On Zhuangzi's short stories in classical Chinese.

1. "Looking at the sky from the well" in China's classic story Zhuangzi describes a narrow and limited vision.

The metaphor of "learning to walk in Handan" in Zhuangzi Qiushui is to imitate others mechanically, not only failing to learn others' strengths, but also losing their own strengths and skills. "Zhuangzi Autumn Water" means that writing an article can stick to the theme and grasp the main points.

"Zhuangzi Lieyukou" makes people laugh, which means passive. Zhuangzi Qiushui's "generous home" originally refers to people who know the truth.

Later, it generally refers to people who are knowledgeable or have expertise in learning. The source "Zhuangzi Qiushui" explains the metaphor of pursuing fame and profit.

"Autumn Water in Zhuangzi" is a metaphor for "a lonely young rotten mouse". The metaphor of "Taicang glutinous rice" in Zhuangzi Qiushui is very small.

"A drop in Taicang" in "Zhuangzi Qiushui" is a metaphor for the smallest of the largest numbers. "Zhuangzi Autumn Water" and "Summer Insects Talk about Ice" both say that people are limited by what they see and hear, and they are short-sighted.

"Zhuangzi Qiushui" is not divided into the domain of eating and pecking, and it corrupts the thick family. The lonely young rotting mouse looked around in a colorful tube. Looking up to the sky, Handan crawled. On the beam, it coughs and spits, and the rainbow sells raindrops. A frog in the well laughs. Generous autumn waters are not in harmony with the mausoleum, and if you die, you will gouge out your eyes. The sky is the color of Taicang. A millet in Taicang looks through a colchicine. Sigh at the sea. If you are not stupid, you can't learn to walk. Handan summer insects can talk, ice summer insects sigh, peep at the sky and the ground, peep at the sky and the ground, trailing thousands of miles a day, making people laugh, but laughing generously, fish swimming in the city, Ying Ying autumn water stabbing the cone.

2. Zhuangzi's short stories in classical Chinese.

When Zhuangzi's wife died, Keiko hung up, and Zhuangzi sat in the drum basin singing (1). Keiko said, "Live in harmony (2), the eldest son is old (3), it's enough not to cry, and it's good to play drums and sing!"

Zhuangzi said, "Otherwise. Is the beginning and end of it, I can't be alone (4)! There is no life at the beginning of the trial, no life and invisibility for non-disciples, and intangible and lifeless for non-disciples (5). Miscellaneous between awn and fluorene, it turns into gas, gasifies into shape, it turns into life, and now it turns into death, just like spring, summer, autumn and winter. People were sleeping in the giant room (6), and I cried with them (7), thinking that I couldn't live (8), so I stopped. "

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Zhuangzi's wife died, Keiko went to offer condolences, but Zhuangzi sat with his legs crossed like a dustpan, banging on the tile while singing. Keiko said, "You have lived with your dead wife all your life and have children until you die of old age. It is not an exaggeration to cry when you are dead, and it is not an exaggeration to sing after knocking on the tile! "

Zhuangzi said, "That's not right. How can I not be sad when this man died? But after careful investigation, she was never born at first, not only never born but also never had a body, not only never had a body but never formed vitality. Mixed in a trance, it changes into vitality, vitality changes into shape, shape changes into life, and now it changes into death, just like running in spring, summer, autumn and winter. The dead will lie peacefully between heaven and earth, but I sobbed beside her, thinking that it is impossible to understand fate, so I stopped crying. "

original text

Zhuangzi's funeral passed through Keiko's tomb, and Gu said to his followers, "If a man flies his wings, slow his nose (1), so that the craftsman can stone him (2). A craftsman's luck makes the wind (3), and if he listens, he will lose (4). If you try your best, your nose won't be hurt. If you stand up straight, you won't lose your ability (5). Hearing this, Song called the craftsman stone and said, "Do it for me." The craftsman said,' I can taste it. Although, the quality of the minister has been dead for a long time (6)' Since the death of the master (7), I have no idea! I have nothing to say. "

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Zhuangzi's funeral, after Keiko's cemetery, turned around and said to the people who followed him, "There is a man in the field who smeared chalk on his nose. The chalk head is as big as the wings of mosquitoes and flies, and asked the craftsman to cut off this small white spot with an axe. The stonemason waved an axe and accidentally cut off the white spots. The white mud on the tip of his nose was completely removed, but his nose was not injured at all. The people who stood there as if nothing had happened did not lose their normal state. When Song learned about this, he called the craftsman and said, "You try this for me.". The craftsman said, "I can cut off the small white spots on my nose." "Even so, my worthy partner has been dead for a long time." Since Keiko died, I have no rivals! I have no one to argue with! "

original text

Zhuang wandered around the Diaoling Fan (1). A strange magpie flew from the south, with seven feet wide wings and big eyes, and gathered in the chestnut forest because of its sense of week. Zhuang Zhou said, "What bird, its wings will not die. Is it big? ? "Step (5), take the bullet and leave (6). ? Cicada can get a beautiful picture and forget her body, mantis can catch (7) and forget herself when she sees it; Different magpies benefit from it (8), and forget the truth when they see the benefits (9). Zhuang Zhou suddenly said (10): "Hey! Things are solid and tired (1 1), and the second one is called! " Donate bombs and walk away, and people in danger are scolded one by one (12).

Zhuang Zhou rebelled, and he was not in court in March (13). Lin asked him (14): "What's the difference between Confucius and Qing (15)?" Zhuang Zhou said: "I keep my shape and forget my body, but I am confused by turbid water." I also heard the masters say,' Do as the Romans do and obey their orders (16)'. Swimming in the mausoleum today, I forgot my body. Different magpies pity me. I swam around in the chestnut forest and forgot the truth. Li Lin's people took me as their slaughter (17), so I didn't go to court. "

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Zhuangzi was playing in the chestnut forest in Diaoling when he saw a strange magpie flying from the south, with wings as wide as seven feet and eyes as big as inches, touching Zhuangzi's forehead and stopping in the fruit tree forest. Zhuangzi said, "What kind of bird is this? Its wings are big but it can't fly far, but its eyes are big but its eyesight is poor? " So I lifted my clothes and hurried forward, holding a slingshot in my hand, quietly waiting for the opportunity. At this moment, I suddenly saw a cicada, resting beautifully in the dense shade, forgetting its own safety; A mantis accidentally used leaves as a cover to pounce on cicada, but forgot its own body. The strange magpie followed closely and thought it was an excellent opportunity. It was about to catch mantis and lost its authenticity. Zhuangzi said with alarm and vigilance, "Ah, everything in the world is so intertwined and competitive. These two things always attract each other with interests!" Zhuangzi then threw away the slingshot and quickly turned away. The keeper of Chestnut Garden was puzzled and gave chase.

Zhuangzi came home in a bad mood for three days. Disciple Lin followed him and asked, "Why are you so unhappy these days?" Zhuangzi said, "I pay attention to the shape of foreign objects and forget my own safety. I appreciate the turbid running water, but I am puzzled by the clear pool water. I heard from teacher Lao Dan:' Wherever you go, you must follow the customs and taboos there.' Now I have come to Diaoling Chestnut Garden, and I have forgotten my own safety. The strange magpie touched my forehead while playing in the fruit forest and lost its authenticity. The person in charge of the garden didn't understand me and insulted me. I felt very unhappy. "

3. "Looking at the sky from the well" in China's classic story Zhuangzi describes a narrow and limited vision. Zhuangzi Autumn Water

"Handan toddler" is a metaphor for mechanically imitating others, not only failing to learn others' strengths, but also losing their own strengths and skills. Zhuangzi Autumn Water

"Looking for pearls" means that writing articles can closely follow the theme and grasp the main points. Zhuangzi Lieyukou

"Make people laugh, generous" means to make people laugh, which means passive. Zhuangzi Autumn Water

A "generous home" originally refers to someone who knows the truth. Later, it generally refers to people who are knowledgeable or have expertise in learning. Source "Zhuangzi Qiushui"

"Eating fish and pecking at rot" is a metaphor for pursuing fame and fortune. Zhuangzi Autumn Water

"Lonely young rotten mouse" is a metaphor for a humble thing. Zhuangzi Autumn Water

The metaphor of "Taicang rice" is very small. Zhuangzi Autumn Water

"A drop in Taicang" is a metaphor for the smallest of the largest numbers. Zhuangzi Autumn Water

"Summer insects talk about ice" means that people are limited by what they see and hear. Zhuangzi Autumn Water

No matter where you eat, you peck at the generous home, and the lonely little rotten mouse looks around.

Peeking at the sky in a pipe; Cough and spit on the crawling and toddler beams in Handan.

A frog in the well is a frog in the well.

Shouling lost his step and died.

A drop of Taicang looks through the autumn water jar, and the sky looks at the sea and sighs.

Toddlers in Handan can't talk about ice summer insects, but they suspect ice summer insects and talk about ice summer insects.

Sighing and peeping into the sky.

Laughing and laughing, generous fish are swimming in the upper reaches of the city, and autumn water is stabbing the ground with a cone.

4. The story of Zhuangzi in pure classical Chinese is very short. Zhuangzi and Keiko swim on Haoliang, and Zhuangzi and Keiko swim on Haoliang.

Zhuangzi said: "How leisurely the fish in the river are in the river. This is the happiness of the fish." . "Keiko said," you are not a fish, where do you know that fish is happy? " ? " Zhuangzi said, "You are not me. How do you know that I don't know that fish are happy?" ? "Keiko said," I am not a son, and I really don't know my son. "Zigu is not a fish, but I don't know the joy of fish!" Zhuangzi said, "Please follow its source.

Confucius said, "You know a lot about fish". If you ask me what I know, I know it very well. "Keiko Xiang Liang Source: Zhuangzi Qiushui Keiko Xiang Liang (1), Zhuangzi went to see it.

Someone told Hui Shi: "Zhuangzi is here to replace you as prime minister." . "So Hui Shi was very scared and looked for three days and three nights in the country.

Zhuangzi went to see it and said, "There is a bird in the south named Yu ā n Chú (2). What do you know? Kites originated in the South China Sea, but fly in the North Sea. It is not only a phoenix tree, but also a practice. (3) It doesn't eat, it's not spring. (4) It doesn't drink. So the owl (chθ) caught the rotten mouse, and the kite chick passed by and looked up and said,' Fear!' This son tried to scare me with his son's Guo Liang? "。

5. The short stories in classical Chinese in Zhuangzi and Mozi should be translated. Mozi can be called a witch: "Zi loves the world, but it is not good;" I don't love the world, and I'm not a thief. How can I be a person instead of me? " Zi Mozi said: "There are people who will die here today. If one person offers water, he will fill it." If you mix fire with one person, you will benefit. How can one son be more valuable than two sons? " Pockmarked Wu said, "I serve water, not mix fire with my husband." Zi Mozi said: "I am a person who cares about me, not a person who cares about me." I don't love everyone in the world and I can't talk about any harm. It didn't work. How can you think that only you are right and I am wrong? " Mozi said: "Now there is a fire, and a man brought water to douse it;" A man holds a fire and makes it burn bigger. It didn't have any consequences. Which one do you like? "Ma Zi Wu said," I agree with the will of the bearer and deny the will of the torchbearer. "Mr. Mozi said," Now you should understand that my idea of loving the world is correct, and your intention of not loving the world is wrong.

6. Zhuangzi's short stories and his views on Zhuangzi have profound ideological connotations. There is a story about Zhuangzi. His wife died, and his friends went to see him, but he was surprised to find that he was beating the pottery bowl while singing. His friend criticized him unhappily: "You didn't cry, but did you do it?" Zhuangzi replied that he is not without sad feelings, but death is inevitable. Since this is the law of natural operation, why are you crying? In Zhuangzi's thought, with rational understanding, we can get rid of the bondage of emotion and achieve spiritual freedom. At this point, Zhuangzi and the Dutch philosopher Spinoza's point of view is the same. Zhuang Zhou dreamed that he had become a butterfly, which was very relaxed and comfortable. At this time, he completely forgot that he was Zhuang Zhou. When he woke up for a while, he was very surprised and confused about himself or Zhuang Zhou. Think about it carefully, I don't know if Zhuang Zhou dreamed of butterflies or butterflies. This story is generally called Zhuang Zhou Meng Die. In the eyes of ordinary people, what a person sees and feels when he is awake is real, and dreams are hallucinations and unreal. Zhuangzi doesn't think so. Although, waking is a realm and dreams are another realm, they are different. Zhuang Zhou is Zhuang Zhou, and butterflies are butterflies, which is different. But in Zhuang Zhou's view, they are just a phenomenon, a form and a stage in the Tao movement. A simple story not only shows a fantastic attitude towards life, but also reveals the metaphysical "Tao" and the metaphysical relationship between Zhuang Zhou and butterflies. Although everything is ever-changing, it is just Tao. Essentially, it's just an empty road, which makes no difference. It's called Wuqi. There is also a famous story in "Zhuangzi", which is called "The Argument of Hao Liang". Zhuangzi and his friend Hui Shi are walking on a bridge in Haoshui. Zhuangzi looked at the jumping fish in the water and said, "The jumping fish is carefree in the water, which is the happiness of the fish." Keiko said, "You are not a fish, how do you know? Zhuangzi said, "If you are not me, how do you know that I don't know the happiness of fish?" Keiko said, "I'm not you, although I don't know you;" "You are not a fish, there is no doubt that you can't know whether a fish is happy or not." Zhuangzi said, "Please go back to where we started. You asked' How do you know that a fish is happy', which means that you are sure that I know that a fish is happy. Hui Shi is a representative figure of pre-Qin masters, and he is an enemy or friend of Zhuangzi. Zhuangzi recorded many arguments between them, and this is just one of them. This story. It is appreciated by readers at home and abroad. Their argument about who is right and who is wrong, who loses and who wins has always been a matter of opinion. Famous scholars study logic. Logically, it seems that Hui Shi has the upper hand, because people are different from fish. How can I know the psychology of fish? But in terms of aesthetic experience, Zhuangzi is also reasonable. Any animal's movements, expressions, pains or happiness can be experienced through observation.

7. 1. Zhuangzi Zhuangzi and Keiko swim on the moat beam. Zhuangzi said, "Fish swim leisurely and have fun." Keiko said, "If you are not a fish, do you know the happiness of fish?" Zhuangzi said, "You are not me. How do you know that I don't know that fish are happy?" ? "Keiko said," I'm not a child, but I don't know this child. "Zi Gu is not a fish, and I don't know the joy of fish." Zhuangzi said, "Please follow its source. Those who say' women know the happiness of fish' now ask me, I know what I know, I know what I know. " 2. Mozi's public loss plate is a machine for making ladders in Chu. When it is completed, it will attack the Song Dynasty. Hearing this, Mozi set out from Qi and left on the 10th. Zi Mozi said, "Those who insult my officials in the north are willing to be killed by my son." The bus section didn't say anything. Mozi said, "Please give me your daughter." The bus number plate says, "My righteousness is firm and I won't kill anyone." Zi Mozi bowed again and said, "Please tell me. Smell the son from the north as a ladder, will attack the song dynasty. What is Song's crime? Jing is more than the ground, less than the people. It is unwise to fight for all the surplus by killing less. Song attack without blame, non-benevolence; Knowing without arguing is not loyalty; Fighting for it is not strong; Righteousness kills many people instead of a few, which cannot be described by knowing the class. " The public lost. Zi Mozi said, "Of course, isn't it enough?" The loser said, "No, I am the king." Mozi said, "Don't you see that I am king?" When Zi Mozi saw the king, he said, "People are here, leaving their literary halls, and neighbors want to steal them." Give up its splendid scenery, neighbors have short brown to steal it; If you give up your meat and your neighbor has chaff and wants to steal it-why is this a person? "The king said," there must be theft. "Zi Mozi said," The land of Jing is 5,000 Li, and the land of Song is 500 Li, which is the same as the Selected Works. Jing has a cloud dream, rhinoceros moose is full, and Jianghan fish is rich in the world. What Song did was also the kind that tried to fish without pheasants. Although the bus plate is a ladder for me, I must take the Song Dynasty. "So I saw the license plate of public transportation. Mozi untied the belt as the city and took the die as the machinery. The bus tray was installed to attack the city, and Mozi was nine yards away. The bus plate is exhausted, and Mozi's defense is more than enough. When the bus tray was used up, I said, "I know why I am far away from my children, my son." Song can't defend it, but can attack it. But Qin Huali, the minister's disciple, and other 300 people picked up the weapon to protect the minister on the Song Cheng and treated Chu Kou. Although I killed the minister, I couldn't stop him. The king of Chu said, "Good. Sorry, I won't attack the Song Dynasty.

8. Mozi, Zhuangzi's short stories in classical Chinese 1. Zhuangzi Zhuangzi and Keiko swim on the moat beam.

Zhuangzi said, "A leisurely swim is a pleasure for fish." Keiko said, "You are not a fish. How can you know that fish are happy?" ? Zhuangzi said, "You are not me. How do you know that I don't know that fish are happy?" " ? " Keiko said, "I'm not a child, but I don't know that child." Zi Gu is not a fish, but he doesn't know the happiness of fish. "

Zhuangzi said, "Please follow its source. Confucius said,' Women know fish', since I know what I know, just ask me and I will know. "

2. Mozi's bus tray is the machinery of Chu ladder, which will attack the Song Dynasty after its completion. Mozi heard about it and set out from Qi for ten days and ten nights. As for Ying, he saw the loss of the public.

The loser said, "What is your master's life?" Zi Mozi said, "Those who insult ministers in the north are willing to kill them by borrowing their sons." Don't say that the public loses.

Mozi said, "Please give it to your daughter." The loser said, "I will never kill anyone."

Mozi got up and bowed again, saying, "Go ahead. I learned from the north that I would attack the Song Dynasty.

What was the sin of the Song Dynasty? Jing is more than the ground, less than the people. It is unwise to fight for all the surplus by killing less. Song attack without blame, non-benevolence; Knowing without arguing is not loyalty; Fighting for it is not strong; Righteousness does not kill less and kills more, which cannot be described by knowing the class. "Public lose dish clothes.

Zi Mozi said, "Of course, are you bored?" The loser said, "No, I am the word king." Mozi said, "Don't you see me?" The public loser said, "Yes."

When Zi Mozi saw the king, he said, "Today, some people give up their selected works and neighbors want to steal them; Give up its splendid scenery, neighbors have short brown to steal it; If you give up your meat, your neighbor has chaff and wants to steal it-why is this a person? " The king said, "There must be theft." Zi Mozi said, "The land of Jing is 5,000 Li, and the land of Song is 500 Li, which is the same as the anthology.

Jing has a cloud dream, rhinoceros moose is full, Jianghan's fish turtle catfish is rich in the world, and Song has no pheasant rabbit to fish, which is still bad for Liang's meat bran. Jing has a long song dynasty, and the south has it, while the song dynasty has no long wood, which is beautiful and short brown.

I regard Wang Li's attack on the Song Dynasty as similar. "The king said," good! Although the bus section is a ladder for me, I must take the song. "

So watch the public lose. Mozi took off his belt as the city, took death as the weapon, set up siege machines on the bus board nine times, and Mozi separated it nine times.

The attack of the losing set was exhausted, and Mozi's defense was more than enough. Volkswagen lost the game, but said, "I know that's why I'm far away, so I won't say anything."

Zi Mozi also said, "I know that Zi left me because I didn't say anything." The king of Chu asked him why.

Zi Mozi said, "I lost my intention and wanted to kill my minister." Kill the minister, Song Mo can keep it and attack it.

And I disciple bird slip Li and other three hundred people, but has been in Song Cheng to keep the instrument of the mouth, waiting for Chu Kou. Although you killed a minister, you can't kill him. "

The king of Chu said, "Good. Please don't attack the Song Dynasty. "