Why did Deng's "gossip makes Shengjing" start in Dadong District?

In 2004, a city wall site appeared in the center of Shenyang. According to experts' appraisal, this wall was built in the Ming Dynasty, when it was built to guard against Jurchen. Due to the erosion of wind and rain, this section of the city wall only left more than 30 meters long mottled "fragments" of blue bricks, which became the gables of a shed in a residential area, and the rest were basically city bricks in the Ming Dynasty.

Soon, people found an old city wall site with a length of 100 meters nearby. Located diagonally opposite Baita Primary School, this old city wall is a small east-west "earth slope" with a length of 100 meters and a height of nearly 2 meters. Its north and south sides are shanty towns, less than 300 meters away from the previously discovered ancient city wall. A large number of houses made of blue bricks were found at the scene, which were similar in shape to the newly discovered city gate bricks. Experts believe that this is most likely the site of the old city wall.

.. the ancient city wall of Shenyang.

The discovery of two ancient city walls evokes people's memories of the ancient city of Shenyang. Experts hope that the relevant departments will quickly start the protection of the ancient city wall and build it into an ancient city wall park to preserve and properly protect this precious history. Because it is a precious treasure of Shenyang, an important witness of Shenyang's urban history and an important part of Shenyang's urban culture.

In fact, the ruins of the city wall remind people of the ancient city of Shenyang, which may be a common and accustomed relationship. The place names that have the same function as the city wall ruins to prove the existence of Shenyang ancient city are often ignored by people. In fact, place names can also prove the existence of the ancient city of Shenyang.

.. Fujinmen (East Gate)

As we know, cities built in ancient times have many gates with different uses. In Shenyang, there are places called "South Gate, North Gate, West Gate, East Gate and South Gate", which are the locations of the gates of the ancient city of Shenyang. At that time, the streets leading to the gates were what Shenyang now calls "Da Nan Jie, Xiao Nan Jie, Da Bei Jie, Xiao Bei Jie, Da Xi Road, Xiao Xi Road, Da Dong Road and Xiao Dong Road". For example, "Da Nan Jie" is the street where the south gate of Shenyang ancient city is located, and "Xiao Bei Jie" is the street where the small north gate of Shenyang ancient city is located. Not only that, some grass-roots administrative departments in Shenyang are also named after the location of the ancient city gate, such as "Daxi Sub-district Office, Xiaobei Sub-district Office, Xiaodong Sub-district Office" and so on, and there are countless companies, shops, schools and units with the same name.

Dadong District is one of the six urban districts in Shenyang. Located in the east of Shenyang, it borders Hunnan District in the east, south and north, Shenhe District in the west and southwest, and Yuhong District in the northwest. It is the only existing urban area in Shenyang named after the ruins of the ancient city.

Dadong District is also named after the gate of the ancient city of Shenyang. Dadong District covers the eastern and northern parts of the former ancient city of Shenyang, and Dadongmen (Fujinmen) is within its territory. To clarify the "Dadongmen", we need to start with the "eight gates and eight passes" of Shenyang Ancient City and Shengjing.

Shenyang was founded very early with a history of more than 2,300 years. At that time, the military observation post built by Qin Kaijian, the general of Yan State at the end of the Warring States Period, was the earliest Shenyang City. Since then, Shenyang has been the military center of kanto region. In the Ming Dynasty, there were four gates in Shenyang at that time, namely "East, West, North and South", and there were cross streets in the city.

Tomorrow, in the first year of Kai (six years of destiny, 162 1 year), the old man Wang Nuerhachi led an army to capture Shenyang City. In the fifth year of the Apocalypse (the last ten years of the Jin Dynasty, 1625), the capital of the latter Jin Dynasty was moved from Liaoyang to Shenyang under the order of the old Hanwang. In the seventh year of Chongzhen (the eighth year of Jin Tiancong, 1634), Huang Taiji changed Shenyang City to Shengjing City. During Shen Jia's reign, Shengjing was always the capital of the Qing Dynasty after the Qing Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing.

After Nurhachi moved to Shenyang, it took seven years to make a large-scale re-planning and reconstruction of Shenyang City. After the reconstruction, there are 332 steps around Shengjing, which is nine miles long, 302 steps more than Shenyang in the Ming Dynasty. The city wall is also ten feet high and three feet five feet high.

After the reconstruction of Shengjing, there are two gates in the east, west, north and south, and eight gates in * * *. These eight doors all have their own names:

The second gate in the south of the city is Deshengmen (South Gate) and Tianyoumen (Xiaonanmen);

The second gate in the north of the city is Fushengmen (big north gate) and Dizaimen (small north gate);

The second gate in the east of the city is Fujinmen (Dadongmen) and Neizhi Gate (Xiaodongmen);

The second gates in the west of the city are Huaiyuan Gate (the Great West Gate) and Waimangmen Gate (the Small West Gate).

On the one hand, the name of the Eight Doors in Tokyo, Liaoyang was decided by Taizu, and Huang Taiji's use of its name can show that he abides by the patriarchal clan system and respects his ancestors. On the other hand, after Huang Taiji ascended the throne, he made great efforts to govern, consolidating and developing the foundation created by his father. His national policy of ruling from the inside, prospering from the outside, being close to and loving the far has always been followed by Nurhachi and Huang Taiji, which can properly reflect his ruling philosophy. Virtue, happiness, God's blessing, and land-bearing, in turn, imply the auspicious meaning of caring for heaven and earth and the long-term stability of the country, which is more in line with the wishes of the rulers.

The eight gates of Shengjing are wonderful and unique. Deshengmen is majestic, Shenyoumen is rigorous and solemn, Fushengmen is heavily guarded, the ground connection door is exquisite and exquisite, Shuanglong caresses the forehead near the door, the inner governance door is magnificent, the Buddha's light looms inside Huaiyuan Gate, and there are many guns outside, showing exquisiteness and grandeur everywhere.

.. ancient city small north gate

Each city gate has a three-story veranda-style gatehouse. Above the threshold, books are piled up outside and filled with Chinese characters. There is an urn outside the city gate, and a wooden brake device-the entrance door is added to the urn. Above the city wall, there is a parapet, which is seven feet five inches high and has 65 1 crib. There is a turret in the southeast, southwest, northeast and northwest corners of the city wall, which not only strengthens the defensive measures, but also makes the appearance of Shenyang city wall more magnificent.

In the 19th year of Kangxi (1680), a circle of external walls, also called closed walls or side walls, was built around Shengjing. The waiguo wall is seven feet five inches high and has a circumference of thirty-two miles and forty-eight grades. Corresponding to the eight gates, there are also eight gates around Guanqiang, which are called side doors. This is South Gate, Xiaonanmen, Dadongmen, Xiaodongmen, Dabeimen, Xiaobeimen, Daximen and Xiaoximen.

The middle zone between the city wall and the closed city wall is called the Guanxiang, and there are eight passes in the Guanxiang, namely, Da Nanguan, Xiao Nanguan, Da Dongguan, Xiao Dongguan, Da Beiguan, Xiao Beiguan, Da Xiguan and Xiao Xiguan.

Shengjing Eight Gates can be called the gateway of Beijing. Its function is not only a place for officials and others to enter and leave the capital, but also an important military defense facility. There are many historical records in the Qing Dynasty, and folk tales abound. Especially in Bamen Daximen, there has been an old saying among the people. It is said that the vicinity outside the Daximen Gate used to be the giving ground for beheaded prisoners, and later it moved to the south of Daximen Road. Therefore, anyone who carries out the death penalty must leave this door, so people call the Great West Gate "the Gate of Hell". Call daxiguan "the gate of hell". At that time, the women in the village had a very cathartic remark about swearing-"Go out." Coincidentally, there are six small eyes on the gate of Daximen, which the other seven gates do not have, so there is the saying of "six-eyed ghost gate". People often say "Don't be a sly eye" when joking or talking, which means that no matter how cunning you are, you will eventually go out of this door and become a ghost. In the past, people were most afraid of going to the gate of hell. On the first and fifteenth day of the first lunar month, good men and women will burn incense and worship outside the west gate.

.. Xiao east gate

The layout of Shenyang City is very novel. The sacred well wall inside is square and the side wall outside is round. This pattern on the inside of the outer circle is exactly the "circle" in China's cosmology.

From the gate of the inner city to the side door of the foreign source, there are eight radial streets connected, and there is a pagoda temple in the east, west, north and south of Shengjing, making the plane of the whole city like a flat wheel.

Others say that Shengjing's design is based on the innate Zhouyi. The palace in the city center is used to play Tai Chi. There is a bell and drum on the second floor of Zhongjie, which is for Tai Chi students. There are four pagodas in the east, west, north and south, respectively, for two devices and four images; Eight gates are the gossip of the four elephants. Whether these statements are true or not, the listed buildings and corresponding figures are true, not bad at all.

This great reconstruction in the early years of Qing Dynasty changed the original gate of Shenyang City from one in the east, west, north and south to two in each side. In this way, the cross street, which was originally corresponding to the four gates in the city, became a zigzag street with two horizontal and two vertical lines. At the two intersections on the north side, the bell tower and the drum tower stand across the street, and at the two intersections on the south side, Donghuamen and Xihuamen are set up. Thus, the whole Shengjing city was divided into nine natural areas: the central part was occupied by Miyagi, and the other eight areas were separated by the Eight Banners.

There is an old saying in Shenyang, "Without Huang Taiji, there would be no Shenyang City". This is a bit absolute, but historical facts have proved that the prosperity of Shenyang City really started from Huang Taiji. According to folklore, in order to build a prosperous capital, Huang Taiji accidentally killed the sage Deng, who was a talented person and learned five cars.

After Nurhachi captured Shenyang, he moved the capital from Liaoyang to Shenyang, and died in the gunfire of Yuan Chonghuan before Shenyang was built. Huang taiji decided to tear down Liaoyang (the old city) and build Shenyang. After repeated screening, Huang Taiji appointed Nengchen Deng as the chief designer of the reconstruction of Shenyang City.

Adult Deng is proficient in Zhouyi and has superb civil design skills. He combined the Eight Diagrams in the Book of Changes with the Eight Banners of Manchu, and used the Taiji diagram of Yin and Yang five lines of gossip to design a blueprint with both the grand atmosphere background of the Han royal family and the bold and straightforward style of Manchu.

The whole design shows a simple philosophy. Wuji gave birth to Tai Chi, taking the middle temple as Tai Chi; Taiji gives birth to two instruments, and the second floor of the bell and drum is two instruments; Two instruments give birth to four elephants (Shenyang four towers); Four images and eight doors (eight doors). There are eight bright towers, four towers and twelve towers, representing twelve months of the year. The eight gates are all composed of the main entrance and the trinity of the left and right cities, representing the twenty-four solar terms. Cross Street in the city was changed to Amethyst Street, and a three-story building was added, with a height of 65 1 crib. The whole design is based on the Eight Diagrams in the Book of Changes, and the eight sects and eight customs have changed into eight eight eight eight sixty-four hexagrams, extending in all directions from east to west and north to south, indicating the prosperity of the Qing Dynasty.

Huang taiji was very satisfied with the design, approved the plan and rewarded Deng's adult.

.. ancient city turret

Construction of new Shenyang began. With the construction of battlements, Deng's reputation soared in the Eight Banners, attracting the attention of countless people.

The completion ceremony of Shenyang New Town begins. Just when Huang Taiji praised Deng Gongde, a group of Eight Banners ministers knelt down and told Deng's adult to build Shenyang City, but there was no water gate in the huge Shenyang City. Once it rains heavily, it will flood the city and ruin Long Mai.

As a minister of the Han Dynasty, how could Deng's adult be so involved in the Manchu of the Eight Banners? Emperor Taizong, who just ascended the throne, paid more attention to the rise and fall of Royal Long Mai. So the completion ceremony became a killing field, and Deng's adult could not avoid custom. He has been tied outside the west gate and beheaded.

It is said that when Deng's head fell to the ground, the sky thundered and the rain poured down. Deng's adult's body is straight and kneeling. ...

It rained heavily for three days and nights, and Huang Taiji was worried in hall of mental cultivation. It seems that Qing Long Mai will be destroyed. However, all the worries are unnecessary. The newly-built Shenyang City has no water. Huang taiji felt strange, so he ordered someone to call the chief engineer and asked why. The chief engineer said that when Deng was designing Shenyang City, he had already surveyed the water veins, dug 72 seepage pits, built the bottom with large prismatic stones, filled them with gravel and covered them with gold sand. There is no passage on the ground, but water can be discharged from a trap outside the city. Because leaving the open waterway can attract enemy soldiers to sneak attack, and dark evil can ensure the safety of the city.

Tangzi Temple in Shenyang, commonly known as "Deng Daren Temple"

After listening to this, Huang Taiji deeply regretted, blaming himself for listening to slanderers and killing a good minister by mistake. So Taizong personally went to Deng's house to pay homage and gave Mrs. Deng 1,200 pieces of silver to show her remorse. Mrs. Deng presented a book that Deng had already written for the emperor. Huang taiji sighed after reading it, only to see it read: "... up to the bottom, rain to the wind, earth to the sky;" South to north, west to east, the highest day to the underworld, gossip to make Shengjing, clear management (system) God bless the earth, Desheng wins the blessing, internal governance is noisy, near Huaiyuan. " Deng Gong even named eight doors. Huang taiji misses Lord Deng more and more. He ordered people to build a temple for Deng's adult in Huaiyuan Gate, and named it the Temple. He also ordered Shenyang people to come here every year on March 28 of the lunar calendar to offer wine sacrifices. Although it is a legend, it rains heavily in Shenyang, and the Hunhe River has never flooded Shenyang. This is a fact.

.. in the small west gate.

The years have changed, so have the stars. Today, except for the restored Huaiyuan Gate and Fujin Gate, most of the other gates in Shengjing are gone, leaving only the place names.

The range delineated by the north-south Shuncheng Road and the east-west Shuncheng Street is the approximate range of the old Shenyang City. These streets were built at the approximate location of the original moat. The road pattern of the old Shenyang city with two horizontal lines and two vertical lines has not been destroyed. Now Zhongjie Road, Shenyang Road, Zhengyang Street and Chaoyang Street are all widened in the original four wells that run through the urban area. At the end of the four roads are the corresponding eight gates. Due to the widening of the road, the gates in the way were removed one by one. The west end of Zhongjie Road is Xiaoximen (outer bustling gate), the east end is Xiaodongmen (Neizhimen), the west end of Shenyang Road is Daximen (Huaiyuan Gate), and the east end is Dadongmen (Fujinmen Gate). At the northern end of Zhengyang Street is the small north gate (ground-mounted gate) and at the southern end is the small south gate (God Blessed Gate). The northern end of Chaoyang Street is Dabei Gate (Fushengmen) and the southern end is South Gate (Deshengmen).

Since Dadong District is named after Shenyang City Gate, the division of Dadong District is naturally related to Shenyang City.

At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, after Shenyang Brick City was changed from four gates to eight gates, the population in the city increased year by year, and the population outside the city continued to expand. In the 19th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1680), a tucheng was built around Shenyang, with eight side doors. The passage from the brick door to the side door forms the "eight customs", and the Eight Banners Army of the Qing army is in charge of the eight doors and eight customs areas, forming the "eight boundaries". Dadong District includes four parts: Zhengbaiqi Dizai (Xiaobei) Pass, Zhenglanqi Fu Sheng (Dabei) Pass, Zhenghongqi Neizhi (Xiaodong) Pass, Hongqi Fujin (Dadong) Pass and four side doors.

The name of Dadong District first appeared in June 1 93565438+1October1.At that time, Fengtian City was divided into eleven administrative districts, including Dadong District, Shenhai District and parts of Shenyang District. Dadong District was once the birthplace of China's national industry. After nearly a hundred years of development, it has now formed a huge industrial group with automobile, aircraft engine, machinery design and manufacturing, biopharmaceuticals, instrumentation and other machinery manufacturing industries as its main industries. It is a famous aero-engine manufacturing base, numerical control machine tool production base and light automobile production base in China.

.. the west gate.