How to grow bayberry?

Myrica rubra is a subtropical fruit tree variety of Myrica in Myrica family, which likes humidity, shade and cold tolerance. But how to grow bayberry? Here's what I did for you. I hope it works for you.

Function of Myrica rubra

Myrica rubra has the effects of promoting fluid production to quench thirst, invigorating spleen and appetizing. Eating more does not hurt the spleen and stomach, but also has the effect of detoxifying and dispelling cold. According to Compendium of Materia Medica, Myrica rubra can quench thirst, harmonize the five internal organs, purify the stomach and intestines, and eliminate annoyance and evil spirits. ? The fruit, core, root and skin of Myrica rubra can be used as medicine, which is flat and non-toxic. Stones can cure beriberi, and roots can stop bleeding and regulate qi; Bark soaked in wine can cure traumatic injury, redness and pain. Myrica rubra soaked in white wine, in midsummer, will feel refreshed and relieve summer heat and boredom. When diarrhea occurs, take Yangmei decoction and drink it to stop diarrhea, which has astringent effect. Myrica rubra has many medical functions, such as promoting digestion, removing dampness, relieving summer heat, promoting fluid production, relieving cough, helping digestion, keeping out cold, stopping diarrhea, inducing diuresis and preventing cholera. Agate in fruit? Fame.

Myrica rubra is rich in vitamin C, glucose, fructose, citric acid and so on. Sweet and sour. In addition, Myrica rubra is rich in potassium, which can supplement potassium for people who sweat a lot in summer. In terms of food taste, Myrica rubra is warm, sweet and sour, enters the lung and stomach meridians, and has the effects of promoting fluid production to quench thirst, harmonizing stomach and digestion, and stopping vomiting and dysentery.

Planting techniques of Myrica rubra

1 forest land selection and land preparation. Myrica rubra is wet and shade-tolerant, with large crown and widely distributed roots. Yangmeiyuan is required to be built in mountainous areas, hills, low light, deep soil layer, cool ventilation, convenient intensive management and transportation with an altitude of less than 800 meters, a slope of less than 45 degrees, a thick humus layer and a pH value of 4.5-5.5. The climatic conditions are subtropical humid monsoon climate. Under the microclimate conditions of large sunlight, sufficient heat, high accumulated temperature in winter and spring and moderate precipitation distribution in summer and autumn, high quality and high yield are more obvious. From June 165438+ 10 to March of the following year, soil preparation should be done according to local conditions. For woodland with small slope and gentle slope, set terrace soil around the mountain or dig holes on the terrace; Fish scale pits or triangular pits with a square of 1 m are also dug in woodlands with steep slopes and complex terrain, which will be gradually changed into narrow-band stepped soil in future tending.

2. Planting. The planting time of Myrica rubra is generally from late February to mid-March, when the temperature has started to warm up. It is best to choose cloudy or rainy days, when the survival rate of a single plant is high. Variety selection should be based on different regions, and the early, middle and late maturing varieties should be reasonably matched. Water chestnut and Dongkui Myrica rubra are suitable for planting in our province. Select high-quality grafted Myrica rubra seedlings with strong roots and no diseases and insect pests, fill the dug pit with decomposed manure 10- 15 kg and burnt mud ash 5- 10 kg, plant lightly, and then cultivate small soil beds around the plants, and cover them in time to avoid root exposure. Myrica rubra is dioecious and needs to be pollinated by 1-2% male plants.

3. Fertilizer and water management. In order to improve soil fertility, lettuce, medicine or green manure can be planted in woodland for one year. Young trees are mainly quick-acting fertilizers, combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and are fertilized 2-3 times a year. Adult trees are topdressed twice a year. For the first time, before germination in late winter and early spring, farm manure or calcium superphosphate 1-2 kg was applied to the roots one by one. Or potassium sulfate 1 kg with 0.2 kg urea per plant, or 0.25 kg urea with burnt putty 15-20 kg. Cover the soil after application. The second time is after fruit picking, accounting for 50-55% of the annual fertilization. According to the principle of multi-bearing and multi-fertilization, ditches of 10-20cm were dug one by one under the crown drip line, and 0.5- 1kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.3-0.5kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 30-50kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer were applied to cover the soil. The fleshy roots of Myrica rubra are easy to be damaged, so it is necessary to avoid damaging the roots when digging holes. You can also apply foliar fertilizer at the fruit development stage and spray 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.3% potassium sulfate 1-2 times. In addition, soil improvement and waterlogging control should be done well to ensure high quality and high yield of Myrica rubra.

4, plastic trimming. Yangmei has a natural round head shape. The pruning of young trees is mainly to fix the trunk shape and cultivate early-bearing and high-yield trees. Generally adopted? A bunch of natural happy crowns with three main branches. That is to say, for the new shoots that germinate after the stem is formed, 3-4 branches with vigorous growth, uniform azimuth distribution and a certain distance (about 20-30cm) are selected as main branches, and 2-3 auxiliary main branches or lateral branches are selected on each main branch, so that the distribution is reasonable and hierarchical, and the crown skeleton is basically formed within 3-5 years. Pruning of adult trees is mainly to cultivate high-yield population structure, adjust the relationship between growth and fruit, and promote sustained, high-quality and high-yield growth. Plastic pruning is divided into summer pruning (corner opening, coring, twisting, bud wiping, branch pulling, branch taking, carving, peeling, etc.). ) and winter pruning (drying, shrinking and pruning).

5. Artificial control of growth and fruiting (1), bud suppression, flower promotion and fruit preservation. For unfruitful trees, young trees over five years old that grow vigorously, and adult trees that grow vigorously but bear few fruits, paclobutrazol soil should be applied from June 10 to March of the following year (June 1 10 is the best period) while strengthening cultivation management. The method is as follows: scrape the soil in the crown projection area, quantitatively mix paclobutrazol with fine soil about 30 times of fine roots, then spread it evenly under the crown, and then cover it with soil; Or spraying 800pp paclobutrazol before flowering to inhibit the spring shoots from keeping flowers and fruits, spraying 20-30ppm gibberellin at the end of flowering to keep fruits, spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in early March, spraying once every 10 day and spraying twice continuously to improve the fruit setting rate. Young trees under 5 years old are not suitable for application. Only soil can be applied 1 time every 4-5 years, and leaves should be applied 1 time every 1-2 years. (2) thinning flowers and fruits. Generally, from February to mid-March, 1/5-2/5 is used to mow the whole new spring tree with excessive flower bud differentiation, and at the same time, 0.5- 1 kg of available nitrogen such as urea is applied to each tree to promote the growth of vegetative branches; Still in full bloom? Sparse 5? 200 times liquid or something? Thin 6? 100 mg/kg chemical dilution solution. Flower thinning is generally carried out 20 days after flowering, depending on the number of fruits hanging on the tree. Generally, the upper part of the crown is sparse and less left, and the lower part is sparse and more left, generally 2-3 times; You can also do it flexibly according to the tree potential.

6. Harvesting Myrica rubra in batches at the right time. The maturity is different, and it needs to be harvested in batches. 20% fruits of the whole tree can be picked when they are ripe, usually every day or every other day 1 time. Harvesting should be done in the morning or evening, avoiding harvesting in rainy days or after rain in Chu Qing. Myrica rubra fruit is easy to be scratched without peel protection, so it should be picked lightly and transported lightly. The picked fruits are placed in small bamboo baskets or baskets lined with fresh ferns or firewood at the bottom and around, and packed when picking to reduce extrusion. Each basket (radish) should not exceed 5 kg, which is beneficial to the integrity, freshness and marketability of the fruit.

7, pest control. Myrica rubra has strong resistance to stress, and pests and diseases rarely occur. However, due to the large-scale seedling replacement caused by the change of ecological environment, it is also necessary to observe and comprehensively control pests and diseases according to local conditions. The main pests are white moth, leaf roller moth and bag moth. The main diseases are brown spot and cancer. Prevention and control methods. Strengthen cultivation management and strengthen tree potential; Cut off diseased branches and dead branches in time; Do a good job in clearing the garden in winter, remove deciduous weeds and focus on burning. Drug control: cancer can be removed with a sharp knife after the spring and autumn rain and then applied to the wound? 402 antibacterial agent? 50- 10 times solution, or agricultural streptomycin 200ppm for disinfection protection, 15 days later, apply it again. In the early stage of brown spot disease, spray 50% carbendazim 500-600 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 times or 65% zineb 600 times on the crown, spray again at 7- 10, and spray for 2-3 times.

Market Development Prospect of Myrica rubra

Myrica rubra is a kind of natural green health food with high nutritional value. Myrica rubra grows in mountainous areas far away from big cities, with little or no air pollution, extensive cultivation and management, and few pests and diseases. Green pollution-free fruit? Fame.

Myrica rubra has a wide range of uses and huge market potential. Myrica rubra has beautiful posture and dark green leaves. Myrica rubra has a thick crown and is about 65438 05 years old. It is used as ornamental and greening seedlings in landscape engineering. The branches and leaves of Myrica rubra are green in winter and do not shed leaves. They are used as leaf matching (leaf cutting) by fresh cut flower shops in winter and exported to Japan. The fresh branches and leaves of Myrica rubra are not easy to burn, so it can be planted as a forest fire belt to prevent forest fires. The epidermis of leaves, roots and branches of Myrica rubra is rich in tannin (the content is as high as 10% ~ 19%). Flavonoids and essential oils can be extracted and used as auburn and medical astringents. The kernel of Myrica rubra contains vitamin B 17, which is an anticancer substance. It also contains 32% crude protein and 2 1% crude fat. Known as a food with high protein and high vegetable fat, it can be used for frying or pressing oil. In addition, Myrica rubra has many medicinal values, such as promoting digestion, keeping out cold, relieving summer-heat, stopping diarrhea, diuresis, treating dysentery, promoting fluid production to quench thirst, clearing stomach and intestines, removing annoyance, removing anger, removing evil spirits and so on. , highly praised by the medical community in China.

In the western region of China, Myrica rubra has broad prospects for production. Myrica rubra was successfully introduced from Zhejiang in the western mountainous areas of Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi and Hunan in the 1980s. Especially in Yunnan and Guizhou, due to the natural conditions of less rainfall in spring and more rainfall in summer, it is more suitable for the growth and fruiting of Myrica rubra, which is characterized by early maturity and good quality. For example, Myrica rubra is distributed below 3000 meters above sea level in Guiyang, Guizhou, with the longest tree age of more than 600 years and the highest plant yield of about 2000 kilograms. Fumin County and Shiping County in Yunnan introduced 65,438+10,000 mu of Myrica rubra, which became a new local economic growth point. Because of the early fruiting period, better quality, longer storage period, lower production cost and higher economic benefits of Myrica rubra in this area. Of the 3.2 million mu of Myrica rubra in China, 90% are in coastal provinces, and less than 10% are in the central and western regions. Therefore, the development of Myrica rubra production in the western region has a very broad prospect.

Myrica rubra can also promote the healthy development of leading industries such as tourism, open up Myrica rubra tourist area and collect Myrica rubra in the park. Activities to attract guests.

Myrica rubra is a highly competitive fruit in the international market in China, whether it is fresh fruit or processed product. Most of the high-quality bayberry fruits are still fresh for sale. Through the preservation technology of Myrica rubra, it not only extended the local sales period, but also exported to northern China and abroad. Bayberry can also be processed into dried bayberry, bayberry juice, preserved bayberry and bayberry wine, which is very popular in the international market. Like Xiangshan, Ningbo? Yong Cheng? Yangmei dry red wine was favored by foreign businessmen such as Malaysia and Singapore at the 90th Canton Fair, and signed a sales order of 6,543,800 yuan.

With the continuous development of science and technology, variety selection, quality improvement, maturity extension and the rise of packaging, preservation and processing industry, Myrica rubra has a very broad market prospect at home and abroad.

There is also a sad legend about Yangmei in Chaoshan. It is said that in ancient times, there were two sisters-in-law, who were ingenious and good at embroidery, but because the flowering period of Myrica rubra was short, they didn't learn it. One year, my sister-in-law insisted on going up the mountain to observe the shape of Yangmeihua on New Year's Eve, but unfortunately she was hurt by a tiger. The next day, her sister-in-law went up the mountain to find her, and the mountain called her aunt. Seeing the blood, she knew that her aunt had been killed by a tiger, and she cried intermittently and painfully? Gu? Tiger and aunt? Tiger? And eventually became a bluebird. The Chaoshan folk story "Sister-in-law Bird" came into being. So far, when bayberry is produced, there must be? Aunt bird? Fly to Yangmeishan to complain? Gu Hu, Gu Hu, makes people sad.

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