the Potter of Linxiang's mother. For this reason, her mother also knitted him half a piece of cloth to express her gratitude.

The sun shone on Kong Qiu's face, chubby as an apple, but serious, and bowed solemnly to A Niu. Suddenly, A Niu jumped up from the position of the monarch, pointed to Kong Qiu's back and smiled. He was just about to speak when Kong Qiu looked up and glared at him, saying, "How can a monarch leave his seat without observing etiquette when offering sacrifices? Still laughing, what a scandal! " A Niu ignored him and said with a smile, "What a strange man." Kong Qiu was about to say something, but he felt a pair of hands on his shoulder, and he couldn't help turning around.

At the moment when he looked back, Kong Qiu saw a face that he would never forget in his life. This face is like this: locks of hair are not tied together, and the forehead is full of wrinkles, but the lower half of the face is smooth, except for a scar about 5 cm on the left cheek, no beard, long eyebrows, a big round face like a washbasin and a big mouth. This is his face, look at his body: his clothes are so tattered that his left sleeve has disappeared. With a crumpled bag on his shoulder. My head, face and clothes are covered with dirt, as if I had just turned over the mound and climbed out again. Kong Qiu's face froze, but immediately calmed down, stroking the man's head and said, "Uncle, you must have walked a long way, right? Why else is your hair so messy? You must be from a barbarian area, otherwise how can you be so poor? " The man smiled, and two front teeth were sadly exposed and said, "What's your name, little friend?" Kong Qiu didn't answer, but asked, "Uncle, you haven't answered my question yet. It is impolite. " The man was shocked at once, turned to smile and replied, "Uncle did walk a long way, but he didn't come from a barbarian area. My uncle is so poor just because he can't manage money. " Ok, uncle has answered your question, please say your name. "

Kong Qiu said, "My name is Kong Qiu. I am six years old this year. " The man turned to A Niu again and said, "What about you?" A Niu took a step back and said, "My name is A Niu." The man said, "What were you playing just now?" "Out of courtesy," Kong Qiu smiled. "My mother taught me. Quite fun. " A Niu muttered, "It's not funny. If he is taller than me and can't beat him, I won't play this game. " Might as well play hide-and-seek "The man listened and said," Well, go home. I won't play today. "A Niu let out a whoop of joy and ran away. Kong Qiu said loudly, "No, the sacrifice is not over yet. How can we leave? " But the man suddenly grabbed his shoulder and couldn't move.

When A Niu walked away, the man let go. Kong Qiu immediately broke free and said loudly, "Why don't you let me chase him? I haven't finished the sacrifice yet. " The man didn't answer him, but asked, "Kong Qiu, do you like this game? Will you tell your uncle why? Now basically no children want to play this game, you see, A Niu doesn't like it. " Kong Qiu said deadpan, "My mother taught me this. My mother said that "Li" was formulated by two great saints, King Wen and Duke Zhou, and we should study hard. She also made up a' Li Rong' game for me to play, which was obviously fun, but they just didn't like it. " Say that finish Kong Qiu pursed mouth.

Mencius:

The first person to make tomb figures ―― the creator of a bad precedent.

This idiom comes from Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shang: "Zhong Ni (Confucius) said: The initiator has no future! It is also used by its image. "

During the Warring States Period, Mencius and Liang talked about the way of governing the country. Mencius asked Liang, "Is there a difference between killing with a stick and killing with a knife?"

Liang replied, "There is no difference."

Mencius asked again, "What is the difference between killing with a knife and killing with politics?"

Liang said to him, "It's no different."

Mencius went on to say, "Now there is a lot of fat in Wang's kitchen, and there are strong horses in the stable, but the people are starving, and some people are lying in the wild." This is an organ that attracts animals to eat people! Think about it, king. Even if animals eat each other, it's disgusting. How can those in power lead wild animals to eat people be good parents of ordinary people? Confucius once said that those who first used figurines (ancient puppets or clay figurines that buried the dead) had no children and grandchildren! You see, you still can't bury it with a humanoid earth doll. How can people starve to death alive? "

According to Confucius' phrase "the initiator, there is nothing behind it", later generations call "the initiator" an idiom, meaning the first person who does bad things, or the initiator of bad atmosphere.

The pot is black, and the pot is black.

During the Warring States period, the vassal states all adopted the strategy of uniting the horizontal, making distant friends and attacking near.

This war has been going on for many years, and people all over the world have suffered greatly. Mencius saw it and decided to travel around the world to persuade the belligerent monarchs. Mencius came to Liang and met the belligerent Liang Huiwang. Liang said to Mencius: "I tried my best to govern the country and care for the people, but I didn't see the increase of the people." What is the reason? "

Mencius replied: "I will take war as an analogy!" When the armies of the two sides meet on the battlefield, it is inevitable that there will be a war. As a result of the battle, the defeated party will inevitably abandon its helmet and armor and flee for life. If a soldier runs slowly and only runs 50 steps, he will laugh at the soldier who runs 100 step because he is afraid of death. "

Mencius finished the story and asked Liang, "Is this right?" Liang immediately said, "Of course not!" Mencius said, "Although they love the people and like to use troops, the people will suffer. This is the same as fifty steps. "

Idioms refer to people who laugh at a small defeat. As a metaphor, "pot calling the kettle black" has different degrees, but the essence is the same.

One day in the sun and one day in the cold-work hard for one day and do nothing for ten days.

During the Warring States period, a hundred schools of thought contended and lobbied vigorously. The average lobbyist is not only knowledgeable, but also has profound and vivid metaphors to satirize and persuade the rulers, which is the most prominent. Mencius was also a famous debater. In the first article of Mencius, Gao Zi, there is such a record:

Mencius was dissatisfied with Qi Wang's fatuity, lack of perseverance and credulity of slanders, so he said to him rudely, "Qi Wang is so unwise. Although there is a living creature in the world, you expose it to the sun for one day and freeze it in a cold place for ten days. It's still alive there! " "My time with the king is very short. Even if the king has a little determination to do good, as soon as I leave you, those traitors will come to trick you and you will listen to them. What should I do? " Based on this, he made a vivid analogy: "Playing chess seems trivial, but if you don't concentrate, you won't win if you don't learn well. Qiu Yi is the best chess player in the country. He taught two apprentices, one devoted himself to listening to Qiu Yi's guidance everywhere; The other is always afraid of the arrival of a big swan and prepares to shoot the goose with an arrow. Both apprentices were taught by a master and studied together, but the latter's grades were far from each other. It is not that their intelligence is different, but that their concentration is different. " This is a very instructive story. If we want to learn something and do it well, we must concentrate on it and work hard. If you do something today, forget it and do it for ten days the next day, how can you do it well? Success in learning and doing things is also one of the decisive factors, so later people will say Mencius? Quot The idiom "one day's violence, ten days' cold" boils down to "one day's violence, ten days' cold", which is used to describe a saying that learning and doing things are not persistent and unpredictable. For example, a classmate is very casual about learning, so he has less time to study and more time to waste. So we say: What can he learn from this self-destructive approach?

Taoist Laozi

I'm out of customs.

Lao Tzu finally saw that the Zhou Dynasty was getting weaker and weaker and had been deformed. He decided to run away and fly away. This is going to talk about Lao Tzu going through customs.

I want to go to the state of Qin and the western regions, and I must pass through Hangu Pass. Another way of saying this is great diversion. Hangu Pass was probably originally located in today's Lingbao County, Henan Province, and later it was moved to today's Xin 'an County, Henan Province. The two mountains face each other here, with a path in the middle. Because the Tao is in the valley, it is deep and dangerous, and it seems to be in the letter, so it is named Hanguguan.

The head of the customs guard is Yin, who is called Guan Ling Yin. On this day, he stood on the gate and watched, only to see a purple gas coming from the valley in the east of Ran Ran. Xi is a man with profound cultivation and knowledge. As soon as he saw this weather, he thought, there is a saint coming! Only a saint can have such a cloud. Today, there must be saints passing by my city. I don't know who it is. Not long after, I saw a man with extraordinary personality and sage like type riding a green cow and slowly coming to the pass. It's Lao Tzu! Guan Lingyin Xi knew that he was going to fly away, so he must let this most famous thinker leave his wisdom, so he pestered him to write some works as a condition for him to go through the customs.

Of course I don't want to, but I won't let Yin pass unless I promise to. He won't give you a passport and visa! I have no choice, so I have to agree to these conditions. Besides, I promised him for another reason. According to Records of Historical Records, Guan Ling ordered Yin to be "good at learning the stars", so he could see astronomical phenomena, stars and clouds, and knew he was a saint when he saw purple gas floating. Even if we see this purple gas, we can't read it. It is said that Xi himself has a book called Guan Zi Ling. I also admire this wise man who "takes its essence and hides its benevolence" and "knows its wonders", so I have a feeling of meeting my bosom friend and let me write a book for him. What a pleasure it is to write for a bosom friend?

At that time, I meditated and wrote his wisdom word for word on bamboo slips. I wrote the first part, and then the next part, which is said to have been written for a few days. I wrote a number, * * * with 5000 words, named Tao Te Ching. The first book is called Tao Te Ching, and the second book is called Tao Te Ching, which is divided into 8 1 chapter. So an earth-shattering masterpiece "Five Thousand Words" was born! It is said that Xi was deeply intoxicated and attracted by such a wonderful book. He said to Lao Tzu, "After reading your book, I don't want to be a border officer anymore. I want to elope with you. " I smiled and agreed. It is said that Guan Ling Yin Xi really ran away with Lao Zi. Later, someone saw them together in quicksand in the western regions, and they all lived for a long time!

Laozi's going abroad has always been legendary and is interpreted with relish. Mr. Lu Xun also became interested in this, specially created a new story "Laozi Going through Customs", and also had a little pen-and-ink dispute with others. In addition, the "purple gas coming from the east" in Laozi's going abroad has also become a gene in China culture. The royal family regards "purple gas" as auspicious and auspicious things. You see, if a child is born purple, the ancients thought that this child must have great promise. People's homes also regard "purple gas" as a symbol of good luck, so words like "purple gas comes from the east" are written on the gate. Ancestors also believed that where there is treasure, there will be purple gas in the sky.

Interestingly, the "green cow" that Lao Zi rode also became a famous image in Taoist culture, and the green cow later became the mount of immortal Taoist priests. Later, "green cow" became synonymous with Laozi, and Laozi was also called "green cow teacher" and "green cow Weng". This green cow is also regarded as a god cow by people in Lao Tzu's hometown. It is said that Lao Tzu flew there by this green cow when he went through customs. There is also a wonderful legend.

Legalist Han Fei

Fei (280-233 BC) was a famous thinker and an outstanding representative of Legalism in the pre-Qin period. His thoughts provided an important ideological weapon for Qin Shihuang to unify China and establish a centralized feudal empire. ?

Han Fei is the author of Han Feizi. The book has more than 65438+100000 words, which is the representative work of pre-Qin legalists. Han Feizi is good at reasoning with fables, and he can tell the truth vividly and easily, which is very conducive to promoting the rule of law. ?

Many of his fables are deeply rooted in people's hearts and have far-reaching influence, and even idioms are published from China and India in the future. For example, Bian Que, an imperial doctor, saw the micro-knowledge and prevented the micro-duration, while Cai Huangong loved flattery and luck, and hated Bian Que, which eventually led to a serious illness. The idiom "fear of illness and fear of medical treatment" is extracted from this fable. ? Zi Han did not abandon jade, and created two images with strong ideological and personality contrast, one was a humble treasure giver, and the other was Zi Han who did not abandon jade. For thousands of years, Zi Han's honesty and spirit of not accepting other people's property have been an example for upright people. ?

Three men make a tiger tells people through vivid stories that if you tell more lies, people will believe you. ?

In addition, "Zheng people buy shoes" and "killing pigs to teach children" all tell people profound truth through vivid stories. ?

Seeing that South Korea was weak at that time, Han Fei advised the king of South Korea several times, and the king of South Korea obeyed. Han Fei hates ruling the country without the rule of law, enriching the people and not strengthening the army, but attaches great importance to people who have no practical experience and are good at expressing their opinions. So he looked at the changes of gains and losses in the past and wrote more than 100,000 words, such as Indignation, Five Mistakes, Internal and External Existence, and Talking about Forests and Difficulties, and became a master of Legalism. After the book was finished, it spread to the state of Qin. After reading it, the king of Qin said, "Hehe! I want to see this man swimming with him, and I will never hate him. Han Fei's works were praised by Qin Shihuang.

When Qin attacked Korea, Wang Han didn't need Han Fei. When the state of Qin attacked urgently, Wang Han appointed Han Fei to the state of Qin. The king of Qin was happy to see Han Fei, but he didn't trust him either. Reese thinks that Han Fei is the son of South Korea, and he will eventually become a Korean instead of A Qin. So, he suggested to the king of Qin that since Han Fei was not needed, it was better to punish him so as to avoid endless future troubles. The king of Qin thought so and ordered the mistake to be corrected. Reese secretly sent someone to send poison to Han Fei to commit suicide. Han Fei failed to meet talents and was finally killed by his classmates.

Mohist Mozi

Mozi advised his disciples to study, saying, "You should study quickly. If you reach my level, you are an official. " Disciples studied for several years, so they asked Mozi to be an official. Mozi said, "Have you heard the story of the Lu people? There are five brothers whose father died. Big brother likes drinking and doesn't want to attend the funeral. His four brothers said,' Brother, if you attend the funeral, we will buy you a drink.' After the funeral, the boss asked four younger brothers for wine. The younger brothers said,' It is only natural that our son should bury his father. Are we the only ones with fathers? We are afraid that you will be laughed at by others and cheat you with this! If you don't study, people will laugh at you. That's why I advise you. "Mozi's apprentice no longer requires an official.

Military strategist Sun Wu

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the King of Wu read Sun Wu's The Art of War and enjoyed it very much. He immediately summoned Sun Wu. The king of Wu said, "Your art of war is really exquisite. Can you show it to me in person and let me open my eyes? " Sun Wu said: "This is not difficult. You can find a few people at will, and I'll practice for you right away. " Hearing this, the prince of Wu was very curious. Why don't you find some people to practice? The king of Wu was embarrassed-he resigned from Sun Wu and said, "There are many beautiful women in my harem. Can you let them practice? " Sun Wu smiled and said, "Yes! Anyone can practice. "

So the king of Wu called all the beautiful women in the harem 180. As soon as the beautiful women arrived at the school battlefield, they saw flags flying and drums arranged, which looked beautiful. They laughed and laughed, looked around and looked casually. Sun Wuming 180 beautiful women formed two teams, and named the two Ai Ji of the King of Wu as the team leaders. Where have the two loved ones served as officers with troops? Just funny. Very not easy, just put the sparse, screaming beauty in two columns. Sun Wu patiently and meticulously explained the practice essentials to these beautiful women. After confessing, he ordered the school to place instruments of torture on the battlefield. Then he said majestically, "Training is no joke! You must obey orders, don't be so-so, laugh and play. Anyone who violates military orders will be dealt with according to military law! "

The beautiful women think that everyone is here to play games and don't want to meet such a serious person! At this time, Sun Wu ordered drums and began to fuck.

practice Sun Wu ordered: "All turn right!" None of the beautiful women moved, but they burst into laughter. Sun Wu was not angry and said, "It's my fault. The general didn't make the essentials clear!" " So he once again described the essentials of the action in detail and asked, "Do you understand?" The beautiful women said in unison: "I understand!"

When the drums sounded again, Sun Wu ordered, "Everyone turn left." The beautiful women remained unmoved and laughed even harder than last time. When the prince of Wu saw this, he was also amused, thinking that no matter how great your skill is, you can't let these beautiful women listen to you.

Sun Wu's face sank and he said, "It's the general's fault that he didn't make the essentials clear. It is the soldier's fault for disobeying orders. According to the military law, those who violate military orders will be beheaded, and the captain will be punished first if he fails to lead the team. Somebody, push the two captains out and behead them! " Hearing this, the king of Wu panicked and quickly sent someone to see Sun Wu, saying, "It's really good for a general to use troops and his military orders are strict. The king of Wu admired him very much. This time, please let go of my two loves. " Sun Wu replied, "Your orders will not be affected while I am away." Since the king of Wu wants me to practice formation, I will practice according to the military law. "So, two YiJi beheaded, scared the daylights out of all the beautiful women. Sun Wu ordered to continue practicing. He ordered the first two beauties to succeed him as captain. The audience was silent.

The drums sounded for the third time, and the beautiful women concentrated, followed the rules everywhere, and were meticulous, and successfully completed the training task.

The prince of Wu was unhappy to see Sun Wu behead his beloved Ji, but he still admired Sun Wu's ability to manage soldiers. Later, with Sun Wu as the general, Wu finally squeezed into the ranks of powerful countries.