When the Soviet Union's economic strength was the strongest, what percentage of its GDP was that of the United States?

The Soviet Union and the United States are two superpowers in the 20th century, with strong comprehensive strength. Among them, America is a highly developed capitalist country. From the end of 19, the United States has been the world's largest economic power, and it has been more than one hundred years now; The Soviet Union is also an economic power, but it is far from the United States.

What was the proportion of GDP in the United States when the Soviet Union's economic strength was the strongest? First of all, it should be pointed out that during the Cold War, the Soviet Union implemented a planned economy, which was basically isolated from the world economic order dominated by the West, and GDP was a data used by the West to measure the economic aggregate. The Soviet Union did not use this set of statistical methods, but more used industrial output value to measure economic strength, so the GDP data about the Soviet Union was mainly estimated by the World Bank.

The highest GDP of the Soviet Union is at 1983. At that time, its GDP was US$ 993 billion, ranking third in the world after the United States and Japan. 1983, the GDP of the United States was as high as $3,6381billion, while the GDP of the Soviet Union was only 27.3% of that of the United States. But in the 1980s, the Soviet economy was stagnant, commodities were in short supply and the economic system was rigid. The reforms carried out after Gorbachev came to power further worsened the Soviet economy, and everyone must know the final result.

In fact, the highest proportion of Soviet GDP in the United States appeared in 1973, when the Soviet GDP was 61777.7 billion US dollars, ranking second in the world. The GDP of the United States is 1428549 billion dollars, and the GDP of the Soviet Union is equivalent to 43.25% of that of the United States.

In the early 1990s, with the drastic changes in Eastern Europe, the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the world pattern has undergone tremendous changes. The United States has become the only superpower in the world today, while Russia, the main successor of the Soviet Union, has lost its former glory.

The Soviet Union and the United States were two superpowers in the last century. Only the Soviet Union in the world is qualified to challenge the United States militarily, but the Soviet Union's economic aggregate has not been as good as that of the United States, and the system is rigid, so the arms race and the war in Afghanistan eventually consumed the Soviet Union.

So when the Soviet Union's economic strength was the strongest, what was the share of American GDP?

It should be pointed out that the Soviet Union implemented a planned economy, did not use GDP to calculate the gross national product, and did not participate in the western-led world economic order, which made it impossible to calculate the total GDP of the Soviet Union internationally.

The Soviet Union, which implemented the planned economy, mostly used the industrial output value to measure the national economic strength, so the GDP data about the Soviet Union were basically estimated by the World Bank and were not accurate.

(Soviet nuclear cruiser Peter the Great)

The competition between the Soviet Union and the United States has shifted from the economic field to the military field, and from the industrial field to the scientific research field. If we only look at the hardware such as territory and population, the Soviet Union has always had an advantage.

The territory of the Soviet Union reached 22 million square kilometers, while that of the United States was only 9.5 million square kilometers. The population of the Soviet Union is 300 million, while that of the United States is only over 200 million. In terms of resources, the Soviet Union also has advantages. The oil and mineral resources of the Soviet Union are richer than those of the United States.

According to a rough estimate by the World Bank, the highest proportion of Soviet GDP in the United States is 1973, which was the early period of Bonez Lev, the "ambitious" leader of the Soviet Union. The GDP of the Soviet Union was $665,438+$0,777.7 billion, equivalent to 43.25% of that of the United States at that time. At that time, the Soviet Union was still the second largest economic power in the world, and it was not until the 1980s that it was surpassed by Japan.

(Soviet typhoon-class nuclear submarine)

However, the peak value of Soviet GDP is 1983. This year, the industrial output value of the Soviet Union appeared blowout. After 1983, the Soviet economy never exceeded this value, and declined year by year, which is why andropov and Gorbachev carried out reforms later, but it was difficult to go back to the past, and the powerful Soviet Union was gone forever.

Closer to home, 1983, the Soviet Union's GDP was about 0.993 trillion US dollars, second only to the United States and Japan, and it was the third largest economic power in the world. In the same period, the GDP of the United States was as high as 3.638 1 trillion dollars, while the Soviet Union was equivalent to 27.3% of the United States. It can be seen that the economies of the United States and the Soviet Union have been completely opened up at 1983.

(Soviet Su -27 heavy air defense fighter)

Generally speaking, the peak state of the Soviet Union should be from the late 1970s to the early 1980s. At this time, the Soviet Union had the smallest gap with the United States in economic, military, aerospace, scientific research and other fields, and still had advantages in some fields. However, the Soviet government failed to grasp the opportunity and went further and further on the road of arms race, ignoring many problems such as weak light industry, economic malformation, national corruption, personal dictatorship and so on.

(Sutu 160 strategic bomber)

The military competition between the Soviet Union and the United States has never stopped, which is an important reason for dragging down the Soviet economy. The United States has three musketeers of B52, B2, B 1B bombers, while the Soviet Union has three musketeers of Tu 160, Figure 95 and Figure 22 bombers.

The US Air Force has fighter planes F 15 and F 16, and the Soviet Union has fighter planes Su -27 and MiG -29.

American aircraft carriers have F 18 and F 14 as carrier aircraft, while Soviet Union has Su 33 and Jacques 14 1 as carrier aircraft.

The United States has Ticonderoga class cruisers, and the Soviet Union has Glory class cruisers and Kirov class cruisers.

During the Soviet period, nine aircraft carriers (heavy carrier cruisers) of three levels were built, namely the famous Moscow class, Kiev class and Kuznetsov class. The Liaoning ship in service in China is the No.2 Varyag of Kuznetsov-class aircraft carrier of the Soviet Union, and the ins vikramaditya aircraft carrier in service in India is the No.4 Baku of Kiev-class aircraft carrier of the Soviet era.

The Soviet Union has not given up its military expansion at a time when the economy has been in full recession. The most powerful period of Soviet military power was in the late 1980s, that is, a few years before the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The total number of Soviet troops reached an astonishing 5 million, including 60,000 tanks of various types, 20,000 aircraft of various types, and more than 0/000 ships of various types, and this is not to mention the nuclear power of the Soviet Union.

The Soviet Union once boasted that if it fought a conventional war, it would only take a week for the Soviet Union to reach Spain, which was a "torrent of steel" that frightened Europe.

However, due to the crazy expansion of Soviet leader Brezhnev, coupled with the rigid Soviet system and serious corruption, the Soviet economy fell into crisis in the early 1980 s, and there was even a shortage of materials and food in China.

In order to deceive western countries, the Soviet Union deliberately concentrated food and commodities in Moscow for exhibition, creating an illusion and showing the world the prosperity of the Soviet Union. But in fact, the Soviet Union has begun to disintegrate.

(Soviet Kiev-class aircraft carrier/heavy carrier cruiser)

It should be noted that the national economic accounting of the Soviet Union has never adopted the SAN system, but has always adopted the material balance table system (MPS). In this system, it is considered that only the industrial and agricultural output value can be regarded as social wealth, and the service industry is not counted at all. Therefore, the Soviet Union has never counted GDP in its life, only the total industrial and agricultural output value. The GDP data of the former Soviet Union that we see today are all derived by later scholars.

The best time for economic development in 2008 should be the 1970s. It is precisely because in this era, the economic strength of the Soviet Union has reached a very high level, so in the US-Soviet hegemony, the Soviet Union is on the offensive and the United States is on the defensive. The following table is the GDP data of several major countries in the world from 65438 to 0975.

The total GDP of the United States is close to $65,438 +0.7 trillion, ranking first in the world. The second place is that the Soviet Union is close to 700 billion US dollars. However, the GDP is only 40% of that of the United States, which ranks first in the United States 1 trillion yuan. However, the GDP of the Soviet Union is 37.2% higher than that of Japan, the third place, and nearly three times that of Britain. It is also very powerful!

So 1975 is considered to be the year when the Soviet Union's economic strength is closest to that of the United States, but to be honest, the economic strength is still very different. The gap between residents' living standards is even greater. Every household has a car, but the number of families with teachers in the Soviet Union is probably less than110.

However, from the end of 1970s, the Soviet economy began to decline, and the economic growth rate declined year after year. By the early 1980s, the economic growth rate of the Soviet Union was below 3%. While the economic situation is deteriorating, the military competition between the Soviet Union and the United States is also constantly strengthening. In order to maintain its military superiority, the Soviet Union invested a lot of money in military industry. Therefore, the national economy of the Soviet Union is extremely unbalanced, with developed heavy industry and backward light industry. While Soviet tanks, planes and warships are constantly emerging, the shelves of shops are not satisfied with commodities, and ordinary people also need to queue up to buy daily necessities.

It has been nearly 30 years since the disintegration of the former Soviet Union. As its biggest successor, Russia's GDP is only about $65,438 +0.4 trillion. Plus other 14 countries that the United States has joined, it is only over $2 trillion, which seems to be only110 in the United States. From this perspective, the disintegration of the former Soviet Union was not only a political disaster, but also an economic disaster.

The problem is that modern society takes the concept of GDP too seriously.

When the United States and the Soviet Union competed for hegemony, the social composition of the United States was largely the most advanced in the world at that time. The whole society is in a state of vigorous development, and the economic environment and order are in a reasonable state. Its outstanding phenomenon is that the real economy is highly consistent with the national political environment, but the current situation is not that period. Capitalist economics has led the American economy to a point of no return. After all, the real economy is the foundation of society, and it is unrealistic to control the real economy by financial technology. When its own economy has only capital left, it becomes dependent on the real economy. When a country's dependence on the economy becomes unconditional dependence outside its own country, it loses its fundamental development.

At that time, the Soviet Union was a state-planned economy, and everything met its own needs. In this way of thinking, the real economy of the Soviet Union has always been self-centered, regardless of foreign economies. Even if there is a foreign economy, it is not from the standpoint of capital expansion, but on the principle of meeting the needs of its own international relations. It seems to be no different from the ethnic policy of Shu in the Three Kingdoms period. This economic model is closer to consumption and production according to actual needs, and it is highly planned.

The two economic models are not easy to compare. Even if the comparison is forced, it is difficult to take political factors into account, and a relative quantitative analysis can only be made according to the actual consumption of the people. As for the unplanned development of luxury goods or civilian technology, it is probably difficult for the Soviet Union to appear, but it is inevitable for the United States to achieve leap-forward development. This is also the reason why the Soviet economy was gradually eliminated by the world.

As for the economic ratio, I personally think it is not easy to compare.

As the main participating country in World War II, the Soviet Union completely defeated the vicious Nazi Germany, while the United States made Japan, which made the whole Southeast Asia restless, surrender unconditionally. Therefore, these two countries became the only two superpowers in the world after the war. With the disintegration of the colonial system, these old colonial empires, Britain and France, had to accept the reality and hand over the right to speak in the world.

Due to the ideological differences between the Soviet Union and the United States, which represent the emerging red regime countries, the two former allies turned against each other as soon as the war ended. There is not only an arms race in military power but also a cold war in politics. Even economically, catching up with each other and catching up with each other are the main goals of development.

In fact, from the end of World War II to its disintegration, the overall comprehensive strength of the Soviet Union has always lagged behind that of the United States. So, how far is the Soviet Union at its peak compared with the United States?

(Soviet-American hegemony)

I. Territorial and demographic aspects. If we only compare the size of territory and population, the more aggressive Russians will undoubtedly gain the upper hand. At the peak of the Soviet Union, the territory reached 2,200 square kilometers, while in the same period, the United States only had 9.5 million square kilometers, less than half of the Soviet Union.

Although there were many casualties in World War II, the post-war population of the Soviet Union recovered quite quickly, reaching about 300 million at most, while the population of the United States, which was not devastated by artillery fire, was only about 200 million.

Moreover, in the vast territory of the Soviet Union, resources are also very rich, and oil and mineral resources are inexhaustible. However, the climate in most parts of the Soviet Union is harsh, the mining cost is extremely high, and agricultural production is also subject to the climate. Therefore, the utilization rate of land and resources in the Soviet Union is much lower than that in the United States. After all, most of the land in the United States is in temperate zone, which is more conducive to industrial and agricultural production.

(American industry after World War II)

Second, the economic gap is not small. The peak of the Soviet Union's economic development was in the early 1980s, when the Soviet Union's gross national product exceeded $700 billion and its per capita GDP reached $2,600, which was not far from that of the United States.

Because the United States entered the industrial revolution earlier, before the outbreak of World War II, it had been pursuing isolationism and burying its head in industry. While Russia is busy fighting and expanding everywhere, the United States, which is far away from North America, not only has no influence on its production, but also dumps weapons to the participating countries and makes a lot of war money, laying a solid foundation for post-war development.

In the early 1980s, the total output value of the United States exceeded 1 trillion dollars, and the per capita GNP was 4,700 dollars, equivalent to 1.3 times that of the Soviet Union. However, due to the baptism of the Soviet-German war, a large number of military factories and industrial centers were destroyed, and it took a long time to rebuild and resume production after the war. Therefore, even if it cannot be compared with the United States, which has been developing at a high speed, its achievements will undoubtedly be greater.

In other respects, at the peak, the power generation of the Soviet Union was 65.438+0.3 billion kWh, and that of the United States was 250 million kWh, nearly twice that of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union produced 6.5438+0.33 million cars, and the United States produced 6.58 million cars, five times that of the Soviet Union. The grain output of agricultural production in the Soviet Union was 65.438+0.9 billion tons, while that in the United States was 260 million tons, still 654.38+0.3 times that of the Soviet Union. There is also a big gap in foreign trade. The Soviet Union is $654.38+02 billion, and the United States is $390 billion, more than three times that of the Soviet Union. In this way, the economic level of the Soviet Union at its peak can only account for about 50% of that of the United States.

(Soviet Union with heavy industry)

Third, it is difficult to distinguish militarily. After the beginning of the Cold War, the Soviet Union, which is dominated by the state-owned economy, is more likely to mobilize national resources against the US arms race. Therefore, almost all heavy industries in the Soviet Union are carried out around the army, which is also the fundamental reason why the Soviet economy and people's livelihood have been dragged down.

At the end of 1980s, when the military was the most powerful, the Soviet Union had 5 million troops, 60,000 main battle tanks, more than 20,000 various combat aircraft and 1000 warships, including the world's largest nuclear-powered typhoon-class submarine. At the same time, the Soviet Union has more than 30,000 nuclear warheads, far exceeding the United States, and there are countless types of ballistic missiles.

It can be said that the military strength of the Soviet Union at that time was by no means weaker than that of the United States, and even surpassed that of the United States. Some experts have said that if war breaks out again, the Soviet Union, armed to the teeth, can easily occupy the whole of Europe in just one week.

Thanks to the military strength, the aviation manufacturing industry in the Soviet Union was once brilliant, but it was eventually surpassed by the United States for economic reasons.

Generally speaking, the heyday of the Soviet Union was in the 1980s. At that time, there was not much difference between the Soviet Union and the United States in the fields of economy, military, aerospace and scientific research. However, the Soviet Union did not seize the opportunity to adjust its economic development ideas in time. Instead, it insisted on the road of attaching importance to military industry and neglecting people's livelihood, and was deeply involved in the war in Afghanistan, which fermented many hidden crises and eventually broke out in the late 1980 s, leading to the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the former Eastern European powers.

(Reference:

Comparison of economic strength between the United States and the Soviet Union. )

Because the Soviet Union refused to adopt sna and adopted mps, there is no official data on the GDP of the Soviet Union. Only through estimation, a reasonable personal opinion is that 1975 is the year with the smallest gap between the Soviet Union and the United States. At that time, the Soviet Union's economy reached a little more than half that of the United States. If we consider the Soviet Union, then West Germany has never been the second largest economy in the world, and Japan will not be considered as the second largest economy until the late 1980s. Of course, there is great controversy about the economic scale of the Soviet Union. Some people think that the Soviet Union reached two-thirds of the United States in its heyday, but detractors believe that the Soviet Union's economy was only one-sixth of that of the United States in its heyday and never surpassed that of West Germany. However, all parties agree that the peak of the Soviet economy and the year with the smallest gap with the United States should be 1975.

According to the public data of 1975, the total GDP of the Soviet Union in that year reached 685.9 billion US dollars, ranking second in the world. But compared with the United States, the gap is still obvious.

1975 The total GDP of the United States reached1688.9 billion US dollars, about 60% more than that of the Soviet Union. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Soviet Union was extremely dominant in economic projects in the war of hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union in the middle and late 20th century.

We can understand why the Soviet economy grew rapidly at first, and then dropped significantly. At first, capital is scarce: not all workers can be equipped with machines. Providing machines to workers who didn't have machines before will produce high benefits; As long as workers are not equipped with machines, this kind of welfare will remain high. However, when all workers will be equipped with machines, the output of new machines will eventually drop to almost zero. What we have seen in the Soviet industrial sector is such a model. We estimate the return on capital of this sector from 1950. During the period of rapid economic growth in the 1950s, the rate of return on capital was very high and lasted for some time. However, with the saturation of capital and labor supply, the rate of return on capital dropped sharply after 1960; By the mid-1970s, the rate of return on new investment in the Soviet industrial sector was almost zero. The same is true of other economic sectors in the Soviet Union.

This is a profound lesson and a wake-up call. At the peak of the Soviet economy, it was only 50% of that of the United States. However, the Soviet Union mistakenly adopted the national policy of competing with the United States in science and technology and military strength. Finally, the Soviet Union was forced to disintegrate. Among them, the US-Soviet arms race is the straw to crush the Soviet Union. Without strong economic support, people's living standards are not high, and other fields are difficult to develop. It is not impossible to develop the army, but to develop in a balanced way.

It is a joke to evaluate the comprehensive national strength of the Soviet Union according to the gross national product of western statistical concepts, because the Soviet Union was not a system with the western market economy at that time. The economic activities of the Soviet Union have their own system, which is a highly developed planned economy and collective economy. It is not an exaggeration to say that the Soviet Union is highly developed here, but it is really strong, because after the baptism of wartime economy, the economic structure of the Soviet Union has been very adapted to the planned economy and the collective economy.

In fact, according to Stalin's continued development, the Soviet Union is likely to embark on a completely different path. Unfortunately, the later leaders actually let go of the western world to compete, which in turn offended many allies in the Soviet system. This is actually the reason why the Soviet Union got into trouble later. There is nothing wrong with the planned economy itself, especially after the Soviet Union experienced industrialization. Therefore, at that time, it was entirely possible to improve the country and improve people's living standards. We can continue to make five-year plans and use our national strength where it is most needed. The national strength of the Soviet Union is not only reflected by GDP.

We must know that during Stalin's period, agricultural mechanization was basically completed, industrialization reached the world level, and scientific research accumulation was also very rich. It was an era of talented people. Because of the yearning for Lenin and socialism, the Soviet Union at that time was a symbol of revolution. After all, the amazing fighting capacity of the Soviet Union in World War II made people of insight in the West understand that industrialization is not just capitalism and market economy. Facts have proved that the road described by Marx is indeed feasible, so in the fifties and sixties, the Red Movement started in the western world. Interested people can go and see how Chinese people hold high the red flag to publicize the revolution.

The Red Movement in the western world forced capitalists to give workers higher treatment and welfare, and since then, trade unions have finally become the existence of rights. When the capitalists saw the workers get up, they knew that if they continued to be greedy, they were doomed to be unworkable. Therefore, only part of the welfare can be given up, so that workers can calm down their anger and calm down. Subsequently, the western world began a public opinion war against the Soviet Union, deliberately creating ideological confrontation, which made the climax of the Red Movement of that year subsided. Therefore, the most terrible and powerful place in the Soviet Union is not GDP, but that the Soviet Union can become so powerful through non-capitalist means. This is the most worrying thing.

And if it is not the mediocrity of the latecomers, the Soviet Union should be able to play the role of a lighthouse. In short, as long as the Soviet Union develops well and tries to solve the problems of the domestic people, once it reaches a higher social level, capitalism will be eclipsed. It can even be said that as long as the Soviet Union is getting better and better, capitalism will inevitably shake. It happened that the Soviet Union wanted hegemony, threatened other countries and interfered in other countries' internal affairs. Let the people of the world resent this great country.

Therefore, the disintegration of the Soviet Union did not really blame Marxism-Leninism. It's the Soviet Union's own fault. Since Stalin's death, there has been no real strategist in the Soviet Union. Otherwise, relying on Stalin's family wealth and international environment, the Soviet Union can form its own school and lead a system by itself. Then sit on the Diaoyutai and watch the cyclical economic depression in the capitalist world. If there was a lighthouse at that time, wouldn't people of insight choose it?

After the end of World War II, the world economy experienced the US-Soviet confrontation, Japan-US confrontation and China-Japan confrontation. The disintegration of the Soviet Union has become history. Japan has experienced the lost 20 years caused by the bursting of the real estate bubble, and has not yet caught up with the peak, let alone surpassed the United States. China's GDP is now 7 1% of that of the United States, and its economic growth rate far exceeds that of the United States. In a few years, China's GDP will definitely surpass that of the United States and become the first.

The strongest GDP of the Soviet Union was 40.60% of that of the United States. Since 1894 reached the top of the world's largest economy, the United States has been occupying the world's largest throne. After World War II, the Soviet Union and the United States became the only two superpowers in the world, but the GDP of the Soviet Union did not catch up with the peak level of the United States. The GDP of the Soviet Union is closest to that of the United States 1975. But it is only 40.6% of the GDP of the United States, 1975. The GDP of the United States is1688.9 billion dollars, and the GDP of the Soviet Union is 685.9 billion dollars. The gap between Soviet GDP and the United States is too big. Why can the Soviet Union be called a superpower with the United States? Because the Soviet Union's heavy industry and military industry are equal to or even stronger than the United States. During the cold war, military industry and heavy industry were the most important.

In the year when Japan's GDP reached its peak, it was 7 1.33% in the United States and 1995 in the United States. Since then, Japan's GDP has lost 20 years. In 2065,438+08, Japan's GDP was US$ 4.97 trillion, not as high as US$ 5.45 trillion in 65,438+0995, and US GDP was US$ 7.5 billion in 65,438+0995. 1995 Japan's GDP was 7 1.3% of that of the United States, and in 20 18 Japan's GDP was only 24.2% of that of the United States.

China's strongest GDP is 765,438+0.30% of US GDP. The year with the strongest GDP in China is 20 18, because China's GDP is increasing every year. 2065,438+03.665,438+0 trillion US dollars, Hong Kong's GDP is 362.993 billion US dollars, and Macao's GDP is 545.45. The GDP of Taiwan Province Province is 584.600 billion US dollars. 20 14.6 1 trillion dollars, and the GDP of the United States in 20 18 was 20.49 trillion dollars. China's GDP accounts for 7 1.30% of American GDP, and China will become 10 next year.

The United States became the world's largest economy on 1894, and has maintained this position since 126, which was challenged by the Soviet Union and Japan.

1970- 1980 is the peak of the Soviet Union. 1975, the GDP of the United States was1688.9 billion dollars, and that of the Soviet Union was $68 19 billion dollars, which was 40% of that of the United States. The Soviet Union was not inferior to the United States in heavy industry and military industry, but the light industry service industry was too poor, the economy developed abnormally, and finally declined. Japan's economy had a very rapid development period. In the 1980 s, the United States used its hegemonic position to say that Japan manipulated the exchange rate and the yen was seriously undervalued, forcing Japan to sign the Plaza Agreement and forcing the yen to appreciate immediately. In the following years, the yen appreciated and GDP rose rapidly, reaching 65,438+0,995. The GDP of the United States is 7664 billion US dollars, and that of Japan is 5334 billion US dollars, reaching 69.6% of that of the United States. However, this is due to the appreciation of the yen.

At the beginning of China's reform and opening up, GDP was far from that of the United States, only about 7-8% of that of the United States. After 40 years of development, the GDP of the United States last year was 2 1.43 trillion US dollars, and that of China was 14.36 trillion US dollars, equivalent to 67% of that of the United States, with a complete range of industries, and the primary and secondary industries far surpassed the United States. Historically, Germany, the Soviet Union and Japan have not reached 70% of the United States, and China's GDP will reach 70%. Although it will take some time for GDP to surpass that of the United States, it should not be too far away.